骨折与中医食疗

骨折病人食疗的基本原则是整体观念和辨证施食。本文以骨折的三期分治为原则,再根据不同的病因,病程的久暂以及病人的体质等情况分别立法施食,以加快骨折愈合及功能恢复。食疗的组方原则为理气活血,培元益气,化痰祛湿,利水消瘀。     

Yishen huanshuai recipe retard progression of chronic renal failure

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Yishen Huanshuai recipe (YSHSR) on the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). MethodsForty-six patients with CRF were divided into two groups group A (self-controlled group, n=18), whose treatment plan was subdivided into two phases. During the first phase, the patients treated with low protein diet and controlling blood pressure, while in the second phase, YSHSR was given. Group B (n=28), whose treatment plan was similar with that of group A in the second phase. The rate of progression of CRF was estimated by slope of the creatinine reciprocal (dl/mg) with time (month). Results Mean slope of the creatinine reciprocal with time from the group A during the first phase was -0.0104±0.0021, while during the second phase, it was -0.0034±0.0018. There was significant difference between them (P<0.05). Mean slope from the group B was -0.0047±0.0020. There was also significant difference between that from the group B and that from the group A during the first phase (P<0.05). Conclusion Low protein diet and controlling blood pressure combined with YSHSR therapy could markedly retard the rate of progression of CRF.     

方剂组织药理学新假说

方剂的作用特点是多成分、多途径、多环节、多靶点，其所含药效物质是方剂研究的核心，探索中药方剂的药效物质基础是中药现代化的关键之一。中药血清药理学、方剂药动学和药效学研究取得了一定的成绩，但是以进行体外研究为主，也没有深入到病变靶组织层次。以急性胰腺炎动物模型为研究对象，采用高效液相色谱一质谱联用技术与方法检测模型动物口服或灌肠后胰腺组织内的有效中药成分谱，进而提出方剂组织药理学的理论假说，即以中医基本理论为指导，用药理学的方法研究中药(方剂)有效成分对病变靶组织的影响及其作用原理的科学；建立其实验方法学，寻找中药方剂靶组织作用的基础、原理和直接药效物质基础；可能产生新的相互有效方剂，并开辟中药方剂研究新领域。     

痉、痿证方对大鼠脊髓持续性压迫损伤局部NGF、BDNF的调节作用

目的:研究大鼠脊髓持续性压迫后NGF、BDNF含量及NGF、BDNF原位基因表达变化,探讨痉、痿证方对大鼠脊髓持续性慢性损伤NGF、BDNF的影响.方法:采用大鼠颈椎前路螺钉压迫颈脊髓,螺钉持续留置压迫30天以产生慢性损伤,蛋白含量用免疫组化EnVision法,基因表达用原位杂交法.结果:(1)免疫组化:统计结果NGF、BDNF结果相近:轻压模型组与假手术组比较,具有显著性差异,P＜0.05;析因设计:①试验压迫与药物2因素间无交互作用; 药物因素有统计意义;②不同药物因素之间(含模型组)有非常显著性差异,P＜0.01.(2)原位杂交:假手术组少见阳性染色的细胞,而模型组和用药组可见明显阳性染色的细胞,NGF和BDNF的阳性细胞特征大致相近.结论:药物干预能促进神经营养因子的分泌,脊髓神经细胞和胶质细胞参与了NGF和BDNF的分泌.     

归芪方合苯那普利对糖尿病大鼠肾组织转化生长因子β_1的影响

目的研究归芪方联合血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)苯那普利对糖尿病大鼠肾功能和肾组织转化生长因子β_1(TGF-β_1)基因表达的影响。方法Wistar大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)以建立糖尿病模型,将糖尿病大鼠分为糖尿病模型组、苯那普利治疗组、归芪方治疗组、归芪方合苯那普利治疗组,另设正常对照组。实验第8周时统一处死,观察各组大鼠肾重/体重、血糖、内生肌酐清除率(CCr)及肾组织结构的改变,放免法测定24h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、β2-微球蛋白(β_2-MG)、血浆及肾组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量,原位杂交检测肾脏皮质TGF-β_1基因表达的变化。结果与单用苯那普利或归芪方相比,联合用药可明显减少尿白蛋白、β_2-MG,控制肾脏肥大,改善肾功能,使肾皮质TGF-β_1mRNA表达量进一步减少,同时肾脏病理改变亦减轻。结论苯那普利合用归芪方能更有效地抑制TGF-β_1mRNA的表达,减轻肾脏损伤,改善肾功能,延缓糖尿病肾病慢性病理进展。     

