股骨中上段骨折的中立位牵引探讨

本文从“恢复骨折周围肌肉的整体力学关系，促使肌肉夹板作用的形成，重建股骨的杠杆作用”的理论出发，应用中立位牵引，辅以夹板外固定及适当的功能锻炼，治疗股骨中上段骨折１５４例，经临床观察，效果良好，结合临床病例，我们对股骨中上段骨折的中立位牵引和传统的屈髋、外展位牵引对骨折周围肌肉的力学关系影响，进行了对比和探讨。     

气液交换术治疗黄斑破口视网膜浅脱离

介绍了治疗黄斑破口视网膜浅而局限脱离的气液交换术。手术只需二只针头,放出液化玻璃体,眼内注入空气,术后采用俯卧位,不作黄斑凝固,不放视网膜下液,也不作任何视网膜脱离手术。手术简便易行,省时安全,损伤少,反应小,能恢复较好视力。即使复发也还能再次手术。     

面神经分支出腮腺缘处的定位投影

作者在31例(62侧)男性成人的标本上,以颧弓下缘与下颌关节突前缘的交点到下颌角向前下突出处的连线为Y抽,并以通过Y抽中点,而且与之相垂直的线为X抽。测出了(单位为mm):1.面神经干分叉点的投影坐标平均值是(-20.48±3.57,11.92±3.51)。2.面神经的5组分支出腮腺缘的定位投影:①颞支组的平均值为(0.66±坐标7.82,33.05±4.67),②颧支组的平均坐标值为(12.40±6.83,25.25±5.13);③颊支组中的B_1组是(12.33±5.71,18.77±6.54),B_2组是(2.59±6.91,-1.38±8.71);④下颌缘支组的平均坐标值为(-8.94±4.01,-18.18±5.70);⑤颈支组的平均坐标值是(-15.95±3.92,-24.81±6.54)。     

Evaluation of rebreathing potential on bedding for infant use

BACKGROUND: Rebreathing is thought to be associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the rebreathing potential of different types of Japanese infant bedding. METHODS: The rebreathing potential of various combinations of infant bedding was measured using a mechanically simulated breathing model. The types of bedding included five types of mattresses, four types of o-nesyo sheets (waterproof sheets) and a towel. The half-life of the expiratory CO2 concentration, t1/2-value was calculated as the index of the rebreathing potential. The softness of the bedding was also measured. RESULTS: There was a moderate proportional correlation between the t1/2-value and the softness (correlation coefficient = 0.509). When a new hard infant mattress was used, the t1/2-values were 13.6-14.1 s, and when o-nesyo sheet was added, the values were 14.1-16.2 s. When other mattresses were used with the o-nesyo sheet, the values were 14.1-19.2 s. Adding a towel onto the bedding, the t1/2-value (18.5-22.3 s) was prolonged without exception. CONCLUSION: It is difficult to estimate the rebreathing potential of the bedding on the basis its appearance or its softness. All infants should be placed on appropriate bedding in case they turn to a prone-sleeping position. Our recommendations to avoid rebreathing are as follows: (i) a new hard mattress specifically designed for babies should be used; (ii) a towel should not be used; (iii) an o-nesyo sheet may be used with a new hard infant mattress if necessary.     

俯卧左侧抬高位数字图像对早期贲门癌诊断价值

目的 :研究气钡双对比造影俯卧左侧抬高位数字图像对早期贲门癌的诊断价值。方法 :收集 2 8例经手术和病理证实的早期贲门癌 ,用青岛Ⅲ型双对比用硫酸钡 ,5 0 0mA岛津IDR - 70 0遥控透视数字胃肠机 ,实时采集贲门区多种部位图像 ,着重采集俯卧左侧抬高位胃底贲门区像。结果 :2 8例早期贲门癌在俯卧左侧抬高位像上均能清晰显示该区微小病变。结论 :俯卧左侧抬高位胃底贲门区数字化图像能清晰显示该部位的异常X线征象 ,对早期贲门癌的诊断有积极的价值 ,尤其是癌肿未侵及食道下段时 ,显示病变优于其它摄影部位     

Neuronal mechanisms of two-dimensional orienting movements in the cat. I. A quantitative study of saccades and slow drifts produced in response to the electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus

To evaluate the metrics of rapid eye movements caused by the activation of distinct collicular microzones, the superior colliculus (SC) was electrically stimulated in alert behaving cats while their heads were restrained. A quantitative study of electrically induced rapid eye movements demonstrated that their amplitude and direction depended on the intensity of stimulation, the electrode location, and the initial position of the eyes, while their duration depended on the intensity of stimulation. When detailed quantitative procedures are employed, properties of saccades produced in response to the electrical stimulation of the feline SC resemble those of saccades elicited in response to the electrical stimulation of a variety of primate brain areas. Besides saccades, electrical stimulation of the feline SC gave rise to slow drifts whose amplitude and direction was also influenced by the initial position of the eyes. Because their size depended on the frequency of stimulation and their time course reflected mechanical properties of theoculomotor plant, induced slow drifts could be due to a more or less direct projection of the SC onto extraocular motoneurons. A model that includes such a variety of connections between the SC and extraocular motoneurons is presented and is shown to produce realistic combinations of fast and slow eye movements when its input is a step function of time. The present findings support the notion that an orbital mechanical factor underlies the eye position sensitivity of slow drifts and saccades evoked in response to the electrical stimulation of the SC.     

论药品检验机构在药品监督管理中的法律地位和作用

本文结合我国药品检验机构的现状，从药品检验机构的地位，职能，作用及法律责任等方面谈了学习《药品管理法》的体会。     

放射治疗射野照相用基准标尺板的研制与应用

放射治疗中作射野位置验证时,目前多是利用射野照相底片中,以照射野内及周围的组织结构作为参照,用肉眼与放射治疗计划的照射野作比对,故存在着较大的误差。笔者研制了一种具有“度量”功能的基准标尺板,能有效地减小这种比对误差。本文介绍了这种标尺板的制作与临床应用。     

Influence of Body Position on Defibrillation Thresholds of Nonthoracotomy Implantable Defibrillators:

DFT of Nonthoracotomy Defibrillators. Introduction : Defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) usually are determined with the patient in the supine position. However, patients may be in the upright position when a shock is delivered during follow-up, which may explain some first shock failures observed clinically. This study investigated whether body posture affects defibrillation energy requirements of nonthoracotomy implantable cardioverter defibrillators with biphasic shocks.
Methods and Results : Using a step up-down protocol, DFTs were compared intraindividually in 52 patients ("active-can" systems in 41 patients, two-lead systems in II patients) for the supine and upright positions as achieved by a tilt table. The mean DFT was 7.3 ± 4.2 J in the supine versus 9.2 ± 4.8 J in the upright position (P = 0.002). Repeated comparison in reversed order 3 months after implantation in 22 patients revealed thresholds of 6.2 ± 2.5 J (supine) versus 8.4 ± 3.7 J (upright; P < 0.03) 1 week and 4.4 ± 2.4 J (supine) versus 6.2 ± 4.1 J (upright; P < 0.04) 3 months after implantation. DFTs decreased significantly for both body positions from 1 week to 3 months after implantation (P < 0.04).
Conclusion :(I) DFTs for biphasic shocks delivered by nonthoracotomy defibrillators are higher in the upright compared to the supine body position. (2) Differences remain significant 3 months after implantation. For both body positions, DFT decreases significantly from 1 week to 3 months after implantation. These findings have important implications for programming first shock energy to lower than maximal values or for development of devices with lower maximal stored energy.