经阴道三维超声评价未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征患者卵巢储备功能分析

目的 分析经阴道三维超声对于未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征患者卵巢储备功能评价的价值。 方法 选择不孕症患者100例作为研究对象，根据相关评价标准将确诊为未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征者200例作为研究组，其他正常排卵不孕者80例作为对照组，对比2组各卵泡期子宫内膜厚度、血清性激素6项水平、各卵泡期优势侧卵巢血流参数及围排卵期成熟卵泡血流分级情况。 结果 2组血管化指数、血流指数及血管化血流指数在组间、时点间及组间·时点间交互作用差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。对照组围排卵期成熟卵泡血流多为3~4级，研究组多为1~2级，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。 结论 血流量低、成熟卵泡新生血管数量少是未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征的血流灌注特点，经阴道三维超声检查，更利于早期评价卵巢储备功能，指导临床识别、预测卵泡发育不良及早期排卵障碍。     

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??Objective    To provide evidence for temporomandibular joint ??TMJ??prostheses design and size chosen via three-dimensional ??3D??measurements of CT data and cluster analysis of the Chinese. Methods    CT data from 448 adults from East China with normal TMJs were recruited and reconstructed by Proplan CMF 1.4 software. Thirteen parameters of the TMJ fossa and condyle-ramus units were performed by three-dimensional measurements. The data were analyzed statistically and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to determine the size design. Results    The anatomical database of Chinese TMJ was established. There were significant differences in the 13 TMJ measurement parameters between the males and females. The glenoid fossa was grouped into 3 clusters?? and the condyle-ramus units were grouped into 4 clusters. Discriminant analyses were capable of correctly classifying 97.24% of the glenoid fossae and 94.98% of the condyle-ramus units. Conclusion    Three-dimensional measurements and cluster analysis of Chinese TMJ osseous morphology can provide an anatomical reference for prosthesis size design of Chinese TMJ replacement.     

Differentiating drug-induced parkinsonism from Parkinson's disease: An update on non-motor symptoms and investigations

Drug-induced parkinsonism is the second most common cause of parkinsonism after Parkinson's disease and their distinction has crucial implications in terms of management and prognosis. However, differentiating between these conditions can be challenging on a clinical ground, especially in the early stages. We therefore performed a review to ascertain whether assessment of non-motor symptoms, or use of ancillary investigations, namely dopamine transporter imaging, transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra, and scintigraphy for myocardial sympathetic innervation, can be recommended to distinguish between these conditions.Among non-motor symptoms, there is evidence that hyposmia can differentiate between patients with “pure” drug-induced parkinsonism and those with degenerative parkinsonism unmasked by an anti-dopaminergic drug. However, several issues, including smoking history and cognitive functions, can influence smell function assessment. Higher diagnostic accuracy has been demonstrated for dopamine transporter imaging. Finally, preliminary evidence exists for sympathetic cardiac scintigraphy to predict dopaminergic pathway abnormalities and to differentiate between drug-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease.Imaging of the dopaminergic pathway seems to be the only, reasonably available, technique to aid the differential diagnosis between drug-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease.     

Review of use of a new rapid real-time PCR,the Cepheid GeneXpert® (Xpert) CT/NG assay,for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: results for patients while in a clinical setting

Rapid diagnostics for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are desirable so that patients can be treated while they are still in the clinic or doctor’s office. The Cepheid GeneXpert^® (Xpert) CT/NG assay was US FDA-cleared in December 2012. The assay is a rapid real-time PCR nucleic acid amplified test. The cartridge-based assay detects DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is FDA-cleared for use in female endocervical swabs, patient-collected vaginal swabs and for female and male urine specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. It has demonstrated near-perfect sensitivity and specificity in urogenital specimens. The Xpert is a modular platform for testing samples directly from patients, which requires no hands-on manipulation from specimen loading until results are available. Results are provided in approximately 90 minutes. It has been graded by the FDA as moderately complex for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. Several publications have reported its promising use in clinical settings.     

Distal Forearm Fracture Open Reduction–Internal Fixation: Sonographic Detection of Hardware Malalignment and Associated Tendon Injuries Missed by Radiography

Tendon injury is a known complication of distal radius fracture plate and screw fixation. Targeted musculoskeletal sonography is uniquely capable of assessing both tendon integrity and hardware abnormalities not recognized on radiographs. Each of the 3 patients described presented with pain after an open reduction–internal fixation following a distal forearm fracture. In each patient, radiographic findings, specifically the hardware position, were interpreted as normal. Important radiographically occult observations were subsequently made with sonography, including 3 proud screws and tendon injuries, all of which required surgical treatment. This case series demonstrates the clinical utility of musculoskeletal sonography in symptomatic patients after distal radius open reduction–internal fixation with negative radiographic findings. In our practice, sonography has been the most useful modality for precluding missing or delaying the diagnosis and treatment of these hardware complications. We advocate its use as an adjunct in any department performing musculoskeletal imaging.