降钙素基因相关肽对大鼠主动脉损伤后血管壁细胞增殖的影响

在球囊剥脱大鼠主动脉内皮造成的血管壁细胞过度增殖模型上．观察到用ＣＧＲＰ（８μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）治疗可有效地抑制血管壁细胞计数的增加，减轻其ＤＮＡ合成（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入反映）和蛋白质合成（３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕ参入反映）的增加程度．表现了明显的抗血管壁细胞增殖作用。实验结果提示：ＣＧＲＰ作为血管成型术的辅佐剂．对于防治再狭窄可能具有临床应用前景。     

Preserved endothelial vasomotion and fibrinolytic function in patients with acute stent thrombosis or in-stent restenosis

Introduction: Acute stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis are serious complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and may be associated with vascular or platelet abnormalities. We aimed to assess endothelium-dependent vasomotion, endogenous fibrinolysis and platelet function in patients with acute stent thrombosis or in-stent restenosis. Materials and methods: Thirty-six subjects were enrolled into four groups: acute stent thrombosis, in-stent restenosis, uncomplicated PCI with stent implantation and healthy matched controls. Forearm blood flow was measured using bilateral venous occlusion plethysmography during intra-brachial acetylcholine, substance P and sodium nitroprusside infusion. Venous blood samples were withdrawn for estimation of plasma fibrinolytic variables and platelet aggregometry. Results: Acetylcholine, substance P and sodium nitroprusside caused dose-dependent increases in blood flow (P<0.001) and substance P caused a dose-dependent increase in tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release (P<0.001) in all groups. Thrombin, collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the thromboxane A2 analogue, U46619, caused dose-dependent platelet aggregation (P<0.001) in all groups. There were no significant between group differences in these responses except that, in keeping with aspirin therapy, collagen-induced platelet aggregation was impaired in patient groups compared with healthy controls (P<0.01). Post-hoc analysis demonstrated a significant impairment of acute t-PA release in current smokers compared to non-smokers (P<0.05). Conclusions: Despite previous reports suggesting impaired vascular function, endothelium-dependent vasomotion, endogenous fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation do not appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of acute stent thrombosis or in-stent restenosis.     

Clinical and angiographic follow-up after long versus short stenting in unselected chronic coronary occlusions

BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the efficacy of long stenting for lesions in unselected chronic total occlusion (CTO). HYPOTHESIS: The study was undertaken to evaluate the angiographic restenosis and long-term clinical outcomes after long stent implantation in patients with CTO. METHODS: Our retrospective analysis includes a consecutive series of stent implantation in 220 patients with CTO. We compared angiographic restenosis, target lesion revascularization, and long-term clinical outcomes of short stenting (< 20 mm, Group 1, n = 113) with a concurrent series of long stenting (> or = 20 mm, Group 2, n = 107). RESULTS: Angiographic follow-up was obtained in 174 patients (79.5% of those eligible), and the rates of angiographic restenosis were 19.3% in Group 1 and 33.7% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, the postinterventional minimal lumen diameter was the only independent predictor of restenosis (odds ratio = 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.49, p < 0.01). The angiographic restenosis rate was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 in patients with final minimal lumen diameter < 3.0 mm (28.9 vs. 55.9%, respectively, p < 0.05). However, the angiographic restenosis rate was not significantly different between the two groups in patients with final minimal lumen diameter > or = 3 mm (12.0 vs. 19.2%, respectively, p = NS). During the follow-up (29.1 +/- 10.8 months), there was no difference between the two groups in death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: The use of long (> or = 20 mm) versus short (< 20 mm) stents in patients with CTO is associated with a higher angiographic restenosis rate, but there is an equivalent risk of restenosis in selected patients with relatively large-sized vessels.     

Cutting balloon angioplasty for treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis: immediate results and 6-month outcomes

目的　研究切割球囊对支架内再狭窄的即刻和 6个月内随访效果。方法　 6 9例支架内再狭窄患者随机分配到切割球囊和普通球囊治疗组。切割球囊组 38例。球囊扩张前及扩张后即刻在定量冠状动脉造影和冠状动脉内超声下 ,测定相关参数。随访 6个月内临床改善及冠状动脉造影结果。研究终点包括出现心肌梗塞 ,需要冠状动脉搭桥或再介入治疗。结果　两组的手术成功率为 10 0 %。切割球囊组 1例患者扩张后在支架的远端出现夹层。平均随访 6 7± 2 3月。切割球囊组于术后 3和 6个月时的再狭窄率显著低于普通球囊组 (15 %VS 38%及 18%VS 4 3%,P均小于0 0 0 1)。扩张后即刻血管直径获得值在切割球囊组和普通球囊组分别为 1 72± 0 5 2mm和 1 15± 0 5 4mm ,而随访终点时切割球囊组的血管直径晚期丢失为 0 2 6± 0 0 5mm(3个月 )及 0 38± 0 0 6mm ,同时的普通球囊组丢失值为 0 78± 0 19mm(3个月 )及 0 89± 0 16mm。对于支架体部狭窄 ,普通球囊难以固定 ,扩张时移动明显 ,而切割球囊较易于固定 ,扩张时罕见移动。结论　切割球囊治疗支架内再狭窄效果可靠 ,安全 ,容易操作。再狭窄率低 ,手术费用相对易于患者接受 ,是一个较有前途的治疗手段。     

