那格列奈治疗2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的观察那格列奈和格列苯脲治疗后2型糖尿病患者血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_(1c))及胰岛素浓度等指标的变化。方法71例2型糖尿病患者随机分为2组,那格列奈组口服那格列奈一日3次,每次120mg,格列苯脲组口服格列苯脲一日3次,每次2.5mg,均治疗4周。治疗后观察空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hpBG)、HbA_(1c)、空腹胰岛素浓度(F-Ins)、餐后2小时胰岛素浓度(2hIns)、血压、甘油三酯(TG)和体重指数(BMI)等指标。结果那格列奈降糖效果与格列苯脲相似,但餐后胰岛素浓度未见升高,前者安全性优于后者。结论那格列奈用于2型糖尿病治疗疗效好,安全性高。     

南瓜多糖对链脲菌素诱导的大鼠胰岛损伤的保护作用

目的:观察南瓜多糖(PP)对链脲菌素诱导的大鼠胰岛损伤的影响。方法:建立链脲菌素性糖尿病模型,PP(150,300,600mg·kg-1)灌胃3周进行治疗。检测大鼠空腹血糖值、血清胰岛素含量以及血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二酰二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)的水平;观察链脲菌素性糖尿病大鼠胰岛细胞的超微结构的变化。结果:PP(300,600mg·kg-1)能显著降低STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖值;PP(600mg·kg-1)能升高糖尿病大鼠血清中的胰岛素值;PP(300,600mg.kg-1)治疗后,糖尿病大鼠血清中SOD值明显增加,MDA、NO的含量显著减少;大鼠胰岛细胞的超微结构显示PP对STZ损伤的胰岛细胞具有保护作用。结论:PP对链脲菌素诱导的大鼠胰岛损伤具有保护作用。     

中西医结合治疗小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎疗效观察

目的观察自拟中药理气化痰汤治疗小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎的临床疗效。方法将肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿40例随机分为中西医结合组20例和西药组20例，2组均应用青霉素G静脉滴注和利巴韦林片口服，必要时给予退热和解痘止痛等对症处理；治疗组同时加用自拟中药理气化痰汤，1周为1个疗程。治疗过程中观察临床症状改善或消失情况及退热和解痉止痛药等使用情况，判断近期疗效。结果2组腹痛治愈率比较差异具有统计意义（P〈O．05），伴随症状改善或消失时间比较有高度统计意义（P〈0．01），退热药、解痉药使用次数相比有高度统计意义（P〈0．01）。结论中西医结合治疗小儿急性肠系膜淋巴结炎疗效较好。     

Enterohepatic Circulation,Urinary Excretion and Laxative Action of Some Bisacodyl Derivatives after Intragastric Administration in the Rat

Abstract: Bisacodyl (BIS), the parent diphenol (DES) and its sulphuric acid di-ester (picosulphate = PICO) were given by stomach tube to fasted rats at a dose of 3.1 μmol/100 g rat. Bile was sampled in the periods 0–6, 6–12 and 12–18 hrs after drug administration, and assayed for total diphenol (= free + conjugated) by HPLC. Mean fractions (% of dose±S.E.M.) excreted in 5 rats per compound and period were: BIS 74.0±4.7, 51.9±7.9 and 30.8±2.5; DES 41.2±4.3, 46.8±4.7 and 25.1±2.5; PICO 9.0±0.9, 26.0±5.4 and 19.6±3.1. Only minor amounts were excreted as free diphenol. Urine samples taken by bladder puncture and assayed as above furthermore showed that the renal excretion of total diphenol was insignificant compared to the amounts excreted in bile. Practically no diphenol was present in urine 0–6 hrs after the administration of PICO. In experiments with BIS and DES at 0.85 μmol/100 g, total diphenol excreted in bile during 0–6 hrs was: BIS 67.1±2.6 (n = 5); DES: 55.4±3.0 (5). - The latency time for laxative effect was studied in groups of 10 unfasted rats per compound. Cumulative time response curves showed that PICO caused diarrhoea more promptly at 0.85 μmol/100 g than either BIS or DES. In most rats, this delayed action of BIS and DES persisted also at 1.7 μmol/100 g. At 3.1 μmol/100 g, however, the majority of the rats reacted as promptly to these two compounds as to PICO. These results are discussed in relation to the biliary excretion experiments, and interpreted in terms of the relative importance at the different dose levels of: 1. The enterohepatic recirculated fraction, and 2. The non-absorbed fraction, which passes directly to the large intestine. For PICO, the latter fraction is the single determinant of the effect, which is triggered when the di-ester is being hydrolyzed to active diphenol in this part of the GI-tract.     

