Brachytherapy for renal artery in-stent restenosis.

We describe a 66-year-old female who presented with recurrent acute pulmonary edema and uncontrolled hypertension. She was diagnosed with left renal artery stenosis and treated with angioplasty and stent placement. Her clinical status improved initially but symptoms recurred within 4 months. Further evaluation documented renal artery in-stent restenosis, which was successfully treated with cutting balloon angioplasty followed by brachytherapy. The feasibility of renal artery brachytherapy and short-term follow-up is presented.     

Comparison of results of intracoronary stenting in patients with unstable vs. stable angina

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has higher complication and restenosis rates when performed in the setting of unstable angina. Balloon-expandable intracoronary stenting is a new technique with the potential to improve the results of PTCA. In order to determine whether stenting is associated with a poorer outcome in patients with unstable angina, we retrospectively examined our experience with the Palmaz-Schatz balloon-expandable intracoronary stent in 105 patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of symptoms at the time of stent insertion: group I (n = 57) had stable angina pectoris, and group II (n = 48) had unstable angina defined as pain at rest despite antianginal therapy (Braunwald class II, III). Initial (30-d) and final (6-mo) success rates were defined as stent insertion without myocardial infarction, need for bypass surgery, death, and significant angina. Baseline characteristics were similar, although the patients with unstable symptoms were older, more likely to be female, and had a higher incidence of postinfarction angina. A total of 136 stents were successfully delivered to 97 target sites in 92% of patients. Major complications occurred in 4 patients (4%) and were due to subacute thrombosis in 3 of them. There were no differences in complication rates between patients receiving stents electively with stable vs. unstable symptoms (2% vs. 6%, p = NS). Six-mo. follow-up status was ascertained in 96% of patients and revealed overall clinical success in 83% with angiographic restenosis (≥ 50% stenosis) in 28% of patients. There were no significant differences between groups in rates of restenosis, follow-up angina class, or overall clinical success. Patients with unstable angina receiving intracoronary stents have similar complication, restenosis, and initial and final success rates as compared to stent placement in patients with stable symptoms. This finding differs from previous observations of conventional PTCA and may result from mechanical improvements in the vessel due to the stent (e.g., sealing intimal dissections) or the associated anticoagulation regimen.     

Estrogen-eluting, phosphorylcholine-coated stent implantation is associated with reduced neointimal formation but no delay in vascular repair in a porcine coronary model.

Estrogen can inhibit intimal proliferation and accelerate endothelial regeneration after angioplasty. This suggests that estrogen may prevent in-stent restenosis. Unlike other therapies to prevent restenosis, estrogen may also not delay endothelial regrowth, thereby avoiding the risk of late stent thrombosis. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of a 17beta-estradiol-eluting stent on neointimal formation in a porcine model. Each artery of six pigs was randomized to either a control, low-dose, or high-dose 17beta-estradiol-eluting stent. All animals were sacrificed at 30 days for histopathological analysis. There was a 40% reduction in intimal area in the high-dose stents compared with control stents (2.54 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.13 +/- 1.1 mm(2), for high dose vs. control, respectively; P < 0.05). There was complete endothelial regeneration at 30 days and similar inflammatory response to stenting on histopathology in all the stent groups. This is the first study to show that 17beta-estradiol-eluting stents are associated with reduced neointimal formation without affecting endothelial regeneration in the pig model of in-stent restenosis. Estrogen-coated stents may have a potential benefit in the prevention and treatment of in-stent restenosis.     

Functional health status in male patients without restenosis following successful ptca

In a prospective pilot study, subjective and objective parameters of the health status were assessed in 148 male patients (mean age 56 ± 8.4 years) before and 4 months after successful coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Restenosis was defined as residual diameter stenosis >50%. Although 96 patients (65%) had not developed restenosis at 4 months' invasive follow-up, subjective asessment of general well-being was unchanged in 26% or worse in 71%; overall anginal status and exercise performance had however improved. Of 71 men younger than 60 years who had no restenosis at follow-up, 4 men retired and 13 remained on medical leave. The striking disparity between subjective and objective parameters was not related to significant differences of age, exercise capacity, and left ventricular ejection fraction, as well as to baseline characteristics (previous myocardial infarction, extent of coronary heart disease, comorbidity) compared with 52 patients with restenosis. Thus, despite documented sustained success after PTCA, the majority of patients failed to resume the status of subjective well-being.     

