基于2D电阻抗成像的位置误差和相对数量指数的后处理方法

本文提出了一种基于2D电阻抗成像的位置误差和相对数量指数的后处理方法,用于多种电导率分布的确定、组织成分的识别以及位置信息的确定。此外,还介绍了一种基于现有两种重建算法的混合正则化算法,并将三种重建算法重建的结果进行了比较。结果证明,这种后处理方法可以提高2D电阻抗成像的位置精度和空间分辨率,使得电阻抗成像适用于临床检查和过程监测。     

体位护理对新生儿肺炎疗效的影响

目的 探讨不同体位护理对新生儿肺炎疗效的影响.方法 将120例新生儿肺炎的患儿分为两组,观察组60例,对照组60例,在常规的治疗基础上,对照组采用护理常规侧卧位或平卧位头偏向一侧,观察组采用转变体位护理,即患儿喂奶后予头高脚低俯卧位2h后,每15 min予头低脚高的右侧卧位、左侧卧位、俯卧位的顺序变换护理体位,并对两组患儿的疗效进行比较.结果 两组患儿在疗效上有明显差异,观察组的治愈时间比对照组明显缩短,两组在相同时间点上进行监测心率、呼吸、血氧饱和度比较也有明显差异,显示观察组治疗效果优于对照组(P＜0.01),结果具有统计学意义.结论 采用体位护理有助于治疗新生儿肺炎,能减轻患儿痛苦,提高患儿舒适度,有效缩短治疗时间,提高治疗效果,值得在临床推广应用.     

Evaluation of the Impact of Body Position on Primary Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the body position on primary central sleep apnea syndrome.MethodsFifty-five subjects diagnosed with central sleep apnea (CSA) through polysomnographic examinations were prospectively enrolled in the study. All patients underwent cardiologic and neurologic examinations. Primary positional central sleep apnea (PCSA) was determined when the supine Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) was greater than two times the non-supine AHI. The primary PCSA and non-PCSA groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, sleep parameters, and treatment approaches.ResultsOverall, 39 subjects diagnosed with primary CSA were included in the study; 61.5% of the subjects had primary PCSA. There were no differences between the primary PCSA and non-PCSA groups regarding age, sex, body mass index (BMI), co-morbidities, and history of septoplasty. In terms of polysomnography parameters, AHI (P = .001), oxygen desaturation index (P = .002), the time spent under 88% saturation during sleep (P = .003), number of obstructive apnea (P = .011), mixed apnea (P = .009), and central apnea (P = .007) was lower in the primary PCSA group than in the non-PCSA group. Twenty-nine percent of the patients in the primary PCSA group were recommended position treatment and 71% were recommended positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy; all patients in the non-PCSA group were recommended PAP therapy.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that the rate of primary PCSA was high (61.5%) and primary PCSA was associated with milder disease severity compared with non-PCSA. The classification of patients with primary CSA regarding positional dependency may be helpful in terms of developing clinical approaches and treatment recommendations.     

达芬奇机器人辅助下经双侧腋窝和乳晕入路甲状腺手术体位的护理体会(附83例报告)

目的：探讨达芬奇机器人经双侧腋窝和乳晕途径(bilateral axillo-breast approach, BABA)入路实施甲状腺手术时体位的摆放护理,以保障手术顺利进行。方法：2015 年5 月至2016 年12月我院运用达芬奇机器人手术系统完成机器人BABA 入路甲状腺手术共83例。本研究总结分析了病人手术体位的安置、术后并发症发生及相关护理因素。83例患者均采取头高脚低仰卧位(与地面约呈15-30°),肩部略垫高,患者乳房下方安置一条弹力绑带,固定于手术床旁,将患者双侧乳房向上推高,最大限度地减小术者的手术盲区,扩大手术视野。结果：83例均顺利完成达芬奇机器人BABA 入路甲状腺手术,无一例出现因体位不当、护理失误而引起的并发症。患者满意度为100%。结论：达芬奇机器人BABA入路甲状腺手术术中合理放置体位可保障手术安全顺利进行,并可有效预防术后并发症的发生。     

超声引导下穿刺置管治疗继发性肾功能衰竭72例

目的 分析超声引导下肾造瘘术对肾功能衰竭患者肾功改善的临床意义。方法 72例因肿瘤原因致肾功能衰竭患者经肾造瘘术后,观察治疗前、后血肌酐（Cr）和尿素氮（BUN)变化。 结果 72例均一次穿刺成功,穿刺成功率100%。随访4周,其中一周内肾功能明显改善69例,有效率95.8%,其余3例两周内肾功能明显改善。Cr下降范围120-270umol/L,BUN下降范围3.9-8.1mmol/L。 本组发生轻微并发症5例,发生率为6.9% 。结论 超声引导下肾造瘘能够明显改善肾功能,短期内治疗肾功能衰竭效果满意。     

Is Going Beyond Rasch Analysis Necessary to Assess the Construct Validity of a Motor Function Scale?

Objective

To examine whether a Rasch analysis is sufficient to establish the construct validity of the Motor Function Measure (MFM) and discuss whether weighting the MFM item scores would improve the MFM construct validity.