多层螺旋 CT 三维血管造影在肾动脉相关性疾病中的临床应用

[目的]评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）三维血管成像技术及其在肾动脉相关性疾病中的临床应用价值。[方法]回顾性分析39例肾动脉相关性疾病病人的MSCT造影增强检查，使用GELightspeed Ultra16排CT进行螺旋薄层扫描，扫描条件：层厚1．25mm，螺距1．75：l，转速0．5s，120KV，350～400MA，扫描总时间10～15S。造影剂总量80～100mL，注药速度3．5-4mL／s。在独立工作站上进行三维肾动脉重建，使用不同的旋转轴观察肾动脉的空间解剖细节及其与肿瘤性病变的关系。[结果]全部病例三维肾动脉血管图像能充分显示肾动脉的空间关系与解剖细节，为肾动脉性疾病与畸形病人做出明确诊断，而且能准确、直观地观察肾动脉与肾肿瘤的空间解剖关系，为手术提供较好的术前评价。其中空间结构显示VR最佳，狭窄测量及血管腔内观察2D-MIP最佳。[结论]MSCT三维肾动脉成像能够准确、直观的显示肾动脉的立体解剖特点，为肾动脉相关性疾病的在诊断与治疗提供重要依据。     

Ontogeny of aromatase and tyrosine hydroxylase activity and of aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the preoptic area of male and female Japanese quail

The aromatization of testosterone into oestrogens plays a key role in the control of many behavioural and physiological aspects of reproduction. In the quail preoptic area (POA), aromatase activity and the number of aromatase-immunoreactive (ARO-ir) cells are sexually differentiated (males > females). This sex difference is implicated in the control of the sexually dimorphic behavioural response of quail to testosterone. We analysed the ontogenetic development of this sex difference by measuring aromatase activity and counting ARO-ir cells in the POA of males and females from day 1 post hatch to sexual maturity. We investigated in parallel another enzyme: tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting step in catecholamine synthesis. Between hatching and 4 weeks of age, aromatase activity levels were low and equal in males and females. Aromatase activity then markedly increased in both sexes when subjects initiated their sexual maturation but this increase was more pronounced in males so that a marked difference in aromatase activity was present in 6 and 8 week-old subjects. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity progressively increased with age starting immediately after hatching and there was no abrupt modification in the slope of this increase when birds became sexually mature. No sex difference was detected in the activity of this enzyme. The number of ARO-ir cells in the POA progressively increased with age starting at hatching. No sex difference in ARO-ir cell numbers could be detected before subjects reached full sexual maturity. The analysis of the three-dimensional organization of ARO-ir cells in the POA revealed that, with increasing ages, ARO-ir cells acquire a progressively more lateral position: they are largely periventricular in young birds but they are found at higher density in the lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus in adults. These data indicate that aromatase activity differentiates sexually when birds reach sexual maturity presumably under the activating effects of the increased testosterone levels in males. The number of ARO-ir cells, however, begins to increase in a non sexually differentiated manner before the rise in plasma testosterone in parallel with the increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Whether this temporal coincidence results from a general ontogenetic pattern or from more direct causal links remains to be established.     

三维打印技术在药剂学中的应用

检索分析现有各类文献资料,并进行综合、整理与归纳,系统地介绍三维打印技术及其在缓控释给药装置研究和开发中的应用.由于三维打印技术的实用性、灵活性和有效性,在药剂学领域将有广泛的应用前景.     

Molecular monitoring of tumour load kinetics predicts disease progression after non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND: Non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation followed by immunomodulatory therapies is considered a potentially curative approach in the treatment of multiple myeloma and most effective in a minimal residual disease setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to find the most sensitive real-time PCR assay (TaqMan), based on the IGH rearrangement, to quantify the tumour load of 11 patients with multiple myeloma after non-myeloablative allogeneic transplantation. Patient-allele specific primers (ASO) and the TaqMan probe were derived from CDR2 and CDR3 hypervariable regions of IGH, while consensus primers were located within the FR3 and FR4/JH regions. Four different approaches of primer combinations were tested. RESULTS: ASO-forward and -reverse primers together with the clone-specific TaqMan probe were the most sensitive approach compared with the JH (P=0.071) or the FR3 consensus primer (P <0.001). The detection limit amounted to 1/10(4)-1/10(5) cells. Consecutively, 120 samples from 11 patients prior and post allogeneic transplantation were analysed. Three patients reached complete clinical remission accompanied by molecular remission. Disease progression or relapse was seen in six patients. In five, molecular progressive disease was detected prior to the clinical diagnosis of progression or relapse. CONCLUSION: Patient-specific real-time IGH-PCR provides the opportunity for earlier treatment intervention.     

