3D transesophageal echocardiography in TAVR

Recently, there has been an increasingly minimalistic approach to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), with most procedures now performed under conscious sedation without real time transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance. Proponents of echo should not feel discouraged by this; it is the initial insights that were gained with procedural TEE during the early years of TAVR that have allowed the procedure's gradual maturation and sophistication. Experienced centers that have promoted extensive TAVR TEE programs continue to maximize the benefits of echocardiography in both procedural planning and execution. Critical to this is the understanding of 3D TEE, allowing the annulus to be sized accurately, relevant neighboring anatomy defined, and complications flagged. This review will outline the current application of 3D TEE in TAVR and discuss challenges and opportunities for 3D echocardiography in this field.     

Substantia nigra echogenicity correlated with clinical features of Parkinson's disease

BackgroundTranscranial sonography can display structural alterations in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and is considered to be a potential useful tool for the diagnosis of PD. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between SN echogenicity and clinical features in Chinese patients with PD.MethodsA total of 420 subjects including 290 patients with PD and 130 controls were recruited from the neurological clinic or the community. Transcranial sonographic evaluations of the SN were performed in all subjects, and motor and non-motor symptoms were thoroughly assessed by a series of rating scales in PD patients.ResultsTwo hundred and one patients were successfully assessed by transcranial sonography. SN hyperechogenicity was found to be associated with male sex (p = 0.004), higher scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part II (p = 0.001) and autonomic symptoms scores (p = 0.003). Moreover, regression analysis revealed that UPDRS part II scores (odds ratio = 1.141, p < 0.001) and gender (odds ratio = 2.409, p = 0.007) could be the independent predictors for SN hyperechogenicity; in addition, among all items of UPDRS part II, speech, dressing, hygiene, and turning in bed and adjusting bed clothes significantly correlated with SN hyperechogenicity.ConclusionsThis is the first report suggesting the correlation between SN echogenicity and UPDRS part II, and we conclude that increased SN echogenicity might reflect more severe disease disability or poorer medical response.     

Circulating CCL20: A potential biomarker for active vitiligo together with the number of Th1/17 cells

Background

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease with varying pathological features. Activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, whether CCL20-CCR6 and Th1/17 cells are indicative of active vitiligo is unclear.

Heat Shock Protein-70 Expression in Vitiligo and its Relation to the Disease Activity

Background:Vitiligo is a progressive depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. The etiopathogenesis of vitiligo is still unclear. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are prime candidates to connect stress to the skin. HSPs were found to be implicated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and other skin disorders as psoriasis.Results:Our analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of HSP-70 mRNA in lesional skin biopsies from vitiligo patients compared to nonlesional skin biopsies from vitiligo patients (P < 0.001) and compared to skin biopsies from healthy controls (P < 0.001). The level of HSP-70 was not found to be correlated with age, sex, or disease duration. The expression of HSP-70 was correlated with the disease activity and patients with active vitiligo showed higher mean HSP-70 level compared to those with inactive disease.Conclusions:HSP-70 plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and may enhance the immune response in active disease.     

Expression of PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (PBK/TOPK) in human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma

The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern of PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (PBK/TOPK) and its clinical significance in human bladder cancer (BC).     

T4N (+)Ⅲ期食管胸中下段癌3DRT长期生存分析

目的 观察T₄N (+)Ⅲ期食管胸中下段癌IMRT长期生存情况及不良反应。方法 2004-2010年间300例T₄N (+)Ⅲ期食管中下段癌患者采用3DCRT 202例、IMRT 98例,常规分割照射剂量60 Gy。比较两种不同治疗方式的长期生存情况及不良反应。Kaplan Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验。结果 5、7年样本量分别为239、120例。3DCRT和IMRT组1、3、5、7年LC率分别为64.4%、40.6%、38.3%、34.2%和68.3%、55.3%、51.9%、51.9%(P=0.048),OS率分别为54.5%、19.8%、14.7%、10.9%和63.3%、34.7%、24.4%、20.3%(P=0.013)。分层分析显示年龄>65岁、放疗前食管造影长度>8.0 cm、CT最大横径>4.6 cm、GTV>60 cm³、邻近组织或器官受累、非手术 N₂期、未行化疗者,IMRT组OS率高于3DCRT组(P=0.022、0.003、0.022、0.034、0.016、0.044、0.047)。IMRT组GTVD_min、GTVD₁₀₀高于3DCRT组(P=0.000、0.000),脊髓D_max低于3DCRT组(P=0.000)。IMRT组急性放射性食管炎发生率明显高于3DCRT组,以轻度(1-2级)食管炎为著(P=0.000)。3DCRT组死于肿瘤局部因素的比率明显高于IMRT组(P=0.039)。结论 局部晚期食管胸中下段癌IMRT安全有效,LC率明显提高,正常组织保护良好,长期生存获益显著。基于回顾分析结果还有待前瞻性随机对照研究的证实。     

鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性快速检测方法的建立与评估

目的评估对实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)快速检测鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性方法的效果。方法设计鲍曼不动杆菌(ATCC 19606)外膜蛋白A特异性探针,采用实时荧光定量PCR准确测定63株鲍曼不动杆菌经一定浓度庆大霉素、米诺环素、美罗培南、左氧氟沙星和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦孵育后的生长情况,比较抗菌药物孵育0和6h后鲍曼不动杆菌基因组DNA量,判断鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性,并与微量肉汤稀释法结果进行对比。结果建立的实时荧光定量PCR检测鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性方法与微量肉汤稀释法一致性高,Kappa值为0.879,P0.05。以微量肉汤稀释法为参考方法,实时荧光定量PCR的符合率达93.97%,灵敏度为92.53%,特异性为95.74%,阳性预测值为96.41%,阴性预测值为91.22%,Youden指数为0.88。结论实时荧光定量PCR与微量肉汤稀释法结果有高度一致性,且前者灵敏度高、特异性强、检测速度快,可用于快速检测鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性。     

MRI三维动脉自旋标记法对TIA的诊断价值

目的本研究拟运用MRI三维动脉自选标记法(3D-ASL),结合DWI及时间飞跃法MRA(3DTOF-MRA),探讨3D-ASL在TIA的诊断、血流灌注评估等方面的应用价值,为临床超早期诊断、治疗提供更多的理论依据。方法发病24 h内的TIA患者13例,入院时进行常规MRI、DWI、3D-TOF-MRA及3D-ASL扫描。观察所有患者MRA图,分析颅内血管及颈内动脉有无狭窄及异常,比较DWI所示梗死面积(SDWI)和全脑血流量(CBF)图上灌注异常面积(SASL)的差异,分别计算DWI和3D-ASL对TIA患者的检出率,并结合MRA分析造成脑组织血流灌注异常的原因。对于DWI阴性但ASL灌注异常,且MRA(或CTA)显示血管狭窄的患者,计算病灶侧和对侧相应区域的CBF值的比值(rCBF),比较rCBF与入院时(发病24 h内)的NIHSS、Glasgow昏迷评分量表(GCS)、mRS及神经内科临床评分量表(ABCD2)评分、患者发病时间以及一过性脑缺血症状发作持续时间有无相关性,并且比较分析rCBF值与MRA(或CTA)所示血管直径狭窄程度的相关性。结果(1)SASL>SDWI:13例TIA患者中,11例DWI未发现病灶,即SDWI=0,而SASL>0,且显示灌注减低;2例DWI阳性,但病灶面积仍SASL>SDWI。(2)3D-ASL对TIA的检出率明显高于DWI:DWI对TIA患者病灶的检出率为15%;3D-ASL对TIA患者病灶的检出率为69%。(3)rCBF与入院时(发病24 h内)的NIHSS、GCS、mRS及ABCD2评分的分值均无相关性;rCBF与患者发病时间及一过性脑缺血症状发作持续时间无相关性;rCBF值与MRA(或CTA)所示血管直径狭窄程度呈负相关关系(rs=-0.697,P=0.011)。结论3DASL与DWI相比,对TIA的诊断敏感性较高。及早行3D-ASL检查,并与DWI、MRA等序列联合应用,能更早发现灌注异常,并初步提示责任血管狭窄程度,为临床治疗提供科学依据。     

建立下肢形态学数据库为匹配术后即装假肢提供参考

文题释义： 术后假肢：现代截肢康复的方法包括手术后安装临时假体，即在完成截肢手术后，医生为患者佩戴合适的临时假体。 大腿影像数据：研究采集的大腿数据包括膝上缘周径、膝上缘5 cm处周径、膝上缘10 cm处周径和膝上缘15 cm处周径，将大腿MRI数据导入3D重建软件，得到大腿截肢范围段表面积、体积。 大腿截肢范围段：为膝关节间隙上10-25 cm。 背景：目前假肢的制作是通过取型、修型、成型3个步骤完成的，由于修型过程是人工完成，与临床技师的经验技术密切相关，制作出来的假肢不美观，接受腔与残肢很难做到全接触。 目的：收集健康志愿者大腿MRI影像数据，评估成人大腿截肢范围段(膝关节间隙上10-25 cm)的对称性；将MRI影像数据建立成数据库，为下肢截肢患者匹配合适的术后即装假肢提供参考数据。 方法：招募40名健康志愿者，采集基本信息：年龄、身高、体质量、膝上缘周径、膝上缘5 cm处周径、膝上缘10 cm处周径和膝上缘15 cm处周径。所有志愿者对试验方案均知情同意，且得到医院伦理委员会批准。对大腿截肢范围进行三维重建，以模型的表面积、体积为参数，对每一例志愿者大腿进行解剖测量，利用三维逆向工程软件对测量结果进行3D偏差分析，完成大腿形态对称性的定量化和可视化分析。 结果与结论：①同体分析：同一个体左右大腿截肢范围段表面积之间的最大百分差异比不超过0.56%(P=0.109)；左右大腿截肢范围段体积之间最大百分差异比不超过1.19%(P=0.182)；三维偏差分析结果显示，最大平均负偏差为-1.47 mm，最大平均正偏差为1.14 mm。40例受试者的3D偏差分布78.02%在2 mm以内，20.97%在2.1-3.0 mm，仅1.01%大于3 mm。②异体分析：三维偏差分析结果显示，最大平均负偏差为-1.97 mm，而最大平均正偏差为1.89 mm。③提示成人双侧大腿截肢范围具有高度的解剖学对称性；当2名成人的膝上缘周径、膝上缘5 cm处周径、膝上缘10 cm周径和膝上缘15 cm处周径分别都相差在2 cm以内时，则认为这2名成人双侧大腿截肢范围段表面轮廓具有高度相似性，与性别、身高和体质量无关。 ORCID: 0000-0001-6838-3042(伍笑棋) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程