Six Cases of Prenatal and Neonatal Torsion of the Spermatic Cord

Torsions of the spermatic cord occurring from the intrauterine period to the end of the first year of life are termed perinatal. These are divided into prenatal and postnatal torsions, depending on their occurrence in the intrauterine or postuterine period. From January 1984 to January 1996, 6 cases were identified at our institution, involving 4 prenatal and 2 postnatal extravaginal torsions of the spermatic cord. These cases are reviewed with regard to optimal therapeutic approaches for the treatment of both the affected gonad as well as the contralateral one, and whether the event occurred prenatally or postnatally. The authors also propose several clinical indications useful for obstetricians, pediatricians, urologists and nurses.     

Topographic organization of descending projection neurons to the spinal cord of the goldfish, Carassius auratus

Several neurons from different nuclei give rise to descending spinal tracts and project to various levels in the spinal cord of goldfish, Carassius auratus. These were visualized by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) administered to the bilaterally transected spinal cord at 6 levels, corresponding to 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25gh segments of the vertebral column. As many as 16 brain nuclei or neuronal aggregations and the Mauthner cells project posteriorly up to the 20th spinal segment. Restricted neurons of the dorsolateral area in the nucleus preopticus magnocellularis and those of the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus projected up to the 20th and 25th segments respectively. In the mesencephalon, the nucleus ruber and the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus revealed retrogradely labeled somata; the former extended up to the 20th segment, while the latter projected up to the 25th segment. The remaining descending projected neurons of the brain belonged to the rhombencephalon. The nucleus of the lateral lemniscus; anterior, magnocellular, descending and posterior divisions of the octaval nucleus: raphe nucleus; Mauthner cell and the neurons located adjacent to the trigeminal tract and those in the vicinity of the secondary gustatory tract sent their processes up to 20th segmental level. However, somata of the superior, medial and inferior divisions of the reticular nucleus and restricted neurons of the facial lobe extended up to 25th segmental level. The pattern of neuronal projections into the spinal cord suggests a topographic organization.     

5-羟色胺对大鼠脊髓P物质痛觉调制的影响(英文)

比较SP,5-HT与For诱发的脊髓内c-fos表达的异同,以及它们之间的相互关系,从而进一步了解SP在脊髓痛觉调制中的主要作用.方法:用免疫组织化学法和痛阈测定法.结果:发现大鼠it P物质(sP)10μg和sc5％甲醛(For)150μL诱发的脊髓c-fos表达主要在背角Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ及Ⅵ层,同时SP使痛阈降低,For使痛级均数(PIR)升高.5-HT it 20μg引起的c-fos表达较多地分布于背角Ⅲ—Ⅳ层,并可使痛阈升高.5-HT和Fen可分别减弱和增加SP及For诱发的脊髓c-fos表达及痛反应.结论:SP在脊髓内可能主要起致痛作用,5-HT可抑制SP引起的脊髓c-fos表达,从而参与SP的痛觉调制作用.     

脊髓手术中体感诱发电位监测的临床研究

报告３０例脊髓手术中体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）连续监测的临床研究结果。ＳＥＰ记录包括脊髓ＳＥＰ（ＳＳＥＰ）和皮层ＳＥＰ（ＳＣＥＰ）。麻醉药物对ＳＥＰ有一定程度影响，ＳＣＥＰ相对较大。认为，至少术中ＳＥＰ潜伏期延长不超过８％和波幅降低不超过５０％，不会引起术后并发症，超过该范围由于病例较少，尚不能肯定与预后的关系，需进一步探讨。     

异丙酚对慢性神经痛大鼠脊髓诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的 研究不同剂量异丙酚对慢性神经痛大鼠触诱发痛痛阈及其脊髓组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为四组,Ⅰ组为空白对照;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组结扎左侧坐骨神经。术后第7天,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组腹腔注射生理盐水50 ml·kg-1,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组腹腔注射异丙酚50 ml·kg-1或75ml·kg-1,每天一次共6 d。在术后第6、10和12天,使用Von Frey法分别测定各组大鼠触诱发痛痛阈,比较不同剂量的异丙酚对大鼠痛阈的影响。术后第12天取L4-5和L5-6节段脊神经节和脊髓组织,采用半定量RT-PCR法,对各组大鼠脊髓组织iNOS mRNA表达进行检测。结果 术后第10和12天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组大鼠双侧的痛阈值高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);术后第12天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组大鼠脊髓组织iNOS mRNA表达低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论 异丙酚通过抑制脊髓组织iNOS mRNA转录,降低其表达,而起到一定的抗伤害作用。     

