影响何首乌嫩枝扦插生根的因素

目的探讨影响何首乌嫩枝扦插生根的因素。方法以野生何首乌嫩枝为材料，研究植物生长调节剂种类及浓度、扦插基质等处理对何首乌嫩枝扦插生根的影响。结果（1）ABT2（生根粉2号）、IBA（吲哚丁酸）和NAA（奈乙酸）处理嫩枝插穗的平均生根率分别为89．86％、85．30％和81．05％，均优于对照的49．25％。（2）不同浓度的生长调节剂均能促进插穗生根，其中以150mg·L^-1的ABT2效果最好，与其它各浓度处理存在极显著的差异，其次为150mg·L^-1IBA，150mg·L^-1NAA效果最差。（3）在田园土＋腐殖质土＋厩肥（2：1：1）和细沙＋珍珠岩（3：1）两种基质中，扦插生根率无明显差异，平均生根数、平均根长和平均根干重均极显著高于对照，并以基质B中最高。（4）在相同的处理条件下，嫩枝插穗的生根率极显著高于当年生硬枝，生根率达89．86％。结论在田园土＋腐殖质土＋厩肥的基质中用150mg·L^-1ABT2处理何首乌嫩枝，其生根率及生根数最高。     

Chitobiase activity as an indicator of altered survival, growth and reproduction in Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Cladocera) exposed to spinosad and diflubenzuron

Chitobiase is involved in exoskeleton degradation and recycling during the moulting process in arthropods. In aquatic species, the moulting fluid is released into the aqueous environment, and chitobiase activity present therein can be used to follow the dynamics of arthropod populations. Here, chitobiase activity was used for monitoring the impact of mosquito candidate larvicides on Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna under laboratory conditions. Both species were exposed to spinosad (2, 4, 8 μg L⁻¹) and diflubenzuron (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 μg L⁻¹) for 14 days. Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti; 0.25, 0.5, 1 μL L⁻¹) was used as the reference larvicide. Chitobiase activity, adult survival, individual growth and fecundity, expressed as the number of neonates produced, were measured every 2 days. Average Exposure Concentrations of spinosad were ten-fold lower than the nominal concentrations, whereas only a slight deviation was observed for diflubenzuron. In contrast to Bti, spinosad and diflubenzuron significantly affected both species in terms of adult survival, and production of neonates. As compared to D. pulex, D. magna was more severely affected by diflubenzuron, at low and medium concentrations, with reduced adult growth and much lower chitobiase activity. Chitobiase activity was positively correlated with the individual body length, number of neonates produced between two consecutive observation dates, and number of females and neonates. In addition, the significant positive correlations between chitobiase activity measured on the last sampling date before the first emission of neonates and the cumulative number of neonates produced during the whole observation period strongly support the potential of the activity of this chitinolytic enzyme as a proxy for assessing the dynamics of arthropod populations exposed to larvicides used for mosquito control.     

SIRT1与眼科疾病的研究进展

沉默信息调节因子相关酶1(sirtuin type1,SIRT1)是一种细胞代谢辅酶NAD⁺依赖的Ⅲ类组蛋白去乙酰化酶,通过转录调控,参与基因转录、能量代谢以及细胞衰老过程的调节,具有延长生物寿命和延缓多种年龄相关性疾病发展的作用,在抗衰老研究领域备受关注。近年的研究显示SIRT1在眼科多种疾病的发病机制中占有重要的地位,尤其是眼表疾病、青光眼、白内障、葡萄膜炎以及眼底病等,针对SIRT1活性的促进可能成为眼科新型药物的治疗靶点。本文将对SIRT1与眼科疾病的研究报道进行综述。     

丹皮酚对囊性纤维化跨膜电导调节因子氯离子通道的激活作用

目的:研究丹皮酚对依赖于3’,5’-环腺苷酸(cAMP)的囊性纤维化跨膜电导调节因子(CFTR)Cl-通道的激活作用。方法:利用Cl-通道细胞荧光测定模型进行测定丹皮酚对CFTR介导的I-内流速度。结果:丹皮酚对野生型和ΔF508突变型CFTR Cl-通道均具有激活作用,而对G551D突变型CFTR Cl-通道无激活作用。丹皮酚在发挥激活作用时具有快速、可逆的特点并依赖于腺苷环化酶激动剂Forskolin的存在。初步确定了丹皮酚通过直接与CFTR结合发挥作用。结论:研究提示CFTR可能是某些中药降压作用药靶之一。此外,本实验为传统中药的降压作用的分子药理学机制作了初步探讨。     

