新型移动智能拓展检查检验医疗方舱的研究

研究适应医疗救援及体检的新型智能拓展医疗方舱,建立快速高效新型检查检验移动平台。该医疗方舱采用商用车二类底盘,合理布局大扩展方舱,满足X线、超声、心电、生化及体液检查,可满足各类检查检验的要求。新型移动智能拓展检查检验方舱具有功能齐全、布局合理、适应能力强、机动性能强的特点,可以满足医疗体检及救援需要,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Novelty exposure overcomes foot shock-induced spatial-memory impairment by processes of synaptic-tagging in rats

Novelty processing can transform short-term into long-term memory. We propose that this memory-reinforcing effect of novelty could be explained by mechanisms outlined in the "synaptic tagging hypothesis." Initial short-term memory is sustained by a transient plasticity change at activated synapses and sets synaptic tags. These tags are later able to capture and process the plasticity-related proteins (PRPs), which are required to transform a short-term synaptic change into a long-term one. Novelty is involved in inducing the synthesis of PRPs [Moncada D, et al. (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:12937-12936], which are then captured by the tagged synapses, consolidating memory. In contrast to novelty, stress can impair learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we address questions as to whether novelty-induced PRPs are able to prevent the loss of memory caused by stress and if the latter would not interact with the tag-setting process. We used water-maze (WM) training as a spatial learning paradigm to test our hypothesis. Stress was induced by a strong foot shock (FS; 5 × 1 mA, 2 s) applied 5 min after WM training. Our data show that FS reduced long-term but not short-term memory in the WM paradigm. This negative effect on memory consolidation was time- and training-dependent. Interestingly, novelty exposure prevented the stress-induced memory loss of the spatial task and increased BDNF and Arc expression. This rescuing effect was blocked by anisomycin, suggesting that WM-tagged synapses were not reset by FS and were thus able to capture the novelty-induced PRPs, re-establishing FS-impaired long-term memory.     

The effect of long-term conventional physical therapy and independent predictive factors analysis in children with cerebral palsy

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of long-term conventional physical therapy (PT) on cerebral palsy (CP) children and to identify the predictors of therapy's response.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of CP children treated with PT, and their motor function was assessed every 3 months between 2008 and 2011.

Results: Fifty-six children with a mean age of 4.2?±?2.8 years, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) levels were level I (n?=?14), level II (n?=?20), level III (n?=?5), level IV (n?=?8), and level V (n?=?9). In the generalized estimating equations model, there was a significant improvement in the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) score (p?<?0.001); the improvement was different in five GMFCS levels (p?<?0.001) and GMFCS level II had faster progression. The younger CP children had better PT efficacy, and the GMFM-66 score continued improving until 8.4 years old in the older group.

Conclusion: The long-term conventional PT is effective even in older CP children, and PT was most efficient in younger children and GMFCS level II     

2011年全国寄生虫病防治技术竞赛成绩分析报告:蠕虫检测能力分析

目的通过竞赛了解当前我国各级疾控机构寄生虫病防治专业人员的蠕虫检测能力,从而推动各级疾控机构的能力建设。方法2011年9月以省(区、市)为单位,每省选送各级疾控机构的在职专业技术人员4名(年龄<45周岁,县级不少于2名)。竞赛内容包括粪便标本改良加藤厚涂片制作(每参赛选手30 min内制作完成5张涂片;计满分为15分,9分为及格)和11种常见蠕虫卵镜检鉴别(每张标本片含1种或1种以上蠕虫卵;镜检10张,每张5 min;计满分为60分,36分为及格)。结果来自30个省(市、区)的119名参赛选手中,改良加藤厚涂片制片成绩,平均为11.4分,及格者111人,占93.3%;11种常见蠕虫卵镜检读片成绩,平均为22.0分,及格者20人,占16.8%。不同性别、年龄(≤30岁、31~40岁和>40岁)、专业技术职称(初级、中级和高级)、来源单位的级别(省级、市级和县级)的参赛人员制片和镜检成绩的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。来自有血吸虫病防治任务省份的参赛选手的制片(12.1±1.7)、镜检读片(32.1±11.5)成绩均好于没有血吸虫病防治任务的省份(11.1±1.8和18.1±10.5);西部地区参赛选手的镜检读片成绩(18.4±11.4)均低于东部(25.2±12.4)和中部(24.1±13.1)。结论我国寄生虫病防治机构的病原检测能力总体水平发展不均衡,仅部分地区检测能力较强,有待进一步的加强和提高。     

含加替沙星的四联方案补救治疗幽门螺杆菌的临床观察

[目的]分析含加替沙星的四联疗法补救初次根除治疗幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori,Hp)失败的有效性和安全性.[方法]将133例Hp感染初次根除失败患者随机分为治疗组71例,对照组62例.治疗组给予加替沙星、呋喃唑酮、果胶铋、兰索拉唑治疗,对照组给予甲硝唑、呋喃唑酮、果胶铋、兰索拉唑治疗,疗程均为10 d.停药4周后复查Hp,分析Hp的根除率及不良反应发生率.[结果]治疗组、对照组Hp根除率分别为91.18％、81.67％ (P＜0.05).不良反应发生率治疗组为13.23％,对照组为21.67％,2组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]含加替沙星的四联方案是治疗Hp初次根除失败后的一种安全、有效的补救治疗方案.     

