Clinical outcome following coronary angioplasty in dialysis patients: a case-control study in the era of coronary stenting

BACKGROUND—Balloon coronary angioplasty has been reported to be ineffective in patients treated for end stage renal disease because of a high restenosis rate.
OBJECTIVE—To compare the clinical outcome following coronary angioplasty with provisional stenting in dialysis versus non-dialysis patients.
DESIGN—A case-control study.
PATIENTS—Of 1428 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angioplasty, 100 (7%) were being treated for end stage renal disease. These were compared with 100 control patients matched for age, sex, coronary lesions, presence of diabetes mellitus, and rate of coronary stenting (40%).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES—In-hospital and one year clinical outcome.
RESULTS—The rates of procedural success (90% v 93%), in-hospital mortality (1% v 0%), stent thrombosis (0% v 0%), and Q wave myocardial infarction (0% v 1%) were similar in dialysis and non-dialysis patients. One year clinical outcome after coronary angioplasty was similar in the two groups in terms of clinical restenosis (31% v 28%) and myocardial infarction (6% v 2%), but cardiac death was more common in dialysed patients (11% v 2%, p < 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS—Dialysis does not increase the risk of clinical restenosis after coronary angioplasty with provisional stenting. Coronary angioplasty is a safe and effective therapeutic procedure in selected dialysis patients with culprit lesions accessible to stenting. However, the one year survival is reduced in this high risk population.


Keywords: renal disease; angioplasty; stents; restenosis     

冠状动脉药物洗脱支架置入术后再狭窄与胆红素和纤维蛋白原关系探讨

目的探讨冠状动脉药物洗脱支架术后支架内再狭窄与血清总胆红素(TB)和纤维蛋白原(Fib)的关系。方法收集PCI置入药物洗脱支架术后1年行冠状动脉造影随访的782例患者,分为再狭窄组130例和对照组652例。回顾性分析2组患者临床资料的差异。结果再狭窄组与无再狭窄组患者血清TB[(11.82±4.53)μmol/Lvs(12.95±5.06)μmol/L]、Fib[(3.04±0.65)g/L vs(2.83±0.60)g/L]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。支架内再狭窄与糖尿病(OR=1.763,95%CI:1.158².683)、Fib(OR=1.678,95%CI:1.2422.683)、Fib(OR=1.678,95%CI:1.242².266)呈正相关,与血清TB(OR=0.922,95%CI:0.8602.266)呈正相关,与血清TB(OR=0.922,95%CI:0.860⁰.988)、支架直径(OR=0.615,95%CI:0.4440.988)、支架直径(OR=0.615,95%CI:0.444⁰.850)呈负相关。结论糖尿病、Fib为支架内再狭窄的危险因素,支架直径和血清TB为支架内再狭窄保护因素。     

Inhibition of neo‐intimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries utilizing a novel paclitaxel‐coated scoring balloon catheter

Objective: Scoring balloons are particularly useful in the acute treatment of fibro‐calcific, bifurcation and in‐stent restenosis lesions but have not been shown to affect the restenosis rate. Conventional balloons coated with paclitaxel have recently been shown to reduce restenosis rates in certain lesion subsets, but are associated with suboptimal acute results. A novel paclitaxel‐coated scoring balloon was developed to overcome these limitations. Design: AngioSculpt^® scoring balloons (SB) were coated with paclitaxel admixed with a specific excipient. Setting and Interventions: Four in vitro and in vivo studies were performed: (a) loss of the drug during passage to the lesion, (b) transfer of the drug to the vessel wall; (c) inhibition of neo‐intimal proliferation in porcine coronary arteries as compared to uncoated SB and the Paccocath?, and (d) evaluation of the dose‐response to 1.5–12 μg of paclitaxel/mm². Main outcome measures and Results: Drug loss during delivery to the lesion was 17% ± 8%, and transfer to the vessel wall was 9% ± 4% of dose on unused balloons. The paclitaxel‐coated SB resulted in a lower late lumen loss of 0.27 ± 0.24 mm compared to 1.4 ± 0.7 mm with the uncoated SB (P = 0.001). Histomorphometry revealed larger luminal areas of 6.8 ± 1.6 mm² (paclitaxel‐coated SB) and 5.8 ± 1.7 mm² (Paccocath) as compared to the uncoated SB (2.3 ± 1.5 mm²; P = 0.001). No coating related adverse effects were observed on follow‐up angiography or histologic examination at the treatment site or downstream myocardium. Conclusion: A novel paclitaxel‐coated SB leads to a significant inhibition of neointimal proliferation in the porcine coronary model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Diagnosis and management of hepatic artery in-stent restenosis after liver transplantation by optical coherence tomography:A case report

BACKGROUND Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting represent an effective treatment for hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation. In the first year after stenting, approximately 22% of patients experience in-stent restenosis, increasing the risk of artery thrombosis and related complications, and 50% experience liver failure. Although angiography is an important tool for diagnosis and the planning of therapeutic interventions, it may raise doubts, especially in small-diameter arteries, and it provides low resolution rates compared with newer intravascular imaging methods, such as optical coherence tomography(OCT).CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old male developed hepatic artery stenosis one year after orthotropic liver transplantation and was successfully treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting. Five months later, the Doppler ultrasound results indicated restenosis. Visceral arteriography confirmed hepatic artery tortuosity but was doubtful for significant in-stent restenosis(ISR) and intrahepatic flow reduction. To confirm ISR, identify the etiology and guide treatment, OCT was performed. OCT showed severe stenosis due to four mechanisms: Focal and partial stent fracture, late stent malapposition, in-stent neointimal hyperplasia, and neoatherosclerosis.CONCLUSION Intravascular diagnostic methods can be useful in evaluating cases in which initial angiography results are not sufficient to provide a proper diagnosis of significant stenosis, especially with regard to ISR. A wide range of diagnoses are provided by OCT, resulting in different treatment options. Interventional radiologists should consider intravascular diagnostic methods as additional tools for evaluating patients when visceral angiography results are unclear.     