侧脑室注射组胺对大鼠哮喘样反应可能有调节作用

目的观察组胺侧脑室注射对抗原攻击致敏大鼠引起的支气管收缩反应及气道炎症的影响。方法致敏大鼠侧脑室注射组胺后测定抗原激发前后的气道阻力和肺动态顺应性。计数支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞总数和分类计数。病理切片观察肺组织炎症细胞浸润情况。结果组胺(0.1μg.只-1)侧脑室注射明显抑制抗原攻击致敏大鼠所致的气道阻力升高和肺动态顺应性的降低,也明显降低BALF内的白细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞的数量(P<0.01,P<0.01),减少气道粘膜下和血管周围的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。结论组胺侧脑室注射能抑制大鼠支气管收缩反应及气道炎症,提示中枢组胺水平升高可能对大鼠哮喘样反应有调节作用。     

血清总免疫球蛋白E和特异性免疫球蛋白E联合检测在小儿喘息性疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的：研究血清总免疫球蛋白E(tIgE)和特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)联合检测在小儿喘息性疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2011年9月~2014年9月本院收治的60例喘息性疾病患儿作为观察组,选取同期体检健康的30例小儿作为对照组,观察组患儿均已经过临床实验检测诊断证实为喘息性疾病。采用酶联免疫法检测两组儿童的血清tIgE、sIgE水平,并将相应结果进行比较。结果观察组患儿的tIgE、sIgE水平分别为(501±219)U/ml、(3450±1240)U/L,显著高于对照组相应水平,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);60例患儿中,65%(36/60)患儿的血清免疫球蛋白偏高,45%(27/60)有变态反应症状;单独采用tIgE检测的灵敏度为67%,单独采用sIgE检测的灵敏度为65%,两者联合检测的灵敏度为78%,ROC曲线下面积为89.25。结论小儿喘息性疾病与免疫球蛋白水平具有密切的关系,采用血清tIgE和sIgE联合检测可以显著提高小儿喘息性疾病的检出率,值得临床推广应用。     

西格列汀与瑞格列奈治疗初诊2型糖尿病的临床疗效对比

目的 比较西格列汀与瑞格列奈治疗初诊2型糖尿病（T2DM）的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析104例初诊T2DM患者的临床资料,其中54例为西格列汀治疗（G组）,50例为瑞格列奈治疗（R组）。比较两组治疗前后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平及糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）达标率、体质指数（BMI）变化量和低血糖发生率。结果 两组治疗后的FPG、2hPG、HbA1c水平均明显低于治疗前,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但组间差异无统计学意义。两组治疗前后的TG、TC、HDL-C水平均无明显变化。两组HbA1c达标率无统计学意义,G组BMI变化量及低血糖发生率明显低于R组,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 西格列汀与瑞格列奈治疗初诊T2DM患者均能有效降低血糖,对血脂无明显影响,但西格列汀在控制BMI和减少低血糖方面更有优势。     

Evidence that genetic deletion of the TNF receptor p60 or p80 inhibits Fas mediated apoptosis in macrophages

Almost 19 members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily have been identified that interact with 29 different receptors. Whether these receptors communicate with each other is not understood. Recently, we have shown that receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand signaling is modulated by genetic deletion of the TNF receptor. In the current report, we investigated the possibility of a cross-talk between Fas and TNF-alpha signaling pathway in macrophage cell lines derived from wild-type (WT) mice and from mice with genetic deletion of the type 1 TNF receptor (p60(-/-)), the type 2 TNF receptor (p80(-/-)), or both receptors (p60(-/-)p80(-/-)). We found that the macrophages expressing TNF receptors were highly sensitive to apoptosis induced by anti-Fas. The genetic deletion of TNF receptors, however, made the cells resistance to anti-Fas-induced apoptosis. Anti-Fas induced activation of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage in WT cells but not in TNF receptor-deleted cells. This difference was found to be independent of the expression of Fas, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) or TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD). We found that anti-Fas induced recruitment of TNFR1 into Fas-complex. We also found that TRADD, which mediates TNF signaling, was constitutively bound to Fas receptor in TNF receptor-deleted cells but not in wild-type cells. Transient transfection of TNFR1 in TNFR1-deleted cells sensitized them to anti-Fas-induced apoptosis. Overall our results demonstrate that Fas signaling is modulated by the TNF receptors and thus provide the evidence of cross-talk between the receptors of two cytokines.     

替罗非班对糖尿病并ST段抬高急性心肌梗死PC I术后支架再狭窄的影响

目的探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术应用国产替罗非班对糖尿病ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人支架植入术后再狭窄的影响。方法104例首发ST段抬高AMI且有糖尿病并接受急诊PCI治疗的病人,随机分为替罗非班组(n=51)和常规治疗组(n=53),替罗非班组病人诊断后即刻给予替罗非班氯化钠注射液10μg·kg~(-1)于3 min内推注完毕,术后替罗非班0.15μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)滴注24～36h,其余治疗同常规治疗组。均于术后6mo复查冠状动脉造影,了解支架内再狭窄的发生情况。结果与常规治疗组比较,替罗非班组术后6 mo支架再狭窄发生率减少(18%vs 10%),差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论替罗非班可降低糖尿病并ST段抬高急性心肌梗死病人急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后支架再狭窄的发生。     

太子参多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的治疗作用

目的观察太子参多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的治疗作用。方法选用雄性小鼠,尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶90 mg.kg-1建立小鼠糖尿病模型,太子参多糖按0.375、0.75、1.5 g.kg-1三种剂量给药,测定了糖尿病小鼠体重、空腹血糖、肝糖原含量以及免疫器官脾脏和胸腺的脏体指数。结果太子参多糖可显著降低糖尿病小鼠血糖,增加体重,增加肝糖原含量,增加脾脏和胸腺指数。结论太子参多糖对糖尿病小鼠具有显著的治疗作用。