Serum amyloid type a may be a predictor of restenosis

Background: Elevation of acute phase proteins [C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid type A (SAA)] has been demonstrated in unstable angina with an adverse clinical prognosis. Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to determine the effect of angioplasty on the levels of SAA and the correlation with postangioplasty restenosis. Methods: In a university-affiliated tertiary medical center, a prospective case study was undertaken in 55 patients who underwent successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of a single coronary lesion for angina pectoris. Three groups of patients were clinically characterized according to Braunwald's classification of anginal syndrome: Group A: class III; Group B: class I; Group C: stable angina. Serum amyloid type A was measured by an ELISA method before PICA and after 24 h, 1, and 3 months. Patients were followed clinically for 12 months. A thallium stress perfusion scan was performed 3 months after PTCA and coronary angiography was repeated in patients with an abnormal thallium perfusion scan. Results: Serum amyloid type A levels >100 m?/ml could identify Group A patients with a high sensitivity and specificity (r = 0.85 and 0.86, respectively). Of the patients studied. 75% increased their SAA level 24 h after angioplasty. An increase of SAA by >100% was associated with an increased risk of restenosis, with a relative risk of 6.4 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Increased levels of SAA characterize patients with unstable angina pectoris with a high specificity and sensitivity. Levels of SAA that increase > 100% 24 h after angioplasty may serve as a marker of restenosis.     

“血小板-粒细胞”聚集体与血管再狭窄

血管再狭窄和支架内血栓形成是经皮冠状动脉介入术后导致心血管不良事件发生的两个重要原因。“血小板一粒细胞”或“粒细胞一内皮细胞”聚集体的形成促进了血管壁的炎症反应和血栓形成。现以“血小板一粒细胞”聚集体在血管再狭窄中的作用和机制做一综述。     

症状性椎动脉狭窄支架植入术后再狭窄的相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨椎动脉狭窄支架植入术后支架内再狭窄（ISRS）的相关危险因素。方法 选取2015年6月至2018年9月间在我院接受椎动脉狭窄支架植入术患者110例作为研究组,平均随访15个月,以支架植入段内径狭窄≥50%为再狭窄,分为再狭窄组（33例）和对照组（77例）,回顾性分析两组患者的临床资料、生化指标及动脉造影结果的差异,分析其与椎动脉支架内再狭窄的关系。结果 通过对可能与ISRS相关的危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析显示,ISRS的危险因素有：2型糖尿病（OR=6.392, 95%CI 1.361 30.032）、支架长度>13 mm(OR=1.799, 95%CI 1.209 2.678)、椎动脉原始内径<3.5 mm(OR=0.069, 95%CI 0.013 0.383)、椎动脉起始部变异（OR=7.369, 95%CI 1.558 34.860）以及合并多处狭窄病变（OR=8.985, 95%CI 1.339 60.290）。结论 2型糖尿病、支架长度>13 mm、椎动脉原始内径<3.5 mm、椎动脉起始部变异及合并多处狭窄为预测ISRS发生的主要危险因素,必须更加重视这类危险因素患者的术前评估、随访和复查。     

血管内照射对兔血管平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨188铼(188Re)血管内照射对血管平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法:40只新西兰白兔随机分为对照组(n=20只)和照射组(n=20只),均行腹主动脉球囊内皮拉伤术.照射组内皮拉伤后行188Re血管内照射治疗,管腔下0.5 mm处累计吸收剂量为15 Gy;对照组则不行血管内照射.分别于术后1、3周处死动物,取病理组织学标本进行增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和凋亡细胞分析.结果:照射组第1、3周PCNA细胞阳性率分别为(27.69±7.04)%与(20.88±4.55)%,明显低于对照组(42.71±6.11)%、(29.48±10.13)%(P均＜0.05);照射组第3周平滑肌细胞凋亡细胞百分比为(40.16±7.93)%,明显高于对照组(28.50±9.39)%(P=0.018).结论:188Re血管内照射能抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖,促进血管平滑肌细胞凋亡,从而抑制新生内膜增生,减少PTCA术后再狭窄的发生.     

高压氧对冠状动脉支架术后患者C反应蛋白的影响

目的了解高压氧治疗对冠状动脉(冠脉)支架术后患者C反应蛋白(CRP)的影响.方法将64例首次接受冠脉内支架治疗的冠心病患者随机分为高压氧治疗组和对照组,比较治疗前后CRP的测定结果.结果高压氧组在治疗后CRP含量显著低于治疗前(P＜0.05),治疗后两组CRP差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);而治疗前两组的CRP差异无显著性(P＞0.05);对照组治疗前后CRP的差异也无显著性(P＞0.05).结论高压氧治疗可显著降低冠脉支架术后患者CRP的含量.