维生素A、D、E对0~3岁反复呼吸道感染患儿治疗效果的影响和社区卫生服务干预措施分析

目的探讨维生素A、D、E对0~3岁反复呼吸道感染患儿治疗效果的影响,并分析社区卫生服务对疾病防治的相关干预措施。方法选取2018年2月至2019年2月在该院儿科就诊的125例反复呼吸道感染患儿为观察组;将同期体检身体健康的150例儿童设为对照组。检测所有研究对象血清维生素A、25-羟基维生素D 3[25(OH)D 3]、维生素E水平,比较两组维生素水平是否存在差异。将观察组中接受常规治疗的患儿设为A组,将接受常规联合维生素治疗的患儿设为B组,比较两组治疗效果。总结儿童反复呼吸道感染防治的社区卫生服务干预措施。结果观察组患儿血清维生素A、25(OH)D 3、维生素E水平均低于对照组健康儿童,维生素缺乏率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经积极抗感染等对症治疗,A组与B组患儿血清免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)水平均有所提高,B组3种免疫球蛋白水平高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组患儿发热、咳嗽、扁桃体肿大及肺部啰音症状消失时间均短于A组,不良反应发生率、复发率低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论0~3岁低龄患儿反复呼吸道感染发生率较高,维生素A、D、E缺乏是导致患儿发生反复呼吸道感染的重要原因,常规抗感染同时补充维生素可提高治疗效果,社区卫生服务工作需加强低龄儿童营养状况监测,及时补充维生素A、D、E以提高儿童免疫力,预防呼吸道感染的发生。     

鼻孔交替呼吸护理法对老年脑卒中合并原发性失眠患者睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨鼻孔交替呼吸护理法对老年脑卒中合并原发性失眠患者睡眠质量的影响。方法选取2018年1月至2019年6月收入我院治疗的60例老年脑卒中合并原发性失眠患者为研究对象,随机将其均分为对照组与研究组,对照组实施常规护理,研究组在此基础上加以鼻孔交替呼吸法护理,比较两组睡眠结构参数以及睡眠质量。结果研究组总睡眠时间(TST)、睡眠潜伏期(SL)、快速眼球运动潜伏期(REMSL)、睡眠效率均优于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组入睡时间>30 min、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能、匹斯堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分均高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼻孔交替呼吸护理法的实施,可有效改善老年脑卒中合并原发性失眠患者睡眠结构参数,提高睡眠质量,有利于疾病预后,值得临床借鉴。     

呼吸训练对胃食管反流病抗反流屏障效果的Meta分析

[目的]探讨呼吸训练对胃食管反流病对抗反流屏障的效果。[方法]系统检索中英文数据库中有关呼吸训练对胃食管反流病病人干预效果的随机对照试验研究,使用软件RevMan5.3对数据进行Meta分析。[结果]共纳入10篇文献,样本量475例。分析结果显示,呼吸训练加强胃食管交界处膈肌压力[SMD=1.35,95%CI(0.87,1.83),P<0.000 01],延缓食管酸暴露[RR=7.43,95%CI(1.88,29.46),P=0.004],缓解其反流症状[SMD=-0.36,95%CI(-0.66,-0.05),P=0.02],减轻病人焦虑情绪[MD=-2.06,95%CI(-3.65,-0.56),P=0.007],提高病人与健康相关的生活质量[MD=1.37,95%CI(0.65,2.09),P=0.000 2],但对其抑郁情绪无影响。[结论]对胃食管反流病病人采取呼吸训练干预,有效提高胃食管反流病病人的抗反流屏障功能。但由于涉及本研究评价指标的纳入研究数量较少且部分评价指标间存在异质性,故未来仍需要更多多中心、高质量、大样本的研究对结果进行验证。     

重症患儿过渡期护理的临床实践与研究进展

对过渡期护理的概念、重症患儿实施过渡期护理干预的重要性、过渡期护理干预模式、实施效果与评价指标等内容进行综述,为我国在重症监护病房开展过渡期护理干预研究提供良好的理论支持和经验借鉴。     

Transitional Percentage of Minute Volume as a Novel Predictor of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure

PurposeSome patients with respiratory failure fail initial weaning attempts and need prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV). Prolonged MV is associated with many complications and consumption of heathcare resources. Objective weaning indices help staffs to identify high-potential patients for weaning from the MV. Traditional weaning indices are not reliable in clinical practice. Transitional percentage of minute volume (TMV%) is a new index of the work of breathing. This study aimed to investigate the utility of TMV% in the prediction of weaning potential.MethodsThis study was prospectively performed including all patients with prolonged MV. Researchers recorded their demographics, TMV%, respiratory parameters, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and laboratory data upon arrival at the respiratory care center. The factors associated with successful weaning were analyzed.ResultsOut of the 120 patients included, 84 (70.0%) were successfully weaned from MV. Traditional weaning indices such as rapid shallow breathing index could not predict the weaning outcome. TMV% was a valuable parameter as patients with a lower TMV%, higher tidal volume, higher hemoglobin, lower blood urea nitrogen, and lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores had a higher rate of successful weaning. TMV%, tidal volume, and HCO3^- levels were independent predictors of successful weaning, and the area under the curve was .79 in the logistic regression model.ConclusionTMV% is a novel and effective predictor of successful weaning. Patients with lower TMV% had a higher MV weaning outcome. Once patients with a high potential for successful weaning are identified, they should be aggressively weaned from MV as soon as possible.Clinical Trials Government IdentifierNCT033480.     

儿童反复呼吸道感染的影响因素

反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)是儿科临床常见病,主要包括反复上呼吸道感染和反复下呼吸道感染,严重影响着患儿的身体健康。近年来儿童RRTI的发病率呈上升趋势,导致RRTI的因素很多,主要与维生素的缺乏、微量元素的缺乏以及免疫功能低下等有关。本文总结了临床上RRTI的影响因素,为RRTI的临床诊断和治疗提供了理论依据。     

清气化痰汤加减治疗老年COPD急性加重期并2型呼吸衰竭的效果

目的探讨清气化痰汤加减治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期并2型呼吸衰竭的效果。方法将88例老年COPD急性加重期并2型呼吸衰竭患者随机分为对照组与研究组,每组44例。对照组予以常规治疗,研究组予以常规治疗+清气化痰汤加减治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后,两组T、WA、WA%、中医症状评分均降低,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论清气化痰汤加减治疗老年COPD急性加重期并2型呼吸衰竭,可抑制气道重塑,改善临床症状,提高疗效。     

Myasthenia Gravis Presenting with Myasthenic Crisis Mimicking Status Asthmatics

A 23-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital due to exacerbating dyspnea with wheeze. After admission, we started mechanical ventilation immediately, and she was diagnosed with status asthmatics. On the following day, she was able to be weaned from the ventilator. However, she required re-intubation because of an unstable respiratory condition just after extubation. Detailed neurological investigations identified blepharoptosis and muscle weakness with easy fatigability. An edrophonium test was positive. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody was detected in her serum. She was finally diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and successfully treated with neostigmine and a low-dose corticosteroid.