冠状动脉支架及其可降解高分子应用的研究进展

综述了近年来针对支架手术中再狭窄而采用的几种金属支架表面改性的方法与可降解医用高分子支架的发展、研究现状,其中包括对目前常用的可降解材料--聚乳酸进行了概述,以及应用有限元方法对可降解支架的支撑力进行的初步探索.     

中药整合调控干预冠心病介入治疗后再狭窄——从自然辩证法的平衡观谈再狭窄的预防

冠心病介入治疗以其无需开胸而获血运重建之效，目前已成为治疗该病的主要有效方法。但术后再狭窄率较高，成为限制其远期疗效的主要因素。到目前为止，尚没有一种药物被临床普遍证实具有肯定的预防再狭窄形成的作用。结合自然辩证法的平衡观，作者提出动脉损伤后修复失衡是冠心病介入治疗后再狭窄与否的关键所在。并根据机体调控能力下降与中医“证”的内在联系，认为中药可通过多靶点、多途径整合调控作用，恢复动脉损伤后自身的调节能力。使血管的修复趋于动态平衡状态，从而发挥预防再狭窄的作用。     

One-year clinical outcomes of Chinese sirolimus-eluting stent in the treatment of unselected patients with coronary artery disease

The application of drug-eluting stent （DES）, either sirolimus-eluting stent （Cypher, Cordis, USA） or paclitaxel-eluting stent （Taxus, Boston Scientific, USA）, in treatment of patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） has achieved great success. The high cost of imported DES （either Cypher or Taxus） gave the birth to a China-made, polymer-based, sirolimus-eluting stent （Firebird, Microport Company,     

犬颈动脉内皮损伤后胰岛素样生长因子-1与增殖细胞核抗原的动态变化

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)在犬颈动脉球囊损伤后血管再狭窄形成中的作用.方法 采用ELISA法检测IGF-1在犬颈动脉球囊损伤后血管狭窄形成过程中表达的动态变化,同时采用免疫组化检测目标血管的PCNA变化规律,结合影像学测量方法观察犬颈动脉狭窄的形成过程.结果 IGF-1的释放在球囊血管成形术后4-6 h[(平均值(942.55±44.13)ng/ml、(1073.09±87.73)ng/ml]启动,到术后12h[平均值(1468.35±101.85)ng/ml]达到峰值,至术后72 h[平均值(1405.64±85.09)ng/ml]维持高水平释放;犬颈动脉球囊损伤后4周内即发生血管增生性变化,PCNA阳性细胞数于术后4周达到峰值[平均值(61.60±1.96)个,视野],至术后8周左右血管狭窄形成.结论 IGF-1表达增强与颈动脉内皮损伤后血管增生性变化有关,为较理想的血管成形术后动脉狭窄发生的启动信息,PCNA表达增强反映血管内皮增殖高峰在颈动脉内皮损伤后4周.     

血管再狭窄的分子生物学研究进展

目的了解血管再狭窄分子生物学研究进展。方法对国内、外有关血管再狭窄分子生物学研究的文献进行综述。结果各种基因转移方法有一定的优点，亦有一定的缺点，但都不够理想。细胞毒素基因胸腺嘧啶核苷酸，抑癌基因突变型视网膜母细胞瘤基因蛋白，周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制因子p21、p27和p53，反义核酸c-myc和c-myb，血管内皮细胞生长因子，反义碱性成纤维生长因子，血小板衍化生长因子，增加一氧化氮的合成、抑制平滑肌细胞的细胞核因子κB，促进Gax和Fas配体表达等基因治疗可明显抑制血管再狭窄。结论构建一种更好的基因转移体系以及多基因、多环节的联合基因治疗血管再狭窄是今后的发展方向。     

Stent-based delivery of triptolide reduces neointimal formation in rabbit iliac arteries

The long-term clinical efficacy of intracoronary stenting is limited by restenosis, which occurs in 15% to 30% of patients.^1 In-stent restenosis is solely due to neointimal hyperplasia. Stent-based delivery of sirolimus, which inhibits intimal proliferation by blocking the G1/S transition, has been successfully used to prevent in-stent restenosis in clinical practice. Previous studies have shown that triptolide inhibited the DNA synthesis of vascular smooth muscle cells by blocking the transition from G0/G1 to S phase,^2