复合保温措施在腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者手术室护理中的应用

目的探讨复合保温护理措施在腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者手术室护理中应用的效果。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2019年2月—2020年2月在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院行腹腔镜全子宫切除术的80例患者为研究对象。按入院时间先后分为对照组和观察组,对照组40例患者采用常规手术室护理,观察组40例患者在此基础上采用复合保温护理,比较两组患者术中体温、拔管时间、麻醉复苏时间和不良反应发生情况。结果观察组术中体温为(36.59±0.23)℃,高于对照组的(35.61±0.21)℃,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组拔管时间及麻醉复苏时间分别为(27.05±6.14)、(25.15±6.08)min,均短于对照组的(36.46±6.59)、(33.86±6.24)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组患者寒战、躁动发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用复合保温护理措施有助于改善腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者手术过程中的体温,促进术后苏醒,减少不良反应发生。     

Evaluation of the posttraumatic growth inventory after severe burn injury in Western Australia: clinical implications for use

Purpose: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is “the subjective experience of positive psychological change reported as a result of the struggle with trauma”. Very few studies have explored PTG after burn injury. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) is a 21-item questionnaire which assesses five domains in which PTG has been found. First, the aim of this study was to assess how PTG presented after a severe burn, and second, whether it could be measured by the PTGI in Australian burn survivors.

Methods: A mixed method approach was used. Seventeen patients who had a severe burn injury at least 2 years previously were interviewed and completed the PTGI. The interviews were analyzed, then compared to the PTGI responses.

Results: PTG in burn survivors had similarities to PTG arising from other trauma. Burn-specific context such as heat intolerance and functional problems influenced the type of changes made. Barriers to PTG in relationships were related to guilt burden and visible scarring.

Conclusion: PTG presents similarly after burn to other trauma types, but has other features to consider when devising intervention strategies. The PTGI is a 5-min screening tool that adequately identifies the presence or absence of PTG in burn survivors in Western Australia, and can guide intervention.

• Implications for rehabilitation:

• The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory is a 5-min screening tool that adequately identifies the degree of PTG in burn survivors in Western Australia.

• It is a quick and easy tool to use to identify the need for clinical intervention.

• It will also evaluate the effectiveness of strategies designed to target PTG.

• A mean score of 2.5 can be used as a threshold to guide intervention strategy.

     

A new method to quantify postexercise ST‐deviation – the ST‐deficit. A study in men at high and low‐risk for coronary heart disease

Background Quantitative heart rate adjusted exercise ST criteria like μV/beats per minute (bpm) improve the diagnostic accuracy of the exercise ECG. However, there are few quantitative HR adjusted postexercise variables available. The aim of the present exercise study was to evaluate a new such variable from computerized averaging of the postexercise ECG. Methods The presence of possible myocardial ischaemia in a population based sample of 74 elderly male hypertensives at high‐risk of coronary heart disease, and in 42 age‐matched clinically healthy males (reference group) at low‐risk was assessed by exercise ECG. All men had a normal resting ECG without signs of ischaemia. Variables studied: standard ST‐criteria, ST/HR slope ≤–2·4 μV · bpm^–1, shape of the rate‐recovery loop, the latter also with a new quantitative variable, the ST‐deficit. Results In spite of a normal resting ECG many subjects showed an abnormal ST/HR slope during exercise, 43% in the hypertension group and 26% in the reference group. An abnormal rate‐recovery loop (ST‐deficit) also contributed substantially to identify patients with possible myocardial ischaemia, 30 vs. 10%, respectively (P<0·02); cumulatively for the two HR adjusted criteria 53% vs. 29%, respectively (P<0·02). Mean ST‐deficit was significantly lower in the high‐risk group. Conclusions Effort‐related myocardial ischaemia is frequently silent in elderly high‐risk hypertensives and necessitates testing, preferably with computerized exercise ECG and heart rate adjusted ST criteria. A new quantitative variable to assess the postexercise rate‐recovery loop in the time domain, the ST‐deficit is described. This variable seems to effectively discriminate between subjects with low and high‐risk for coronary heart disease and thus provides new information. Further studies are warranted to validate this variable against myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary angiography.     