活血化瘀方对高脂饮食致家兔动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的 探讨五首活血化瘀方对高脂喂饲家兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)的影响。方法 采用高脂喂饲复制家兔动脉粥样硬化模型,观察各组家兔血脂、载脂蛋白、血液流变学改变。结果 血府逐瘀汤组家兔血清TC、LDL-c明显低于丹参饮组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),血清TC/HDL-c明显低于丹参饮组、失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),血清TG低于丹参饮组(P<0.05),血清TG/HDL-c比值低于丹参饮组、失笑散组、活络效灵丹组(P<0.01);血清apoB100低于失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05);血浆粘度明显低于活络效灵丹组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),全血粘度(低切、高切)明显低于失笑散组(P<0.01);活络效灵丹组家兔血清TC、LDL-c低于丹参饮组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05),血清TC/HDL-c明显低于丹参饮组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),亦低于失笑散组(P<0.05);家兔血清apoB100低于丹参饮组、失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05),血清apoA1/apoB100比值高于丹参饮组、失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05);丹参饮组家兔全血粘度(低切、高切)明显低于失笑散组(P<0.01),红细胞比容低于桃红四物汤组(P<0.05);桃红四物汤组血清TG低于丹参饮组(P<0.05),血清TG/HDL-c低于丹参饮组、失笑散组(P<0.05),全血粘度(低切、高切)低于失笑散组(P<0.05)。结论 五首活血化瘀方均可不同     

调补肺肾方对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并气管支气管软化症患者肺功能和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨调补肺肾方对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并气管支气管患者肺功能和生活质量的影响。方法:分析我科从2016年3月～2017年12月诊治的60例慢阻肺合并气管支气管软化症患者临床资料。根据入院先后及是否采用中医治疗分为对照组和观察组,2组各30例。对照组采用单纯西医对症治疗组,包括:轻度软化症患者常规给予沙美特罗替卡松(50/250 ug)2吸bid,或布地奈德福莫特罗(160/4.5 ug)2吸bid,或联合噻托溴铵(18 ug)1吸qd;中度患者在常规治疗基础上给予无创呼吸机辅助通气(模式BiPAP或CPAP),重度患者酌情给予气道支架植入,肺部感染患者给予抗感染治疗。观察组在对照组基础上加用中医调补肺肾方水煎剂,1剂/d, 3次/d。统计分析2组患者治疗前后肺功能、C反应蛋白(CRP, C-reactive Protein)、降钙素原(PCT, Procalcitonin)、改良英国医学研究学会呼吸困难指数(mMRC, Modified British Medical Research Council)、慢阻肺评估测试(CAT, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test)变化。结果:研究显示,与基线值比较,对照组与观察组都能改善患者肺功能FEV1值,降低CRP及PCT,改善呼吸困难指数及CAT评分,差异有统计学意义;但在改善FEV1/FVC、RV/TLC、DLCO、PO_2及PCO_2方面无统计学差异。组间比较显示,观察组较对照组能更好改善患者PO_2、mMRC及CAT评分,能进一步改善患者生活质量,差异有统计学意义,但2组在改善肺功能FEV1、FEV1/FVC、RV/TLC、DLCO及PCO2上无统计学意义。结论:调补肺肾方治疗慢阻肺合并气管支气管软化症疗效肯定,值得进一步研究。     

Food Preparation Knowledge and Confidence of Young Adults

Abstract

Consumer complaints about food products have increased over the past decade due, in part, to consumer error in the preparation of products. Although the food industry assumes that consumers are knowledgeable about food preparation at all stages ranging from purchasing to preparation to storage, little is known about consumers' actual knowledge. The study reported here assessed young adults' food preparation knowledge as well as examined their confidence in their food preparation abilities. Guidelines, based on the findings, are proposed for writing food preparation instructions that have the potential to minimize consumer error and subsequent complaints.     

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-ulcerogenic Activities of Chantaleela Recipe

Chantaleela recipe is indicated for relieving fever in Thai traditional folk medicine. In the present study, Chantaleela recipe was investigated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-ulcerogenic activities. In preliminary investigation Chantaleela recipe was found to exert an inhibitory activity on the acute phase of inflammation as seen in ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced ear edema as well as in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of Chantaleela recipe may be due to an inhibition via cyclooxygenase pathway. In the analgesic test, Chantaleela recipe showed a significant analgesic activity in both the early and late phases of formalin test, but exerted the most pronounced effect in the late phase. The analgesic activity of Chantaleela recipe may act via mechanism at peripheral and partly central nervous system. In antipyretic test, Chantaleela recipe significantly decreased rectal temperature of brewer''s yeast-induced hyperthermia rats, probably by inhibiting synthesis and/or release of prostaglandin E₂ in the hypothalamus. Therefore, the key mechanism of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity of the Chantaleela recipe likely involves the inhibition of the synthesis and/or release of inflammatory or pain mediators, especially prostaglandins. The oral administration of the Chantaleela recipe reduced ulcer formation in acute gastric ulcer models (EtOH/HCl-, indomethacin-, and stress-induced gastric lesions). In contrast, this recipe did not reduce the secretory rate, total acidity, and increase pH in rat stomach. These results indicated that Chantaleela seem to possess anti-ulcerogenic effect. This activity may be due to the increase of gastric mucosal resistance or potentiation of defensive factors and/or the decrease of aggressive factors but did not associate the anti-secretory activity. Moreover, the high oral doses treated did not cause acute toxicity in rats and the long term oral administration did not produce gastric and ileum lesions.