氯氮平和利培酮对精神分裂症患者体质量的影响

目的:探讨氯氮平和利培酮对精神分裂症患者体质量(体重)的影响及相关因素。方法:选择符合国际疾病分类第10版(ICD-10)精神分裂症的诊断标准,空腹血糖正常,无严重躯体疾病,1周内未用任何抗精神病药的住院患者,共计65例,其中利培酮组32例,氯氮平组33例。两组患者于治疗前和治疗6周末分别做葡萄糖耐量试验,测空腹血胰岛素,测量体质量、身高,计算体质量指数(BMI),评定阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)。结果:①治疗后体质量增加者氯氮平组24例(占72.7%),利培酮组19例(占59.4%);氯氮平组体质量平均增加2.5kg,利培酮组1.4kg;②氯氮平组体质量增加与进食量增加、胰岛素水平增加和PANSS评分减分率相关(P<0·05),体质量增加者餐后1h血糖升高;③利培酮组体质量增加与年龄、病程显著相关(P<0·05),与基础BMI存在负相关倾向;④两组治疗后均出现糖耐量减低(IGT)和暂时诊断糖尿病(DM)。结论:氯氮平和利培酮均能导致体质量增加,体质量增加更易对糖代谢造成不良影响。     

利培酮和氯丙嗪治疗时血糖代谢变化

目的:研究使用抗精神病药影响血糖代谢的特点。方法:198例未曾治疗或停药3个月以上的精神分裂症住院患者给予氯丙嗪或利培酮治疗。于入院时及治疗1、2、3和6个月时检测血糖浓度。结果:氯丙嗪组治疗2个月餐后2 h糖耐量试验(2hPG)、6个月后糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)浓度均明显高于治疗前。治疗6个月血葡萄糖调节受损(IGR),氯丙嗪组有15.54%,利培酮组有7.37%;≥40岁者2hPG和HbA1C明显高于<40岁者。结论:2hPG和HbA1C浓度增高是糖代谢异常的早期表现,早期干预有利于防止IGR。     

A comparison of the efficacy and safety of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of elderly patients with schizophrenia: an open study of six months duration

BACKGROUND: Following an earlier study in which elderly patients with schizophrenia had their typical antipsychotic medication changed to olanzapine or risperidone, the 61 patients were followed for up to a further six months to see if either treatment was superior in terms of efficacy or side effects. AIMS: To determine whether either olanzapine or risperidone was superior in terms of efficacy or side effects when treating schizophrenia in late life. METHODS: Psychiatric symptoms, side effects and quality of life were rated every six weeks for 24 weeks of open label comparative treatment using standard measures. Group differences were examined using analysis of covariance and within-group changes over time were assessed using paired t-tests. RESULTS: There were 34 olanzapine and 32 risperidone patients who entered the study, but intention to treat data was only available for 61 of the 66 patients. There were no clinical or demographic differences between the groups. Parkinsonism, positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia improved in both groups both from baseline switch to olanzapine or risperidone and during the six month follow-up after completion of crossover. No significant differences were seen between groups on most measures. However, patients treated with olanzapine showed a significantly greater improvement in quality of life from baseline compared to risperidone patients. CONCLUSIONS: Both drugs were well tolerated and their use was associated with fewer symptoms of schizophrenia and less adverse effects than were seen when the patients were taking a typical antipsychotic at baseline. Olanzapine appears to have particular benefit with regard to quality of life.     

Atypical antipsychotics to treat the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in older adults with dementia and can be associated with a rapid decline in cognitive and functional status. This article reviews the current literature supporting the use of atypical antipsychotic medications in this population. Among the currently available atypical antipsychotics, risperidone and olanzapine have been the most widely studied in double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Despite the common use of other atypical antipsychotic medications, their efficacy and safety in older adults with dementia has not been as extensively studied. Some controversy surrounds the use of atypical antipsychotic agents in older adults with the suggestion that they may increase the incidence of stroke or even death. Despite the potential for increased risk of harm from the use of these medications, atypical antipsychotics are often effective in treating troublesome neuropsychiatric symptoms refractory to other treatments. Whenever possible, these atypical antipsychotic drug treatments should be combined with non-pharmacological treatments to limit the need and dose of antipsychotic drugs and constant monitoring for potential harms should be maintained. The choice of which atypical antipsychotic agent can be guided by the nature and severity of the target symptom and the medication least likely to cause harm to the patient.     

阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者血清催乳素影响的Meta分析

目的：探讨阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者血清催乳素（PRL）影响的差异。方法：应用Meta分析对7项阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者血清PRL影响对照研究的文章进行再分析,评价其合并效应量大小和综合显著性检验。结果：阿立哌唑组自身对照血清PRL水平差异效应极小,y合并=-0.08,95%CI（-0.25,0.06）,χ2=2.20,P〉0.05;利培酮组治疗后血清PRL水平显著高于治疗前,差异效应极大,d=3.06,95%CI（0.22,6.21）,χ2=85.90,P〈0.01。治疗4周和治疗结束后阿立哌唑组血清PRL水平显著低于利培酮组,差异效应极大,分别为d=-0.72,95%CI（-0.89,-0.49）,χ2=18.39,P〈0.05;y合并=-1.07,95%CI（-1.25,-0.88）,χ2=4.87,P〉0.05。阿立哌唑组月经紊乱、溢乳现象显著少于利培酮组。结论：阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者血清PRL水平影响较小。     

利培酮与氯丙嗪对代谢影响随访研究

目的：研究氯丙嗪与利培酮对精神分裂症患者血糖、血脂和体质量的影响。方法：198例精神分裂症患者随机分为氯丙嗪组与利培酮组,随访1年,采集患者空腹血糖、总胆固醇、和体质量的数据。结果：氯丙嗪组和利培酮组总胆固醇、三酰甘油、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、体质量、体质量指数在治疗后均显著升高;以氯丙嗪组更显著为高。结论：氯丙嗪与利培酮对血糖、血脂和体质量的影响不同,但都可使之升高。     

齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症伴抑郁症状对照观察

目的：比较齐拉西酮与利培酮对精神分裂症伴抑郁症状的疗效。方法：58例首发精神分裂症患者随机分成两组,分别给予齐拉西酮（齐拉西酮组）和利培酮（利培酮组）治疗8周,以阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定临床疗效;以治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果：治疗后两组患者PANSS和HAMD评分均显著下降,齐拉西酮组改善抑郁疗效优于利培酮组。两组不良反应发生率差异无显著性。结论：齐拉西酮和利培酮治疗精神分裂症的精神病性症状疗效相当,齐拉西酮对精神分裂症抑郁症状疗效较好。     

氨磺必利治疗首次发病的精神分裂症患者的随机对照研究

目的:比较氨磺必利及利培酮对首次发病的精神分裂症患者疗效及糖脂代谢的影响。方法:采用随机双盲法将86例首发精神分裂症患者分为研究组和对照组,每组43例;分别给予氨磺必利和利培酮治疗8周。治疗前后进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)和治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评分;测量体质量指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、口服糖耐量实验2 h血糖(2h PG)、血清胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)。结果:治疗后两组PANSS评分明显下降(P均0.05),两组间PANSS评分及临床总有效率差异无统计学意义;研究组不良反应发生率(25.6%)明显低于对照组(62.8%)(P0.05);研究组治疗前后糖脂代谢指标(BMI、FPG、2h PG、FINS、HOMA-IR、HDL、TG和TC)比较差异无统计学意义;对照组BMI、FPG、2h PG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TG和TC水平较治疗前及研究组明显增高(P0.05或P0.001)。结论:氨磺必利对首发精神分裂症患者的疗效与利培酮相似,不良反应少,短期治疗不影响患者的糖脂代谢。     

利培酮治疗难治性Tourette综合征对照观察

目的:探讨利培酮治疗难治性Tourette综合征(TS)的疗效和安全性。方法:对141例难治性TS患者,随机分为利培酮组(71例)和对照组(70例),进行8周的利培酮开放、对照研究。利培酮组以利培酮单药治疗,对照组以氟哌啶醇等单一或联合治疗。采用耶鲁抽动症状严重程度量表(YGTSS)Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS),于治疗前、治疗4、8周对两组进行临床疗效及安全性评估。结果:两组症状均有改善。治疗第4周利培酮组有效率56.3%,明显高于对照组32.9%(χ2=8.212,P<0.01);利培酮组YGTSS总分(39.97±15.62)分较对照组(49.84±13.91)分显著为低(P<0.01)。治疗8周时利培酮组有效率为71.8%,明显高于对照组51.4%(χ2=6.357,P<0.05);利培酮组YGTSS总分(17.20±11.24)分明显低于对照组(24.97±10.74)分(P<0.05);减分率(76.55±14.73)%明显高于对照组(66.86±14.28)%(P<0.01)。治疗4周和8周,两组的CBCL总分均显著减少(P<0.05)。治疗4周和8周,利培酮组TESS分显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:利培酮对难治性TS疗效肯定,不良反应较轻。     

3种抗精神病药对精神分裂症认知功能的影响

目的:探讨阿立哌唑、利培酮和氯丙嗪对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法:56例首发精神分裂症患者分为阿立哌唑组(n=18)、利培酮组(n=24)和氯丙嗪组(n=14),在治疗前和治疗6周进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分,威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、连线测验(A和B)、韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS)中的数字符号和数字广度(顺、逆)测验等神经心理测验。结果:治疗6周后,3组PANSS评分均明显下降,3组之间差异无显著性。阿立哌唑组和利培酮组各项认知功能指标均有不同程度的改善,而氯丙嗪组只有2项(WCST中持续反应数和数字广度测验)较治疗前显著好转。连线测验B阿立哌唑组显著优于利培酮组,其余各指标两组间差异无显著性。阿立哌唑组除WCST中持续反应数、完成分类数和数字广度测验外,其余各指标均显著优于氯丙嗪组;利培酮组除WCST中持续反应数外,其余各指标均显著优于氯丙嗪组。结论:阿立哌唑和利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的改善作用相当,均显著优于氯丙嗪。