肾移植术后人类微小病毒B19感染致纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血2例并文献复习

目的探讨肾移植术后人类微小病毒(HPV)B19感染致纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(纯红再障)的诊断和治疗特点。方法总结南方医科大学南方医院器官移植科收治的2例肾移植术后HPV B19感染致纯红再障的病例,结合文献复习讨论该病的临床特点、诊断方法、治疗过程及预后。结果两例肾移植受者术后早发严重贫血且进行性加重,输血治疗无效。排除导致贫血的其他原因,综合骨髓穿刺活检、荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测HPV DNA等方法诊断为HPV B19感染致纯红再障。经调整免疫抑制方案、静脉注射用免疫球蛋白(IVIG)等治疗后2例患者贫血症状明显改善。结论对于肾移植术后早期不明原因、进行性加重的贫血患者,特别是伴随网织红细胞缺乏者,应考虑HPV B19感染致纯红再障的可能性。骨髓穿刺及荧光PCR检测结果是诊断纯红再障的主要依据,免疫抑制剂减量和应用IVIG治疗是主要治疗措施。经治疗后,患者预后较好,但易复发。     

Multicentric Castleman's disease associated with renal amyloidosis and pure red cell aplasia

 A 50-year-old man was admitted suffering from severe anemia and renal dysfunction. He had been admitted for the first time at the age of 49, and was diagnosed with multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) and secondary amyloidosis. At that time, marked erythroid hypoplasia was demonstrated by both aspiration and biopsy of bone marrow. A diagnosis of pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) was made. Immunosuppressive agents improved his symptoms and laboratory data. We report here a very rare case of PRCA following MCD and amyloidosis, and with reference to the literature, we discuss the relation between MCD and related diseases. Received: February 12, 1998 / Accepted: June 17, 1998     

Red blood cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease: The influence of racial and antigenic pattern differences between donors and recipients in Brazil

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are widely used in the management of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, repeated RBC transfusions are often complicated by RBC alloimmunization. To investigate whether the frequency of RBC alloimmunization could be accounted for by racial and RBC phenotype differences between donors and recipients in Brazil, in this study we compared the RBC phenotype of 100 SCD patients with that observed in 120 randomly selected blood donors. A comparison of the RBC phenotype between the two groups revealed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of the C antigen in the donor population (P < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed for the A, B, D, c, E, e, K, k, Fy^a, M, N, S, s, and Jk^a antigens. Using standard techniques (indirect antiglobulin test, enzyme treatment, and low-ionic-strength solution) we observed an RBC alloimmunization rate of 12.9% (11/85) in the SCD patients. Fifteen alloantibodies were detected in 11 patients, and most (80%) involved antigens in the Rhesus and Kell systems. This observed RBC alloimmunization rate in SCD patients in Brazil is lower than that reported by studies from North America, suggesting that the requirement for extended antigen-matched RBC transfusion for SCD patients in the setting of a RBC phenotype concordant donor-recipient population may not be cost-effective in some countries. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Asplenia in two father-son Pairs

We report on two father-son pairs with isolated nonsyndromal asplenia. This may represent autosomal dominant inheritance of a mutation in a gene involved with spleen development and determination of laterality. The incidence of hereditary isolated asplenia is unknown; therefore, screening for asplenia in first degree relatives of individuals with (poly)asplenia should be considered. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Cutaneous scar at anterior hair line in mother and child with associated frontal bone defect in child

A large frontal bone defect underlying a “V” shaped scar was noted in a newborn male whose mother had an identical “V” shaped scar at the same location in the anterior hairline. Both had hypertelorism and short palpebral fissures. The mother had no radio-graphic evidence of skull defect and neither mother nor child had other cutaneous or skeletal anomalies. Cranioplasty was performed on the child using the remaining frontal bones with an excellent cosmetic result. Biopsy performed at operation documented scar tissue extending through the dermis and underlain by thickened dura. Mother and child appear to have a variant form of aplasia cutis congenita, an autosomal dominant trait with wide variation in expression. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

True thymic hyperplasia causing pure red cell aplasia: a case report

Pure red cell aplasia caused by true thymic hyperplasia is extremely rare. We report the case of a 25-year-old female diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia. Following a thymectomy confirming true thymic hyperplasia and corticosteroid therapy, complete response was achieved. Patients diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia should be investigated with a computerized tomographic scan to assess for thymic pathology and if present, this should be resected. Follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence.     

