从科技期刊出版源头推进开放科学运动——TOP Factor的产生及影响

【目的】 研究以开放透明为导向的新一代期刊评价体系TOP Factor的来源及应用,为我国科技期刊界参与并推动开放科学运动提供参考。【方法】 利用网络调研法、文献调研法及数据分析法,探究TOP Factor的产生背景及340余种期刊的得分情况。【结果】 TOP Factor的产生主要归因于学术界已认识到影响因子评价体系存在漏洞,需要建立一套可以客观反映期刊发表内容质量,提高研究透明度和再现性的严谨、透明的期刊评价体系。TOP Factor共有10项指标,每项指标分为0~3分4个等级,目前已进行评估的期刊中心理学领域的期刊得分较高。【结论】 开放透明已成为今后学术出版的大趋势,TOP Factor是从出版源头推进开放科学,随着其在促进数据开放共享、提高学术成果可重复性方面的优势逐渐突显,使用TOP Factor的期刊和出版商将会越来越多。我国科技期刊应重视这一趋势并积极制定与开放科学相关的期刊政策,努力打造开放透明的学术生态。     

计算机科学领域期刊从顶级会议争取优质稿源实战

【目的】 针对计算机科学领域会强刊弱、期刊优质稿源不足的现状,探索本领域学术期刊借鉴会议成功经验的发展之道。【方法】 结合Science China Information Sciences的实践,梳理顶级会议专题的组织流程,包括特约编辑的甄选、投稿主题和征稿时间的选择、编辑在组织和出版过程中的重要工作,以及多渠道的宣传推广措施,并分析专题产生的影响。【结果】 通过合理的组织和宣传,顶级会议专题获得了广泛的关注和较高的被引频次,并激发了作者向期刊相关学科投稿的热情。【结论】 借鉴会议成功经验弥补期刊在评审、出版和交流方面的不足,从顶级会议争取优质稿源是计算机科学领域期刊提升学术水平和国际影响力的有效途径。     

嘎木朱尔涂膜剂的毒性试验研究

目的：为使嘎木朱尔涂膜剂的临床用药安全、合理,而对其毒性作用进行了考察。方法：将嘎木朱尔涂膜剂分为高、中、低三个剂量组（按其浓度为0．172g/ml,0.086g/ml,0.043g/ml）给药,用于家兔皮肤,同时做空白基质对照,测定其涂膜剂对家兔皮肤的急性毒性、长期毒性试验。结果：各给药剂量组和空白基质对照组对家兔的体重增长,脏器系数（g/ml）、血液常规,生物化学等项指标的测定均无显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：嘎木朱尔涂膜剂用于家兔皮肤无毒并能加快受损皮肤的愈合。     

医学是什么？—对现代医学归属的思考

什么是医学,从人的属性的多元化,医学的整体化、综合化发展趋势,以及现代医学与人文社会医学和艺术的密切关系,认为现代医学不应该属于自然科学;从医学的本质和人文社会医学的局限性来看,现代医学也不可能属于人文社会科学。提出：为了使生物医学和人文社会医学更好地交叉、融合,协调发展,从而达到医学的目的,完成医学所面临的任务,现代医学应该属于与自然科学和人文社会科学平行的,能独立发展又能相互渗透的科学领域。     

弘扬科学精神，抵制伪科学对中医的侵害

从科学与伪科学的分界标准出发,探讨了伪科学在中医药领域的具体表现形式,分析了中医伪科学产生的认识、文化、社会和心理根源,并提出了抵御与消除中医伪科学的具体措施。认为弘扬科学精神,特别是倡导科学的理性、敬业、求实、怀疑和批判的精神是抵制中医伪科学的根本。     

Technique for Rapid Hand Transplant Donor Procurement Through the Elbow

Background: Hand and distal forearm allotransplantation has advanced over the last 20 years from experimental to a viable treatment option for bilateral upper extremity amputation. Despite widespread growth of this field, there are few technical reports that elaborate the details of donor arm procurement. This article details a technique for rapid donor procurement through the elbow for mid to distal forearm-level hand allograft procurement. Methods: Nine arm procurements were performed on deceased tissue-only donors provided by the local organ procurement organization, including two bilateral and five unilateral cases. Technique highlights include using a fishmouth incision through the lateral and medical epicondyles, identification of the neurovascular structures, and disarticulating the elbow joint. Results: Procuring through the elbow provides straightforward anatomy, bypasses the need to cut through bone, and allows tissue allotransplantation teams to achieve procurement, flushing, and packaging within 20 minutes. Conclusions: Procurement through the elbow is a simple procedure that streamlines the process for multi-organ donors by minimizing the time needed for hand allograft procurement. Team coordination and surgical rehearsals are essential for successful hand and upper extremity procurement and allotransplantation.     

Comparing 3 Suture Techniques After Muscle Laceration Repair

Background: Skeletal muscle lacerations are a relatively common injury. Compared with nonrepaired lacerations, surgically repaired muscle lacerations regenerate faster, develop less scar tissue, have a higher return to baseline strength, and have lower incidence of hematomas. Despite the benefits of repair, the optimal repair technique is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical properties of common muscle repair techniques to determine the optimal repair. Methods: Forty-two fusiform porcine muscle specimens were dissected and used for this study. Three suture techniques were used for comparative analysis: Figure-eight, Mason Allen, and Perimeter. Each muscle was transected and then repaired using one of the 3 techniques. Fourteen muscle-tendon specimens were prepared for each group and tested for tensile failure using a material testing system. Biomechanical properties, including peak failure point and stiffness, were compared for differences between the suture groups by 1-way analysis of variance. The average time per repair technique was also recorded. Results: The Perimeter technique showed a statistically significant higher peak failure point than the Mason Allen technique (P = .03). Both the Figure-eight (P = .047) and Perimeter techniques (P < .001) were significantly stiffer than the Mason Allen technique. The repair time was comparable across all 3 techniques. Conclusions: The Figure-eight and Perimeter repairs were found to be similar in peak failure point and stiffness, whereas the Mason Allen technique showed significantly lower stiffness and peak failure point. The Figure-eight was the quickest repair to perform. The Figure-eight technique may be strongly considered for muscle laceration repairs due to its simplicity and efficiency.     

Impact of donor extracellular vesicle release on recipient cell “cross-dressing” following clinical liver and kidney transplantation

In several murine models of transplantation, the “cross-dressing” of recipient antigen presenting cells (APCs) with intact donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) derived from allograft-released small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) has been recently described as a key mechanism in eliciting and sustaining alloimmune responses. Investigation of these processes in clinical organ transplantation has, however, been hampered by the lack of sensitivity of conventional instruments and assays. We have employed advanced imaging flow cytometry (iFCM) to explore the kinetics of allograft sEV release and the extent to which donor sEVs might induce cross-dressing following liver and kidney transplantation. We report for the first time that recipient APC cross-dressing can be transiently detected in the circulation shortly after liver, but not kidney, transplantation in association with the release of HLA-bearing allograft-derived sEVs. In liver transplant recipients the majority of circulating cells exhibiting donor HLA are indeed cross-dressed cells and not passenger leukocytes. In keeping with experimental animal data, the downstream functional consequences of the transfer of circulating sEVs harvested from human transplant recipients varies depending on the type of transplant and time posttransplant. sEVs released shortly after liver, but not kidney, transplantation exhibit immunoinhibitory effects that could influence liver allograft immunogenicity.