中药理论背后的隐性知识

历代本草著作均为博物之作，中药理论的形成与发展受多方面因素影响。传统文化中的鸟文化与禽类药物理论、饮食文化与滑类药物理论关系密切。药物在传统手工业、加工业及日常生活中的应用，同样影响到中药理论的形成与发展。文献学知识及实地采集辨识药物也是理解学习中药理论的基础。     

A Non-Ersatz Material Approach for the Topology Optimization of Elastic Structures Based on Piecewise Constant Level Set Method

The topology optimization of a linearized elasticity system with the area (volume) constraint is investigated. A non-ersatz material approach is proposed. By introducing a fixed background domain, the linearized elasticity system is extended into the background domain by a characteristic function. The piecewise constant level set (PCLS) method is applied to represent the original material region and the void region. A quadratic function of PCLS function is proposed to replace the characteristic function. The functional derivative of the objective functional with respect to PCLS function is derived, which is zero in the void region and nonzero in the original material region. A penalty gradient algorithm is proposed. Four numerical experiments of 2D and 3D elastic structures with different boundary conditions are presented, illustrating the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

Structural Response Prediction of Thin-Walled Additively Manufactured Parts Considering Orthotropy,Thickness Dependency and Scatter

Besides the design freedom offered by additive manufacturing, another asset lies within its potential to accelerate product development processes by rapid fabrication of functional prototypes. The premise to fully exploit this benefit for lightweight design is the accurate structural response prediction prior to part production. However, the peculiar material behavior, characterized by anisotropy, thickness dependency and scatter, still constitutes a major challenge. Hence, a modeling approach for finite element analysis that accounts for this inhomogeneous behavior is developed by example of laser-sintered short-fiber-reinforced polyamide 12. Orthotropic and thickness-dependent Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios were determined via quasi-static tensile tests. Thereof, material models were generated and implemented in a property mapping routine for finite element models. Additionally, a framework for stochastic finite element analysis was set up for the consideration of scatter in material properties. For validation, thin-walled parts on sub-component level were fabricated and tested in quasi-static three-point bending experiments. Elastic parameters showed considerable anisotropy, thickness dependency and scatter. A comparison of the predicted forces with experimentally evaluated reaction forces disclosed substantially improved accuracy when utilizing the novel inhomogeneous approach instead of conventional homogeneous approaches. Furthermore, the variability observed in the structural response of loaded parts could be reproduced by the stochastic simulations.     

基于系统药理学对山茱萸“救脱”原理的物质基础研究

目的：根据经典中医文献及现代研究探索山茱萸发挥"救脱"功能的原理，发掘潜在的治疗"脱证"等疾病的未被开发的活性化合物。方法：利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台（TCMSP）获取山茱萸的化学成分，并根据Lipinski规则（LR）、口服生物利用度（Oral bioavailability，OB）以及药物相似性（Drug-likeness，DL）对潜在的生物活性成分进行分析鉴定；利用BATMAN-TCM对获得的活性成分进行生物信息学分析。结果：从山茱萸中获得226种化学成分，并根据LR、OB及DL特性筛选出潜在有效成分19个。并分析这些有效成分相作用的靶点，构建h-c-t-d网络关系。结论：发现山茱萸可能是通过硬脂酸、亚麻酸、亚麻油酸等化合物，影响ALOX5AP、BDKRB2、PTGS2、SCN5A等靶点，通过提高血压，强心，镇痛的协同作用，达到救脱的目的。     

A Review of Polymer-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

The polymer stabilized state of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) is reviewed; and the effect of a dispersed polymer network in an FLC outlined and discussed. All fundamental material aspects are demonstrated; such as director tilt angle; spontaneous polarization; response time and viscosity; as well as the dielectric modes. It was found that the data can largely be explained by assuming an elastic interaction between the polymer network strands and the liquid crystal molecules. The elastic interaction parameter was determined; and increases linearly with increasing polymer concentration.