获得性纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血患者的T淋巴细胞亚群分析及疗效观察

目的 探讨获得性纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(PRCA)患者的T淋巴细胞亚群分布和外周血、骨髓中大颗粒淋巴细胞(LGL)绝对细胞数及比例,评估获得性PRCA患者的免疫功能状态与免疫抑制剂疗效.方法 选取2002年1月至2015年11月于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血液科住院治疗的25例初诊获得性PRCA患者为研究对象,纳入研究组.其中,5例患者为T细胞型大颗粒淋巴细胞白血病(T-LGLL)继发PRCA,其余20例为原发性PRCA.研究组患者纳入标准:符合《血液病诊断及疗效标准》中有关获得性PRCA的诊断标准;临床资料完整.排除标准:其他具有贫血表现的疾病;临床资料不全者.采用简单随机抽样法选择同期于本院体检中心进行体检的25例健康个体纳入对照组.对照组受试者纳入标准:血常规检查、生化检查结果均在正常参考值范围者.排除标准:血常规检查结果异常及罹患免疫性疾病、肿瘤者.采用流式细胞术对两组受试者进行T淋巴细胞亚群检测;对研究组获得性PRCA患者于治疗前、后进行血常规及骨髓检查;对研究组获得性PRCA患者的骨髓、外周血中LGL绝对细胞数及比例结果和环孢素A等药物治疗疗效进行回顾性分析,并进行统计学比较.本研究遵循的程序符合新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准.两组受试者年龄、性别构成比等一般临床资料相比,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结果 ①研究组获得性PRCA患者的辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th)比例、Th/抑制性T淋巴细胞(Ts)值均低于对照组,Th比例:(36.6土3.8)％比(45.1±2.1)％,Th/Ts值:1.2±0.2比2.2土0.4,并且差异均有统计学意义(t=9.161、12.174,P=0.032、0.021).研究组Ts比例高于对照组,分别为(30.5±2.8)％比(20.2±1.9)％,并且差异亦有统计学意义(t=13.460,P=0.021).两组自然杀伤(NK)细胞比例相比,分别为(11.3士1.8)％比(10.3±1.3)％,差异无统计学意义(t=1.572,P=0.344).研究组中,5例T-LGLL继发PRCA患者的Th比例、Th/Ts值均低于其余20例原发性PRCA患者,Th比例:(36.1±3.7)％比(39.1±6.1)％,Th/Ts值:1.0土0.2比1.2±0.1,但差异却均无统计学意义(t=2.293、2.513,P=0.301、0.297);5例T-LGLL继发PRCA患者的Ts比例则高于其余20例原发性PRCA患者,分别为(31.0±2.7)％比(28.4±2.0)％,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.472,P=0.384);T-LGLL继发PRCA患者的NK细胞比例与其余20例原发性PRCA患者相比,分别为(11.3±1.8)％比(11.1％±2.7)％,差异亦无统计学意义(t=1.572,P=0.364).②研究组中,外周血淋巴细胞比例增高患者为16例(64％,16/25),其中有2～3颗粗大颗粒的LGL者为10例(40％,10/25);LGL占淋巴细胞总数20％以上者为8例(32％,8/25).研究组中,骨髓有2～3颗粗大颗粒LGL患者为4例(16％,4/25),LGL占淋巴细胞总数20％以上者为3例(12％,3/25).研究组25例获得性PRCA患者外周血检出LGL比例较骨髓中检出比例高,并且差异有统计学意义(x2=6.595,P=0.003).③治疗后,25例获得性PRCA患者中血常规检查结果恢复至正常参考值范围患者为18例,其中4例患者的骨髓检查结果亦恢复至正常参考值范围,另14例患者骨髓检查结果显示红系细胞增生程度仍减低,但较治疗前有所增高.研究组疗效评价结果显示,获得基本治愈的获得性PRCA患者为4例,获得缓解者为14例,获得明显进步者为6例,无效者为1例;治疗总有效率为96％(24/25).5例T-LGLL继发PRCA患者治疗后脱离输血,但不同于原发性PRCA患者,其血红蛋白(Hb)水平均未恢复至正常参考值范围内.结论 获得性PRCA患者T淋巴细胞亚群比例失调导致其细胞免疫功能紊乱,外周血检出LGL对获得性PRCA的诊断具有一定意义.环孢素A治疗对于获得性PRCA疗效显著,但对T-LGLL继发PRCA患者的疗效差于原发性PRCA患者.     

主要ABO血型不合异基因造血干细胞移植后纯红细胞再生障碍

目的 研究主要ABO血型不合异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后患者纯红细胞再生障碍（PRCA）的发病情况及危险因素。方法 分析移植后患者PRCA的发病危险因素，比较抗A凝集素与抗B凝集素对红系造血恢复的影响。结果 100例ABO血型主要及主次要均不合allo-HSCT患者中，12例发生PRCA。A供O者9例，A供B者1例，B供O者2例。有抗A凝集素的患者（10例）较有抗B凝集素的患者（2例）易发生PRCA（P〈0．05）。PRCA的发生不影响急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）或巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的发生。发生PRCA时血型转换的中位时问为150．5d，显著长于无PRCA发生患者（60．0d）（P〈0．05）；红系恢复的中位时间为203．5d，显著长于无PRCA发生患者（76．0d）（P〈0．05）。有抗A凝集素的患者血型转换中位时间为90．0d，显著长于有抗B凝集素的患者（55．0d）（P〈0．05）；红系恢复中位时间为98．0d，长于有抗B凝集素者（80．0d）（P〉0．05），但差异无统计学意义。结论 PRCA是ABO血型不合移植的合并症之一。A供O是主要ABO血型小合allo-HSCT后PRCA发病的危险因素。     

ABO血型不合异基因造血干细胞移植后并发纯红系再生障碍

为了研究ABO血型不合异基因造血干细胞移植（allo—HSCT）后并发纯红细胞再生障碍（pure red cell aplasia，PRCA）的发病情况及危险因素，对本医院以往血型不合异基因造血干细胞移植进行回顾性分析。探讨移植后患者PRCA的发病危险因素。研究结果表明，72例ABO血型不合allo—HSCT患者中，4例发生PRCA，其中A供O3例，A供B1例。PRCA的发生不影响急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）或巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的发生。PRCA患者红系恢复的时间显著长于未PRCA发生患者。结论：PRCA是ABO血型不合移植的主要并发症。A供O可能是ABO血型不合allo—HSCT后并发PRCA的危险因素。