兔动脉粥样硬化血管成形术后再狭窄模型的建立与改良*

 目的：探讨建立兔动脉粥样硬化血管成形术后再狭窄模型的有效方法。方法：30只雄性新西兰大白兔,随机分成3组,即空白对照组、下肢动脉切开组及下肢动脉穿刺组,每组10只。空白对照组仅行高脂饲料喂养,另外2组高脂饲料喂养1周后行下肢动脉穿刺或切开行髂动脉内膜剥脱术,继续高脂饲料喂养4周,下肢动脉穿刺组再次穿刺股动脉行髂动脉球囊成形术,下肢动脉切开组经颈动脉切开行髂动脉球囊成形术。3组均普通饲料喂养4周,计算每天进食饲料量,采血化验血脂,取病变段血管行苏木精-伊红染色及图像工作站对血管造影结果行血管狭窄分析。结果：下肢动脉切开组进食饲料量减少,血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著低于对照组。3组动物均出现下肢动脉粥样硬化,其中下肢动脉穿刺组及下肢动脉切开组内膜显著增厚,管腔狭窄。动脉穿刺组与动脉切开组血管面积狭窄率及直径狭窄率与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.01)。结论：下肢动脉穿刺与球囊损伤、球囊血管成形术结合可成功建立兔动脉粥样硬化血管成形术后再狭窄模型,方法简单,可重复性强,较下肢动脉切开术更适合血管成形术后再狭窄模型的建立。     

C反应蛋白水平对冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的预测价值

目的探讨血清C反应蛋白(CRP)与冠状动脉支架内再狭窄(ISR)发生的关系,旨在提高ISR患者临床检出率。方法选择2010年1月~2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院急诊危重症中心收治的冠心病首次PCI患者3100例,PCI术后1年复查冠状动脉造影发现ISR患者430例(ISR组),未发现ISR患者2670例(无ISR组),比较2组一般临床资料及实验室化验指标,分析ISR发生的相关因素及与CRP的关系。结果ISR组出院时及随访时CRP水平明显高于无ISR组[17.1(1.1,26.9)mg/L vs 12.9(0.9,23.5)mg/L,P=0.034;15.2(0.7,23.9)mg/L vs 3.9(0.2,7.9)mg/L,P=0.001]。逐步多元回归分析显示,ST段抬高型心肌梗死、出院时及随访时血清CRP水平是预测冠心病支架置入术后ISR的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。随访时CRP的ROC曲线下面积为0.861(95%CI:0.815~0.907,P<0.01),截点值12.23 mg/L,敏感性80.5%,特异性77.9%;出院时CRP的ROC曲线下面积为0.637(95%CI:0.566~0.709,P<0.01)。结论冠状动脉ISR发生与出院时及随访时CRP水平密切相关,应用随访时CRP水平对ISR进行预测具有较高的敏感性和特异性。     

血管成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的临床疗效观察

目的探讨血管成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的临床疗效。方法纳入2010年9月—2013年6月南京卒中注册系统中经规范的内科治疗失败后,行血管成形术的症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者82例。其中9例行单纯球囊扩张术,73例行颅内支架置入术。发病至手术的中位时间为24.5 d。评估术后终点事件(术后≤30 d任何卒中、死亡及30 d责任血管供血区缺血性卒中或原狭窄处因再狭窄需要再次治疗)发生情况。影像学随访(CTA或DSA)再狭窄的发生率。结果 (1)82例中,手术成功率为92.7%(76例)。78例(95.1%)接受随访,失访4例。中位随访时间为22.5个月(四分位数:9,29个月)。10例发生终点事件,7例为缺血性卒中,1例为脑出血,2例为无症状重度再狭窄再次置入支架的患者。3例终点事件发生于术后≤30 d(均发生于术后≤24 h)。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,1、6、12、24个月累积终点事件发生率分别为3.7%、8.6%、11.0%、13.0%。(2)60例(73.2%)患者接受影像学(11例行CTA,49例行DSA)检查,其中17例(28.3%)发生再狭窄,症状性再狭窄的发生率为5.0%(3例),无症状的为23.3%(14例)。结论经综合评估、严格筛选后,血管成形术治疗内科治疗无效的症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者,安全性高,中、远期疗效满意。     

抑制内膜增生,任重而道远

对于动脉粥样硬化病变血管,诸如球囊血管成形术、支架植入及冠状动脉搭桥等血运重建术后的再狭窄仍是制约心血管介入治疗技术的最主要瓶颈之一。再狭窄主要由新生内膜增生和血管的缩窄性重构导致的结果,而新生内膜增生则是对血管损伤及低血流动力学状态下的一种血管性反应,包括一系列复杂的信号通路和生物效应过程,如炎症、血栓形成、血管平滑肌细胞增殖迁移等。因此,我们应该分阶段、多方向的预防再狭窄的发生。