Immune deviation and the hygiene hypothesis: A review of the epidemiological evidence

The epidemiological evidence for the proposal that early life immune deviation is the principal mechanism by which microbial agents prevent the development of atopy has been reviewed. Seven criteria are proposed which should ideally be fulfilled. The majority of studies only fulfill two or three criteria. For mycobacteria, measles and respiratory viruses there are studies that demonstrate a significant increase in atopy or allergic disease. Parasite infections, which provide a strong TH2 stimulus, are associated with reduced rather than enhanced allergen sensitization. The available epidemiological evidence does not provide support for a mechanism of early life immune deviation. The principal environmental influences on atopic disease are likely to occur throughout life and involve interactions between microbes and other non-infective and lifestyle factors.     

HPLC法测定利肝隆冲剂中五味子醇甲的含量

目的：修订利肝隆冲剂的质量标准。方法：用HPLC法测定五味子醇甲的含量。结果：五味子醇甲在0.08-1.20μg范围内呈良好的线性关系，r=0.9991，平均回收率99．3％，RSD为1．1％。结论：所建立的方法简便可行，重现性好，为利肝隆冲剂质量控制提供了方法。     

注射用通脉灵质量标准研究

目的：对注射用通脉灵进行质量标准的研究。方法：采用薄层层析法对处方中药材进行了定性鉴别，并采用分光光度法对总黄酮进行了含量测定，采用比色法对总皂苷进行了含量测定。结果：薄层色谱分离效果好，两种方法回收率RSD均小于3％。结论：该方法较简单，重现性好，可作该制剂质量控制标准。     

降浊健美颗粒质量标准研究

目的：建立降浊健美颗粒的质量标准。方法：对山楂、火麻仁、陈皮进行了薄层鉴别；用HPLC法测定了降浊健美颗粒中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量。结果：厚朴酚平均回收率为98．2％，RSD为2．35％；和厚朴酚平均回收率为98．9％，RSD为2．7％。结论：方法简便、准确、重复性好，可用于控制该制剂的质量。     

冬虫夏草对巨噬细胞免疫活性的增强作用

 目的:检测冬虫夏草对巨噬细胞免疫活性的影响，探讨其滋补强身作用机理。方法:未用不同浓度虫草水提液与J774巨噬细胞一起作细胞培养，观察细胞吞噬活性的变异情况。结果:细胞吞噬活性明显增强。在药物浓度100μ g·ml^-1到3 000μg·ml^-1范围内都有显著增强效果(P<0.05)。分别增强1.27倍到2. 58倍，峰值在500μg·ml^-1结论:增强机体免疫功能，可能在虫草的滋补强身作用机制中起重要作用。     

肌松胶囊的制备工艺及质量研究

对肌松胶囊的制备工艺及质量标准进行了研究，为保证制剂的临床疗效，控制制剂的质量提供了实验依据     

Survival of colorectal cancer patients in Europe during the period 1978–1989

This study concerns the survival of European patients diagnosed between 1978 and 1989 with colorectal cancer. Variations in survival in relation to age, country and period of diagnosis were examined. Data from the EUROCARE study were supplied by population-based cancer registries in 17 countries to a common protocol. Five years after diagnosis, relative survival rates were 47 and 43% for cancers of the colon and rectum, respectively. Survival decreased with increasing age: the relative risk of dying for the oldest patients (75+) was 1.39 for rectum and 1.54 for colon compared with the youngest patients (15-44 years). In 1985-1989 survival from colorectal cancer differed significantly between different European countries: the Nordic countries (Denmark excluded), The Netherlands, Switzerland, France and Austria were characterised by high survival, whilst Eastern European countries, the U.K. and Denmark were characterised by low survival. There was a general improvement in survival over the period 1978-1989: from 40 to 48% for colon cancer and 38 to 46% for rectal cancer. For neither cancer site did between-country survival differences narrow over the study period. Intercountry and time differences in survival differences are probably related to stage at diagnosis and postoperative mortality.     

康媛颗粒质量标准研究

目的:为更好的控制康媛颗粒的质量。方法:采用薄层色谱法对当归、白芍和黄芪进行定性鉴别。采用高效液相色谱法对芍药菩进行含量测定,色谱柱为:Phenomenex Prodjgy ODS-3(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);流动相为:0.05mol/L 瞵酸二氢钾—乙腈(75:15);检测波长为230nm。结果:当归、白芍和黄芪的定性鉴别,阴性无干扰,斑点清晰,分离度良好。芍药苷在0.49—4.89μg 范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为98.6%,RSD=0.97%。结论:方法简便,准确,重现性良好,可用于康媛颗粒的质量控制。     

替米沙坦片在健康人体的药代动力学和相对生物利用度

目的研究国产和进口替米沙坦片在健康人体的药代动力学并评价2制剂的生物等效性。方法20名健康志愿者单次、交叉口服替米沙坦片80mg后,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血浆替米沙坦浓度。用3P97药代动力学软件计算药代动力学参数。结果2种替米沙坦片在健康志愿者体内的药-时曲线均符合二室模型,2种制剂的主要药代动力学参数:Cmax分别为(944.71±376.08),(852.72±333.78)ng·mL-1;tmax分别为(0.98±0.60),(1.28±0.65)h;t1/2β分别为(28.78±13.88),(25.83±9.25)h;AUC0-t分别为(4.14±2.44),(3.83±1.97)mg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞分别为(4.64±2.84),(4.17±2.22)mg·h·L-1。国产对进口制剂的平均相对生物利用度F0-t为(99.64±23.93)%,F0-∞为(97.97±26.20)%。结论国产和进口替米沙坦片剂为生物等效制剂。     

医学气象学与SARS流行的相关性研究

目的从医学气象学角度探讨SARS流行与气象因素的相关性。方法以SARS高发区广州、北京为例,通过网络、报刊等媒介获取两地在SARS流行前后的相关气象因子(日最高温度、日最低温度、相对湿度)及SARS疫情报告,运用EXCEL2000及相关矩阵法统计分析气象因子与SARS流行的关系,并从医学气象学角度对其相关性作出探讨。结果①SARS在12.8～23.5℃发病率最高,且与最高温度呈负相关。②SARS发病与最低温度呈负相关,高发前期有明显的降温过程。③广州的相对湿度较北京高,但与SARS的流行相关性不大。④2001年冬平均气温高于往年。结论①相对湿度较大有利于SARS的发生。②SARS发生于温热天气,气温波动有助于其流行。③气候异常变化是SARS发生的诱因。