单孔腹腔镜技术操作技巧的临床体会

目的:探讨单孔腹腔镜手术的操作技巧。方法:回顾分析2011年1月至2013年1月为189例患者行单孔腹腔镜手术的临床资料。其中单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术160例、阑尾切除术12例、脾脏切除术7例、切口疝修补术5例、腹股沟斜疝修补术3例、胃癌根治术1例、胰十二指肠切除术1例。结果:本组中1例胆囊切除患者术中胆道损伤,予以放置支架管,一期胆道修复,余均无医源性损伤。术后胆囊切除术患者发生迟发性胆漏1例,经穿刺引流后治愈,余均无发热、腹腔积液发生,患者恢复顺利,痊愈出院。住院4¹5 d。术后随访115 d。术后随访1²3个月,无黄疸、腹部不适等症状。结论:理性的外科操作理念、精准的细节操作、扶镜手与术者的巧妙配合是保证单孔腹腔镜手术顺利进行的关键技巧。     

Surgical outcomes in steroid refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis: the impact of rescue therapy

Aim The advent of rescue medical therapy (cyclosporin or infliximab) and laparoscopic surgery has shifted the paradigm in managing steroid refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). We investigated prospectively the impact of rescue therapy on timing and postoperative complications of urgent colectomy and subsequent restorative surgery for steroid refractory ASUC. Method All consecutive presentations of steroid refractory ASUC at the Royal Brisbane Hospital (1996–2009) were entered in the study. Data collated included demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters on admission, medical therapy and operative and postoperative details. Steroid refractory ASUC patients undergoing immediate colectomy were compared with those failing rescue therapy and requiring same admission colectomy. Results Of 108 steroid refractory ASUC presentations, 19 (18%) received intravenous steroids only and proceeded directly to colectomy. Rescue medical therapy was instituted in 89 (82%) patients with 30 (34%) failing to respond and proceeding to colectomy. There was no significant difference in the median time from admission to colectomy for rescue therapy compared with steroid‐only cases (12 vs 10 days, P = 0.70) or 30‐day complication rates (27%vs 47%, P = 0.22). The interval from colectomy to a subsequent restorative procedure was significantly longer for patients who failed rescue therapy (12 vs 5 months, P = 0.02). Furthermore 30‐day complications following pouch surgery were significantly higher in patients who failed rescue therapy (32%vs 0%, P = 0.01). Conclusion Rescue therapy in steroid refractory ASUC is not related to delay in urgent colectomy or increased post‐colectomy complications.     

Direct observation of procedural skills to improve validity of students' measurement of prostate volume in predicting treatment outcomes

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether using the direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) tool improves the accuracy of students’ performance for clinical skill assessment.Materials and MethodsOutcome- and clinical-based evidence results were analyzed for prostate size measurement for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), including digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Patients were stratified into three clinical groups based on the results of DRE and TRUS. Clinical outcomes were correlated between DRE and TRUS for prostate size. We designed a DOPS study in a clinical setting with actual patients in which DRE and TRUS results for prostate volume measurement were compared in order to determine their correlation.ResultsThe DRE of patients with mild, moderate, and severe BPH showed prostate size variations. The correlation between DRE and TRUS showed that DRE underestimated prostate size in the severe hyperplasia group (>60 mL) and was more accurate in the moderate hyperplasia group (40–60 mL). The implementation of DOPS for prostate size measurement improved students' self-assessed communication and counseling skills. The study results show that the DOPS tool improved students' prostate measurement techniques and skills (Cronbach's α > 0.70).ConclusionWe demonstrated that students’ clinical skills for the measurement of prostate size improved after the implementation of the DOPS tool in DRE to determine prostate size accurately in the clinical teaching program. Clinicians can enhance clinical skills education in certain circumstances with strategic incorporation of tools for direct observation into medical student training programs. By using the DOPS scoring system and reviewing faculty feedback, trainees can improve their accuracy of prostate size measurements.     

Gross motor skill performance in children with and without visual impairments—Research to practice

The aim of this study was to provide an empirical basis for teaching gross motor skills in children with visual impairments. For this purpose, gross motor skill performance of 23, 6–12 year old, boys and girls who are blind (ICD-10 H54.0) and 28 sighted controls with comparable age and gender characteristics was compared on six locomotor and six object control tasks using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition. Results indicate that children who are blind perform significantly (p < .05) worse in all assessed locomotor and object control skills, whereby running, leaping, kicking and catching are the most affected skills, and corresponding differences are related to most running, leaping, kicking and catching component. Practical implications are provided.