Dietary factors and the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer among black and white men in the United States

Objectives: To investigate dietary factors for squamous cell esophageal cancer and whether these factors may contribute to the five-fold higher incidence of this cancer in the black versus white population of the United States.Methods: Data from a food frequency questionnaire were analyzed for 114 white men and 219 black men with squamous cell esophageal cancer, and 681 white and 557 black male controls from three areas of the United States who participated in a population-based case-control study of esophageal cancer.Results: Protective effects were associated with intake of raw fruits and vegetables (odds ratio for high versus low consumers=0.3 in both white and black men) and use of vitamin supplements (especially vitamin C; odds ratio for high versus low consumers=0.4 in both races), with the frequency of consumption of raw fruits and vegetables and vitamin supplements being greater for white than black controls. In addition, elevated risks were associated with high versus low intake of red meat (OR=2.7 for blacks and 1.5 for whites) and processed meat (OR=1.6 for blacks and 1.7 for whites), with the levels of consumption being greater for black than white controls.Conclusions: In the United States, these dietary factors may contribute in part to the much higher incidence of squamous cell esophageal cancer among black compared to white men.     

醋制甘遂用醋量对其毒性及药效的影响

目的：考察不同醋量炮制甘遂对其毒性及药效的影响.方法：采用急性实验（测LD50）、祛痰实验,酚红排泌法,及利尿实验,滤纸法,.结果：甘遂醋制后毒性明显降低,利尿作用有所缓和,生品和30%（每100,kg甘遂用醋30kg）醋量甘遂醋制品祛痰效果较好,而50%（每100,kg甘遂用醋50kg）、100%（每100kg甘遂用醋100kg）醋量甘遂醋制品较生品差.结论：甘遂炮制以30%醋制.     

电热蒸汽发生器的研制及应用

指出使用锅炉高压蒸汽灭菌器的缺点，重点介绍了利用电热蒸汽法进行消毒的研制过程及实际应用价值。     

恩七叶甜、恩五叶蜜与绞股蓝原变种成分分析及显著性测验

目的 :为合理开发利用药食两用植物绞股蓝提供依据 ;方法 :将恩七叶甜、恩五叶蜜两个新品种与绞股蓝原变种 (苦味 )按方差分析要求种植在相同的生态环境中给予相同的田间管理 ,同时播种和收获干全草进行成分分析 ;结果 :2个新品所含人参总皂苷、总氨基酸、维生素E、维生素B₁、维生素B₂ 分别高于绞股蓝原变种 33.3% ,34.3% ;11.8% ,4.7% ;76 % ,45 .8% ;46 % ,76 .1% ;41.2 % ,25 % ,均达到极显著水平 ;总糖分别低于绞股蓝原变种16.3% ,4.4 %。结论 :两个新品种不仅各有风味 ,适口性好 ,而且有效成分含量更高 ,应用领域更宽 ,市场需求量更大 ,医疗保健效果更好 ,更具有工业开发价值。     

经典名方中玄参的本草考证

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料，对经典名方中所用饴糖的名称、品种、原料及制作工艺进行了考证，为含有饴糖的经典名方开发利用提供依据。经考证可知，饴糖之名历代多源于其形态、质地、制法、原料及产地。古代所用饴糖根据质地不同，主要分为软、硬两类，湿软如蜜者称为“饴”或“胶饴”，质硬色白的则称为“饧”“糖”，现代则多称为麦芽糖，入药仅用胶饴，饧则多作食用；历代药用胶饴推崇糯米（来源于Oryza sativa var. glutinosa）为原料，以大麦Hordeum vulgare制蘖，经过发酵、煎煮、浓缩制备而成，而粟米（来源于Setaria italica var. germanica）、黍Panicum miliaceum等其他谷物为原料制成的饴糖品质次之。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》未收录饴糖，收载了药用辅料麦芽糖，为纯度较高的结晶粉；但国家食品标准与地方炮制规范中收录了饴糖。基于考证结果，建议经典名方开发中所用胶饴可参考GB/T 20883—2017中的麦芽糖浆，并明确以糯米、大麦为原料。     

中西医结合治疗新生儿呕吐51例

目的:观察中西医结合治疗新生儿呕吐的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年4月—2014年4月本院收治的102例患儿,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各51例。对照组行西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上服用生大黄水,比较两组患儿的临床疗效。结果:观察组有效率为90.20%,对照组有效率为60.78%,两组有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患儿呕吐停止时间与鼻饲停止时间分别为(51.67±30.02)h、(63.32±31.30)h,均显著优于对照组患儿的(74.35±30.22)h、(85.32±31.28)h,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗新生儿呕吐可明显提高临床疗效,缩短疗程。     

丁香茄挥发油成分GC-MS分析

目的分析丁香茄中挥发油的化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取丁香茄中挥发油,用GC-MS法测定和分析其化学组分。结果共鉴定了19个成分,占总峰面积的96%,按相对峰面积计,其中含亚油酸为62.8%,总脂肪酸和其他酯约占72%。结论丁香茄挥发油的主要成分为脂肪酸,为开发利用丁香茄资源提供了实验依据。     

Studies on the Oxidation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Two Nb-Modified HR3C Austenitic Steels under Pure Water Vapor at 650 °C

The steam oxidation behavior of three heterogeneous HR3C alloys was investigated at 650 °C comparatively. After a long-term oxidation process for 1000 h, the results demonstrated that the commercial HR3C alloy already exhibited a high oxidation resistance. However, the spallation resistance of the oxide scale was low during the initial oxidation period. The addition of a moderate amount of Nb into the alloy (1#HR3C) increased the oxidation resistance of the alloy. In addition, the improvement of the microstructural stability was substantially influenced by solid solution strengthening and fine grain strengthening. However, the addition of excessive Nb could significantly affect the growth model of the oxide scale and negatively affect the oxidation performance and microstructural evolution of the alloy (2#HR3C).     

顶空固相微萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法联合气相色谱-质谱分析肿节风挥发性成分

目的：比较顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）与水蒸气蒸馏法（SD）提取肿节风中挥发性成分的差异。方法：采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术分析肿节风挥发性成分。结果：采用HS-SPME-GC-MS共分离出59个色谱峰,鉴定出40个化合物,占总挥发性成分的88.47%;SD-GC-MS共分离出59个色谱峰,鉴别出38个化合物,占总挥发性成分的90.04%;2种不同前处理技术共同鉴定出的挥发性成分有11种。结论：HS-SPME与SD联合GC-MS适用于分析不同类型挥发性化学成分,将两种方法联用分析肿节风挥发性成分能够得到更加全面的信息。