鞘内注射吗啡对切口疼痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶Cγ免疫反应的影响

目的 研究鞘内注射吗啡对切口疼痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶Cγ(PKCγ)免疫反应的影响。方法 SD雄性大鼠24只,随机分为4组(每组6只):假手术组(Ⅰ组)、对照组(Ⅱ组)术前30 min鞘内注射人工脑脊液20μl,术后吗啡治疗组(Ⅲ组)、术前吗啡治疗组(Ⅳ组)分别于术后和术前30min鞘内注射吗啡5μg(10 μl)。所有大鼠均按Brennan法制成切口疼痛模型,用免疫组织化学方法观察脊髓背角PKCγ的表达。结果 Ⅱ组术侧脊髓背角PKCγ-IR表达高于非术侧及Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组脊髓背角PKCγ-IR表达降低(P<0.05或0.01),而Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组比较差异无显著性。结论 在大鼠切口疼痛模型中,鞘内注射吗啡的镇痛作用可能与抑制脊髓背角的PKCγ-IR免疫反应有关。     

Why study transport of peptides and proteins at the neurovascular interface

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an immense neurovascular interface. In neurodegenerative, ischemic, and traumatic disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), the BBB may hinder the delivery of many therapeutic peptides and proteins to the brain and spinal cord. Fortunately, the mistaken dogma that peptides and proteins do not cross the BBB has been corrected during the past two decades by the accumulating evidence that peptides and proteins in the periphery exert potent effects in the CNS. Not only can peptides and proteins serve as carriers for selective therapeutic agents, but they themselves may directly cross the BBB after delivery into the bloodstream. Their passage may be mediated by simple diffusion or specific transport, both of which can be affected by interactions in the blood compartment (outside the BBB) and within the endothelial cells (at the BBB level). Although the majority of current delivery strategies focuses on modification of the molecule to be delivered, understanding the mechanisms of transport will eventually facilitate regulation of the BBB directly. We review the different aspects of interactions and discuss recent advances in the cell biology of peptide/protein transport across the BBB. Better understanding of the nature and regulation of the transport systems at the BBB will provide a new direction to enhance the interactions of peripheral peptides and proteins with the CNS.     

大鼠脊髓损伤修复差异表达cDNA文库的构建

目的　 运用改良消减杂交技术构建大鼠脊髓损伤修复过程中出现的差异表达基因文库 ,为寻找在脊髓损伤后的修复过程中起关键作用的分子提供帮助。方法　在经典消减杂交的基础上引进SMART反转录、长距离PCR、磁性分离系统、离心柱色谱等方法建立改良消减杂交技术 ,通过两轮消减杂交构建差异表达基因的cDNA消减文库 ,并对文库中的差异基因进行批量克隆与生物信息学分析。结果　 将两轮消减杂交后的差异表达基因转化大肠杆菌JM10 9以建立差异表达基因文库 ,库容量大小为 2× 10 3。从文库中随机挑取 90个克隆进行酶切鉴定与测序分析 ,得到 4 0个差异基因序列 ,其中 32个已知序列 ,8个新序列。 结论　 通过改良消减杂交成功建立了脊髓损伤修复过程中出现的差异表达基因文库 ,为筛选在大鼠脊髓损伤修复过程中起关键作用的基因 ,进一步探讨脊髓损伤修复的分子机制奠定了基础     

精索扭转误诊24例分析

目的：分析精索扭转误诊的原因及教训，提高临床医生对该病的认识水平与警惕性，以减少误诊的发生。方法：对24例外院误诊的精索扭转病例进行回顾性分析。结果：24例患者均经手术证实为精索扭转，因未能及时诊断，延误时机而切除缺血坏死的睾丸。结论：彩色多普勒血流动态显像应作为诊断该疾病的常规与首选检查方法，对精索扭转一旦确诊或疑有精索扭转的患者应及早行紧急复位，以期挽救睾丸。同时行睾丸固定术也十分必要，对于确诊毫无保留价值的睾丸需行切除。