Imaging spectrum in disseminated histoplasmosis: Case report and brief review

The clinical manifestations of chronic disseminated histoplasmosis are non-specific and resemble those of other chronic infections and malignancies. We report the radiographic, sonographic and contrast-enhanced CT appearances of histoplasmosis in an adult male with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, who was HIV negative and presented with weight loss and pyrexia. Imaging studies simulated tuberculosis with mediastinal lymphadenopathy, bilateral fibrotic lung lesions, hepatomegaly and bilateral hypoattenuating adrenal enlargement, without clinical or laboratory evidence of hypoadrenalism. Computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of adrenal glands revealed Histoplasma capsulatum. We report our experience to increase awareness of the imaging spectrum of disseminated histoplasmosis and its similarity to tuberculosis as, with increasing incidence of AIDS, the chances of these infections are likely to increase. Moreover, awareness of this entity is important because it is known that untreated disseminated histoplasmosis is fatal.     

诱导脂肪干细胞成软骨分化的研究进展

由创伤或其他病因引起的关节软骨病变通常难以自愈,且目前临床上的治疗方法疗效欠佳。脂肪干细胞 (adipose derived stem cells,ADSCs)是一种来自脂肪组织、具有多向分化潜能的干细胞,基于ADSCs成软骨分化能力的 组织工程学疗法为关节软骨缺损的修复再生提供了新的思路。体外诱导ADSCs分化成软骨的方法主要是采用生长因 子和支架材料模拟体内微环境,进而促进ADSCs向软骨细胞分化,其相关应用已取得初步成功。     

RT-3DE定量评价心梗患者PCI术前后左室功能的变化

为探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)定量评估心梗患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前后左室收缩功能及同步性参数的变化,选取100例接受PCI治疗的心肌梗死患者和100例正常对照组,应用RT-3DE技术对正常对照组和心梗患者PCI术前及术后1个月测量左心室收缩功能及同步性参数并进行比较。心梗患者PCI术前组左心室各功能参数值均劣于正常对照组,而术后1个月左心室各参数值均较术前明显改善。PCI术前、术后应用RT-3DE能够准确定位、定量反映左心室收缩功能及运动同步性,对心肌梗死的临床诊断及疗效评估具有重要价值。     

实时细胞电子分析技术用于水蛭、三七质量评价的初步研究

采用实时细胞电子分析技术测定水蛭、三七不同样本的时间剂量依赖性细胞反应曲线(TCRPs),对不同产地样本的TCRPs进行分析,并对生物活性强弱进行排序.同时,采用中国药典2010年版中的化学检测法和凝血酶滴定法分别对水蛭、三七各样本进行同步分析,比较不同检测方法得出结果的相关性.可见以实时细胞电子分析技术为基础的细胞生物活性测定结果与另两法所得结果基本一致.说明本技术能反映中药生物活性,有望为中药质量标准研究提供一种新方法.     

Diagnostic tools for Toscana virus infection

Toscana virus (TOSV; Phlebovirus, Bunyaviridae) is an important etiological agent of acute meningitis and meningoencephalitis in Mediterranean countries. Laboratory diagnosis has been carried out in serological studies using ELISA, immunofluorescence and/or neutralization tests that are not influenced by the virus viability; however, in the acute phase of the infection, nucleic acid amplification techniques are the methods of choice to diagnose viral meningitis from cerebrospinal fluid samples. Molecular methods are rapid and sensitive and, unlike traditional methods, such as virus isolation by cell culture, they are not influenced by the viability of the virus in the clinical specimen; however, the RNA integrity is crucial for the success of these methods. Real-time PCR is the most important molecular method used in laboratories worldwide, since it is less time-consuming and it reduces the risk of contamination. Therefore, a sensitive real-time PCR has been developed for diagnosis of suspected cases of TOSV infection either autochthonous and/or imported, since a new lineage of TOSV, divergent from the Italian prototype, has recently been reported in Spain.