脑血管病急性期的康复与护理

对４７例脑血管病患者采用急性期康复治疗，并与非急性期康复治疗组４４例进行对比观察，Ｐ＜０．０１，差异非常显著。结果提示：脑血管病患者的康复治疗宜早期进行。     

早期康复训练对急性脑卒中患者功能恢复的影响

目的探讨早期康复训练对急性脑卒中患者功能恢复的影响。方法对32例脑出血和49例脑梗死患者实施了系统的4阶段康复训练,应用Barthel指数和简式Fugl-Meyer积分法分别对康复组和对照组患者于入院、出院和病后6个月随访期间予以评定。结果康复组和对照组在出院以及随访时,患者的功能均有改善,但康复组功能改善程度明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论提示早期康复训练对急性脑卒中患者功能恢复具有积极意义。     

排气汤对剖宫产术后胃肠功能恢复的影响

目的分析排气汤促进剖宫产术后胃肠功能恢复的作用。方法采用随机数字表法将2018年1月—2019年1月收治的120例剖宫产术产妇分为对照组(60例)、观察组(60例)。对照组产妇采用优质护理模式,观察组在对照组基础上结合中医排气汤治疗,对比2组产妇术后肠胃功能恢复效果以及术后12 h的腹胀、恶心呕吐、发热的症状积分。结果术后72 h,观察组产妇腹胀、恶心呕吐、发热等症状积分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇术后首次排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排便时间较对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对剖宫产产妇术后施以排气汤可有效降低其肠胃功能症状,促进肠胃功能恢复。     

神经干细胞与NT-3基因修饰雪旺细胞联合移植促进全横断脊髓损伤大鼠功能修复的实验研究

目的：探讨神经干细胞(NSCs)与神经营养素-3(NT-3)基因修饰雪旺细胞(SCs)联合移植对全横断脊髓损伤大鼠的后肢运动及神经传导功能修复的作用。方法：将：NSCs与NT-3基因修饰SCs或未基因修饰SCs联合移植，或NSCs单独移植到大鼠全横断性脊髓损伤处，60d后进行爬网格测验和BBB评分检测运动功能。第67d，进行皮质运动诱发电位(CMEP)和皮质感觉诱发电位(CSEP）检测脊髓的神经传导功能。结果：脊髓损伤大鼠后肢的运动功能及CMEP和CSEP的修复程度依次为NSCs与NT-3基因修饰SCs联合移植组，NSCs与未基因修饰SCs联合移植组，NSCs单独移植组和实验对照组。结论：NSCs与NT-3基因修饰SCs联合移植能够促进脊髓损伤后大鼠的后肢运动及神经传导功能的修复。     

被动运动对家兔周围神经挤压伤后功能恢复的影响

目的研究被动运动对周围神经挤压伤后神经功能恢复的影响。方法用电生理学和组织学的方法观察被动运动对周围神经挤压伤后早期再生和运动功能恢复的影响，并与夹板固定组进行比较。结果康复组神经传导速度比夹板组快（P〈0．05），潜伏期缩短（P〈0．05）。康复组的髓鞘厚度、单位面积的有髓纤维数目、再生轴突直径均比夹板组大（P〈0．05）。康复组小腿三头肌湿重比夹板组大（P〈0．01）。结论被动运动能促进胫神经挤压伤后早期再生和运动功能的恢复。     

Aceleração da recuperação após protocolo cirúrgico versus cuidados perioperatórios convencionais em cirurgia colorretal. Um estudo de coorte em centro único

Background

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols consist of a set of perioperative measures aimed at improving patient recovery and decreasing length of stay and postoperative complications. We assess the implementation and outcomes of an ERAS program for colorectal surgery.