2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清芳香酯酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶及脂蛋白检测

目的:检测2型糖尿病并发冠心病(DM-CHD)患者血清芳香酯酶(ArE/PON1)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)活性及脂蛋白含量.方法:测定78例2型糖尿病(DM)、80例DM-CHD患者与81例健康人血清ArE/PON1、XO、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)等有关指标,分析上述指标在DM-CHD发病中的意义.结果:与健康组相比,DM与DM-CHD组患者血清ArE/PON1活性降低、XO活性升高;MDA、CAT等水平升高,SOD活性降低;oxLDL水平升高,HDL-C降低,且DM-CHD组的改变较DM组明显.结论:血清ArE/PON1、OX、SOD及脂蛋白的测定可反映DM与DM-CHD患者机体氧化应激与脂代谢紊乱状况,是监测DM并发CHD的有用指标.     

丁基苯酞对缺血脑组织中MDA形成及超氧阴离子自由基产生的抑制作用

局灶性脑缺血6小时再灌注1小时后,缺血脑组织中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量明显增加,表明再灌注导致了脂质过氧化损伤,丁基苯酞（dl-NBP,20mg.kg^-1.ip)可显著降低缺血皮层组织在MDA的含量。进一步研究表明,dl-NPB,d-NBP和l-NBP皆可抑制黄嘌呤－黄嘌呤氧化酶反应系统中超氧阴离子自由基的形成,此作用可能与其抑制了黄嘌呤氧化酶活性有关。     

A phosphate binding assay for sevelamer hydrochloride by ion chromatography

Sevelamer hydrochloride is a cross-linked polymeric amine; it is the active ingredient of Renagel® capsules. Renagel® is indicated for the control of hyperphosphatemia in patients with end-stage renal disease. An in vitro phosphate-binding assay is required to measure the drug’s efficacy. The assay developed for this purpose involves mixing the drug (polymer) with a solution of known phosphate concentration, filtering off the polymer–phosphate complex, and quantitating the unbound phosphate concentration by ion chromatography. The binding capacity, reported as mmol of phosphate bound g of polymer⁻¹, is calculated from the calculated amount of bound phosphate and the weight of polymer used. The method has been validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, range, and ruggedness.     

褶合光谱法同时测定抗敏Ⅰ号中双主药含量

本文应用计算机辅助褶合光谱分析法不经分离同时测定了抗敏Ｉ号中富马酸酮替芬和地塞米松磷酸钠的含量。平均回收率和ＲＳＤ分别为１０１．０１±０．７６％和９９．５１±１．６９％。结果显示,该法具简单、快速、准确等优点,较适合于医院制剂的常规分析。     

樟脑对烟酰胺和双氯芬酸钠透皮吸收作用的研究

目的：研究樟脑对烟酰胺和双氯芬酸钠透皮吸收的影响,并与月桂氮苷卓酮的作用进行比较。方法：用两室扩散池体外透皮实验装置,以兔皮为屏障,使用不同浓度的樟脑,分别测定烟酰胺和双氯芬酸钠的透皮百分率。结果：１ ％ 樟脑对烟酰胺没有促皮渗透作用,３ ％ 樟脑对烟酰胺和双氯芬酸钠有促皮渗透作用。结论：樟脑对烟酰胺和双氯芬酸钠均有促皮渗透作用,但作用弱于月桂氮苷卓酮,两药合用时不具有协同作用。     

Renal failure due to 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis

A four-year-old girl presented in renal failure due to dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis. Prior to this she had been fed a high purine macrobiotic diet, rich in pulses and grain. She was comatose, anuric, requiring peritoneal dialysis, and bilateral radiolucent renal calculi were revealed by ultrasonography and retrograde pyelography. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones were found at pyelolithotomy, renal biopsy revealed interstitial birefringent crystals, and a complete lack of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) was found subsequently in erythrocyte lysates. APRT levels were initially falsely raised due to a blood transfusion on admission. The mother was shown to have heterozygote levels. The child was treated successfully with allopurinol, and a reduction in dietary purine but with only partial return of renal function.     

应用二核苷酸重复多态DMD产前基因诊断研究

目的：应用二核苷酸重复多态Ｄｕｃｈｅｎｎｅ型肌营养不良症（ＤＭＤ）基因诊断,探讨ＤＭＤ产前基因诊断方案及其可行性。方法：在应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）初步分析Ｄｙｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｎ基因内含子４９和４５的（ＣＡ）ｎ多态分布的基础上,以Ｄｙｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｎ基因５′端（ＣＡ）ｎ多态和内含子４５,４９,５０以及３′端（ＣＡ）ｎ多态为遗传标记,单体型连锁分析的同时直接检测缺失相结合的方法。结果：Ｄｙｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｎ基因内含子４９和４５的（ＣＡ）ｎ多态共检测到７个和６个等位片段,实际检出的杂合子率为８６．６％和７３％;在东北地区首次成功地完成了８个家系９例ＤＭＤ产前基因诊断。结论：该方法不分缺失型和非缺失型一步完成诊断,是临床产前基因诊断较理想的方案。     

Establishment of Acute Kidney Injury Mouse Model by 0.75% Adenine Ingestion

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a profound impact on the morbidity and mortality of patients. Tubular obstruction is an important mechanism of AKI development because many molecules will cause tubular obstruction, leading to AKI; however, few AKI animal models by tubular obstruction have been established. The aim of this study was to establish AKI model mice due to tubular obstruction. Method: C57BL/6 male mice, aged 10 weeks, 20–30 g body weight, were ingested 0.75% adenine compound food. The mice were sacrificed from day 1 to 5 for blood, urine, and histological analysis. Results: All mice (50/50 mice) developed AKI and had died by day 6 of uremia after ingesting 0.75% adenine. Histological examination of the kidneys of AKI mice showed that dilatation of the tubular lumen in the medullary papilla resulted from the occupation by adenine casts followed by atrophy, scattering, and flattening of the epithelial cells of tubules. The urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level significantly increased in AKI mice on day 1 after ingesting 0.75% adenine. Conclusion: We established a very simple and reproducible AKI mouse model due to tubular obstruction by ingesting 0.75% adenine.     

Antibody-conjugated soybean oil-filled calcium phosphate nanoshells for targetted delivery of hydrophobic molecules

Hollow calcium phosphate nanoparticles capable of encapsulating poorly water-soluble molecules were produced by self-assembly. Previously reported were solid calcium phosphate nanoparticles and water-filled calcium phosphate nanocapsules suited for encapsulating mostly hydrophilic, but not hydrophobic compounds. Here, calcium phosphate was deposited around 100?nm diameter, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate stabilized soybean oil nanoemulsions using either calcium chloride or NaOH titrations to achieve shell thickness between 20–70?nm. The surface was functionalized with carboxylic acid via the addition of carboxyethylphosphonic acid to attach Molecular Probes AB-594C antibody using sulpho-n-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride with an efficiency of ～70%, while retaining near complete antibody function. Hydrophobic pyrene was encapsulated with an efficiency of 95%, at concentrations much higher than its water solubility limit, and exhibited spectral features characteristic of a hydrophobic environment. These materials can be used in the targeted delivery of many useful, yet poorly water-soluble pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds.