不同雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架在老年冠心病患者中的应用与研究

目的探讨雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架在老年冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用的安全性和有效性。方法入选320例冠心病患者,分为国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架组(Firebird组)160例,进口雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架组(Cypher组)160例。比较两组置入支架后6个月随访时的临床不良事件和再狭窄率。结果Firebird组共置入支架197枚,Cypher组共置入支架204枚。临床6个月随访示Firebird组临床不良事件3例,Cypher组4例,差异无显著性意义。6个月期随访造影显示Firebird组(66例)和Cypher组(77例)支架内再狭窄各出现1例。结论雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架Firebird和Cypher类似,而且Firebird有更高的效价比。     

Brachytherapy for renal artery in-stent restenosis.

We describe a 66-year-old female who presented with recurrent acute pulmonary edema and uncontrolled hypertension. She was diagnosed with left renal artery stenosis and treated with angioplasty and stent placement. Her clinical status improved initially but symptoms recurred within 4 months. Further evaluation documented renal artery in-stent restenosis, which was successfully treated with cutting balloon angioplasty followed by brachytherapy. The feasibility of renal artery brachytherapy and short-term follow-up is presented.     

Comparison of results of intracoronary stenting in patients with unstable vs. stable angina

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has higher complication and restenosis rates when performed in the setting of unstable angina. Balloon-expandable intracoronary stenting is a new technique with the potential to improve the results of PTCA. In order to determine whether stenting is associated with a poorer outcome in patients with unstable angina, we retrospectively examined our experience with the Palmaz-Schatz balloon-expandable intracoronary stent in 105 patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of symptoms at the time of stent insertion: group I (n = 57) had stable angina pectoris, and group II (n = 48) had unstable angina defined as pain at rest despite antianginal therapy (Braunwald class II, III). Initial (30-d) and final (6-mo) success rates were defined as stent insertion without myocardial infarction, need for bypass surgery, death, and significant angina. Baseline characteristics were similar, although the patients with unstable symptoms were older, more likely to be female, and had a higher incidence of postinfarction angina. A total of 136 stents were successfully delivered to 97 target sites in 92% of patients. Major complications occurred in 4 patients (4%) and were due to subacute thrombosis in 3 of them. There were no differences in complication rates between patients receiving stents electively with stable vs. unstable symptoms (2% vs. 6%, p = NS). Six-mo. follow-up status was ascertained in 96% of patients and revealed overall clinical success in 83% with angiographic restenosis (≥ 50% stenosis) in 28% of patients. There were no significant differences between groups in rates of restenosis, follow-up angina class, or overall clinical success. Patients with unstable angina receiving intracoronary stents have similar complication, restenosis, and initial and final success rates as compared to stent placement in patients with stable symptoms. This finding differs from previous observations of conventional PTCA and may result from mechanical improvements in the vessel due to the stent (e.g., sealing intimal dissections) or the associated anticoagulation regimen.     

Estrogen-eluting, phosphorylcholine-coated stent implantation is associated with reduced neointimal formation but no delay in vascular repair in a porcine coronary model.

Estrogen can inhibit intimal proliferation and accelerate endothelial regeneration after angioplasty. This suggests that estrogen may prevent in-stent restenosis. Unlike other therapies to prevent restenosis, estrogen may also not delay endothelial regrowth, thereby avoiding the risk of late stent thrombosis. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of a 17beta-estradiol-eluting stent on neointimal formation in a porcine model. Each artery of six pigs was randomized to either a control, low-dose, or high-dose 17beta-estradiol-eluting stent. All animals were sacrificed at 30 days for histopathological analysis. There was a 40% reduction in intimal area in the high-dose stents compared with control stents (2.54 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.13 +/- 1.1 mm(2), for high dose vs. control, respectively; P < 0.05). There was complete endothelial regeneration at 30 days and similar inflammatory response to stenting on histopathology in all the stent groups. This is the first study to show that 17beta-estradiol-eluting stents are associated with reduced neointimal formation without affecting endothelial regeneration in the pig model of in-stent restenosis. Estrogen-coated stents may have a potential benefit in the prevention and treatment of in-stent restenosis.     

Functional health status in male patients without restenosis following successful ptca

In a prospective pilot study, subjective and objective parameters of the health status were assessed in 148 male patients (mean age 56 ± 8.4 years) before and 4 months after successful coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Restenosis was defined as residual diameter stenosis >50%. Although 96 patients (65%) had not developed restenosis at 4 months' invasive follow-up, subjective asessment of general well-being was unchanged in 26% or worse in 71%; overall anginal status and exercise performance had however improved. Of 71 men younger than 60 years who had no restenosis at follow-up, 4 men retired and 13 remained on medical leave. The striking disparity between subjective and objective parameters was not related to significant differences of age, exercise capacity, and left ventricular ejection fraction, as well as to baseline characteristics (previous myocardial infarction, extent of coronary heart disease, comorbidity) compared with 52 patients with restenosis. Thus, despite documented sustained success after PTCA, the majority of patients failed to resume the status of subjective well-being.     

Serum amyloid type a may be a predictor of restenosis

Background: Elevation of acute phase proteins [C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid type A (SAA)] has been demonstrated in unstable angina with an adverse clinical prognosis. Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to determine the effect of angioplasty on the levels of SAA and the correlation with postangioplasty restenosis. Methods: In a university-affiliated tertiary medical center, a prospective case study was undertaken in 55 patients who underwent successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of a single coronary lesion for angina pectoris. Three groups of patients were clinically characterized according to Braunwald's classification of anginal syndrome: Group A: class III; Group B: class I; Group C: stable angina. Serum amyloid type A was measured by an ELISA method before PICA and after 24 h, 1, and 3 months. Patients were followed clinically for 12 months. A thallium stress perfusion scan was performed 3 months after PTCA and coronary angiography was repeated in patients with an abnormal thallium perfusion scan. Results: Serum amyloid type A levels >100 m?/ml could identify Group A patients with a high sensitivity and specificity (r = 0.85 and 0.86, respectively). Of the patients studied. 75% increased their SAA level 24 h after angioplasty. An increase of SAA by >100% was associated with an increased risk of restenosis, with a relative risk of 6.4 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Increased levels of SAA characterize patients with unstable angina pectoris with a high specificity and sensitivity. Levels of SAA that increase > 100% 24 h after angioplasty may serve as a marker of restenosis.     

镁基合金生物可降解支架的国内外研究进展

近年来,镁基合金生物可降解支架在血管领域的应用取得了很大进展。镁基合金作为一种生物降解材料,比铁基合金和锌基合金具有一定的优势。然而,镁基合金的降解速度太快,无法与组织愈合的速度相匹配,而且还表现出不均匀腐蚀的特性。因此,研究者们从支架的表面改性、锻造工艺和成分配比等方面优化支架生物金属特性,并且逐步运用到动物实验及临床研究。本综述主要围绕以下3个方面展开：镁基合金生物可降解支架的国内外发展历程;镁基合金生物可降解支架的特性;镁基合金生物可降解支架的研究热点。     

“血小板-粒细胞”聚集体与血管再狭窄

血管再狭窄和支架内血栓形成是经皮冠状动脉介入术后导致心血管不良事件发生的两个重要原因。“血小板一粒细胞”或“粒细胞一内皮细胞”聚集体的形成促进了血管壁的炎症反应和血栓形成。现以“血小板一粒细胞”聚集体在血管再狭窄中的作用和机制做一综述。