中药材珍珠的X衍射Fourier谱研究

目的：珍珠为常用名贵中药,应用粉未Ｘ衍射Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ谱分析,建立各类珍珠的Ｘ衍射特征标记峰,对其进行鉴定。方法：西方应用粉未Ｘ衍射方法对珍珠贝科海水（天然与人工养殖）、淡水珍珠、蚌科三角帆蚌壳、珍珠未与珍珠层粉等９个榈进行了Ｘ衍射Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ谱分析计算。结果：海水珍珠、淡水珍珠、珍珠粉与珍珠层粉中的主要成分为珍珠文石型碳酸钙;但后二者中尚含有１０％以下方解石型碳酸钙。同时,获得了有别于文石矿的     

Do we need to treat otitis media?

Otitis media is a common pediatric problem. It is well established that over half of infants and children with acute otitis media may have spontaneous recovery. Since it is difficult to predict the course (self-limited versus serious disease) all the children with acute suppurative otitis media need to be treated with antibiotics. Amoxicillin is still the initial antibiotic of choice. There are several alternate antibiotics available with activity against beta-lactamase positive bacteria. These agents have no advantage over amoxicillin in infections due to penicillin resistant pneumococci. Recent use of beta-lactam antibiotics and/or attendance in a day care where there is frequent use of antibiotics are predisposing factors for penicillin resistant pneumococcal infection. In such cases after tympanocentesis, higher dose of amoxicillin, clindamycin or intramuscular ceftriaxone should be considered. Secretory otitis media does not need to be treated with antibiotics unless the patient is in high risk group. Prophylactic use of antibiotics should be actively discouraged. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination (2 years or older) should be encouraged in children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media. Breast feeding should be encouraged.     

Fecal incontinence successfully managed by antegrade continence enema in children: A report of two cases

Two children with intractable fecal incontinence after correction of high anorectal malformations were successfully managed by the daily administration of a glycerin enema into the cecum via an appendicocecostomy or tubularized cecostomy, according to the method of Malone's antegrade continence enema (ACE). Fluoroscopic defecography performed during this procedure in each patient disclosed that the glycerin enema promptly evoked cecal peristalsis, which was transmitted to the distal colon and rectum, and squeezed out almost all the fecal matter, evacuating it from the anus. However, two enemas within a short interval were required to achieve a complete washout of feces. Although this report describes only two patients, our experience confirmed that the ACE was very effective and that adding the word continence to antegrade enema was justifiable. Moreover, fluoroscopic defecography was proven to play a significant role in determining the appropriate regimens of this technique to achieve complete washout of the feces.     

Ubiquitinated neurites are associated with preamyloid and cerebral amyloid β deposits in patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis Dutch type

Summary Here ditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis Dutch type (HCHWA-D) is characterized clinically by recurrent strokes and pathologically by deposition of amyloid (A) in cerebral vessel walls and, to a lesser extent, in the neuropil. Distinct from Alzheimer's disease, amyloid formation in HCHWA-D is not associated with neurofibrillary changes. Since a central issue in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and related conditions is the role of A in the neurodegencrative process, we investigated HCHWA-D brains for the presence of neuritic abnormalities using antibodies to ubiquitin and to phosphorylated neurofilaments. The study showed that amyloid deposits in the vessel walls and in the neuropil were surrounded by abnormal ubiquitinated neurites, suggesting that A deposition induces neuritic changes.Supported by the Italian Ministry of Health. Department of Social Services, and by N.I.H. Grants AG05891 and AG08721 (to B.F.)     

Cation exchange contribution to the retention of specific quaternary ammonium compounds in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

The influence of electrolytes on the retention of organic cationic solutes in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been investigated. The effects of the nature and concentration of electrolytes and mobile phase pH on the retention of two model quaternary ammonium compounds were studied on mu-Bondapak C18 stationary phase with aqueous methanolic eluents. The nature and concentration of inorganic cations added to the mobile phase modified the retention of the solutes. The counter anion of the added electrolyte did not perceptibly influence solute retention at constant mobile phase pH, although it did significantly influence solute retention when the electrolytes were added to unbuffered mobile phases. The retention data are consistent with the inclusion of an ion exchange contribution to the retention of cationic solutes in the systems investigated.     

Can a community development model be used for health programmes in an industrialized country?

Injury resulting from accident is a serious public health problem in Sweden, as it is in the rest of the world. Theoretically, almost all incidents can be prevented. However, in practice, injury-prevention is a complex problem. A community-level intervention programme for prevention of accidents was developed in the municipality of Sollentuna, Stockholm County. The primary strategy has been to involve the community through representatives as well as through local organizations and groups. Project organization has been built up in cooperation with the municipal primary health-care department, local authorities, voluntary organizations and citizen agencies. A common opinion is that it is the actual process in a community programme which is important, that alters the type of involvement from a ‘top-down’ to a ‘bottom-up’ approach. Can a local community take over responsibility for running such a programme which has been initiated by an external authority or organization? We think that, at least for Swedish circumstances, the community development approach is far too optimistic in its expectation that community members should and can stay actively involved in programme decisions. Based on our experience, it does not seem possible to maintain a broad self-sustained programme solely with input from community members.     

Hormone levels of follicular fluids with and without oocytes in patients who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues and gonadotropins in an in vitro fertilization program

Background Are follicles where no oocytes are retrieved empty follicles?Methods The levels of estradiol (E₂), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), cortisol (F), and prolactin (PRL) of follicular fluids (FF) aspirated individually from 34 randomly selected IVF patients in whom no oocytes were recovered were compared with the respective hormone levels of FF obtained from the same patients when oocytes were retrieved. Two FF without oocytes of a 35th patient in whom no oocytes were retrieved were analyzed.Results Hormones did not differ significantly in the paired samples, while in the two FF of the 35th woman they were in agreement with cystic follicles.Conclusions It is necessary to differentiate aspirated follicles where no oocytes are retrieved from the empty follicle syndrome, which was not observed in the IVF series studied and should be rare in IVF patients.     

Pediatric surgery in the Renaissance period

The emergence of surgery during the Renaissance marked the birth of surgery as a discipline based on clinical observation and improvement of technical skill. Some of the most experienced surgeons dealing with pediatric problems were Paré, Phaer, Würtz and, especially, Hildanus, who described more than 150 cases in children. Some minor malformations were curable, and some major anomalies were described for the first time. Renaissance surgeons had no explanations for the etiology of diseases and malformations. In many instances, the imaginatio was considered to be responsible.