Predictive value of expression of p16INK4A, retinoblastoma and p53 proteins for the prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancers

The predictive value of expression of p16INK4A, retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 proteins for prognosis was evaluated in 76 patients with non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) that were potentially curatively resected between 1990 and 1995, using the results of immunostaining analyses of these proteins as reported in our previous study (Kinoshita et al, 1996). Of these NSCLCs, 22 (29%) lacked p16 protein expression and eight (11%) Rb protein, while 30 (39%) showed positive (altered) p53 protein expression. Survival of patients with p16-negative tumours was not significantly different from that of patients with p16-positive tumours (5-year survival rates 67% and 72% respectively, P = 0.8), nor was survival of patients with Rb-negative tumours significantly different from that of patients with Rb-positive tumours (5-year survival rates 42% and 69% respectively, P = 0.9). Moreover, survival of patients with p16/Rb-negative (either p16- or Rb-negative) tumours was not significantly different from that of patients with p16/Rb-positive (both p16- and Rb-positive) tumours (5-year survival rates 67% and 68% respectively, P = 0.7). In contrast, survival of patients with p53-positive (altered) tumours tended to be shorter than that of patients with p53-negative (unaltered) tumours (5-year survival rates 56% and 78% respectively, P = 0.06). In univariate analysis of potential prognostic factors, p16, Rb and p16/Rb proteins were not significant prognostic factors in the present cohort of potentially curatively resected NSCLCs. Altered p53 protein status tended to be a negative prognostic factor (P = 0.06 by the univariate analysis). These results indicate that loss of p16 protein alone, or in combination with loss of Rb protein, does not predict the clinical outcome of patients with resected NSCLCs.     

Cystic fibrosis heterozygotes do not have increased platelet activation

INTRODUCTION: We have previously demonstrated platelet hyperreactivity in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Carriers of one CF mutation (heterozygotes) have been shown to have abnormalities related to the presence of only one-half the normal amount of CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein. Platelet hyperreactivity in CF heterozygotes would be an important cardiovascular risk factor, since approximately 1 in 25 Caucasians is a CF carrier. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used highly sensitive assays of platelet activation to assess the difference between 16 CF heterozygotes and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without CF mutations. RESULTS: We found no difference in platelet activation between CF heterozygotes and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The 50% reduction in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein in heterozygotes is insufficient to cause platelet activation.     

A case study of “disorganized development” and its possible relevance to genetic determinants of aging

In 1932, Bidder postulated that senescence results from “continued action of a (genetic) regulator (of development) after growth ceases (maturation occurs).” A 16-year-old girl who physically appears to be an infant has not been diagnosed with any known genetic syndrome or chromosomal abnormality. The subject's anthropometric measurements are that of an 11-month-old. Coordinated development of structures for swallowing/breathing has not occurred resulting in dysfunctional digestive and respiratory systems. Brain structure, proprioception and neuroendocrine functions are infantile. Dental and bone ages are pre-teen, while telomere length and telomerase inactivity suggest a cellular age at least comparable to her chronological age. Sub-telomeric microdeletions known to be responsible for developmental delay and chromosomal imbalances are not present. Findings suggest that the subject suffers from “developmental disorganization” resulting from spontaneous mutation of Bidder's putative “regulator” of development, thereby providing an opportunity to locate and identify developmental gene(s) responsible for ensuring integrated and coordinated change in form and function from conception to adulthood. If their continued expression beyond maturation erodes internal order to promote senescence then further study of her DNA and testing of homologous genes in animal models may provide clues to genetic determinants of aging and human life span.     

A novel vaccine adjuvant comprised of a synthetic innate defence regulator peptide and CpG oligonucleotide links innate and adaptive immunity

There has been an increased demand for the development of novel vaccine adjuvants that lead to enhanced induction of protection from infectious challenges and development of immunological memory. A novel vaccine adjuvant was developed comprising a complex containing CpG oligonucleotide and the synthetic cationic innate defence regulator peptide HH2 that has enhanced immune modulating activities. The complex of HH2 and the CpG oligonucleotide 10101 was a potent inducer of cytokine/chemokine expression ex vivo, retained activity following extended storage, had low associated cytotoxicity, and upregulated surface marker expression in dendritic cells, a critical activity for a vaccine adjuvant. Immunization of mice with a coformulation of the HH2–CpG complex and pertussis toxoid significantly enhanced the induction of toxoid-specific antibody titres when compared to toxoid alone, inducing high titres of IgG1 and IgG2a, typical of a balanced Th1/Th2 response, and also led to high IgA titres.