健全废品回收网络提高资源利用率

在调查上海废品回收情况的基础上，介绍了上海市卢湾区鑫港废品回收利用有限公司成立背景、运作体系、网络体系、取得成效，得出健全的废品回收系统可极大地对城市垃圾源头减量、分流，提高废物的资源利用率。     

Evaluation of temporal and spatial characteristics of 2D HYPR processing using simulations.

Highly constrained back-projection (HYPR) is a data acquisition and reconstruction method that provides very rapid frame update rates and very high spatial resolution for a time series of images while maintaining a good signal-to-noise ratio and high image quality. In this study we used simulations to evaluate the temporal and spatial characteristics of images produced using the HYPR algorithm. The simulations demonstrate that spatial accuracy is well maintained in the images and the temporal changes in signal intensity are represented with high fidelity. The waveforms representing signal intensity as a function of time obtained from regions-of-interest placed in simulated objects track the true curves very well, with variations from the truth occurring only when objects with very different temporal behavior are very close to each other. However, even when objects with different temporal characteristics are touching, their influences on each other are small.     

Early awareness of emerging risks associated with food and feed production: Synopsis of pertinent work carried out within the SAFE FOODS project

This introduction to the journal’s supplement on emerging food and feed safety issues summarizes the objectives and activities of the EU-funded SAFE FOODS project in general and its work package focusing on the early identification of emerging food safety risks, in particular. Within this work package, a number of studies have been carried out on methods enabling the early awareness, identification, and prevention of emerging issues before they can become real risks. The various reviews in this supplement explore the background of the emergence of known food safety risks, both of microbial and chemical/biochemical nature, as well the methods that can be used to identify such risks. Another review identifies a number of chemical and microbiological hazards that are likely to be affected by a changing climate. A major conclusion from these explorative reviews is that monitoring and information exchange systems or procedures are in place to detect, in an early phase, the emergence of potential food safety risks linked to known hazards. Additional systems are needed to predict the development of new potential food safety risks, which are linked to either new hazards or known hazards to which exposure has been altered.     

垂体柄在低场FLAIR像上的信号特征

目的研究在低场液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)像上垂体柄的信号特征。方法对临床证实垂体无器质性病变的30例成年人行轴位、正中矢状位和冠状位FLAIR扫描,并测量垂体柄的信号强度。结果在轴位、矢状位和冠状位FLAIR像上垂体柄的信号强度分别为(714.77±53.95)ms、(603.40±63.59)ms和(604.23±59.95)ms。所有测量结果按男女分组进行统计学分析没有显著性差异。垂体柄在轴位FLAIR像上的信号强度高于在正中矢状位和冠状位FLAIR像上的信号强度(P<0.01)。结论垂体柄在轴位FLAIR图像上常呈高信号强度,而在矢状位和冠状位FLAIR像上由于低信号脑脊液的部分容积效应使垂体柄的信号强度降低。     

Rapid Early Response, Cognitive Modification, and Nonspecific Factors in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression: A Reply to Tang and DeRubeis

Tang and DeRubeis (this issue) challenge the Ilardi and Craighead (1994) hypothesis that nonspecific factors mediate a large proportion of clinical improvement In cognitive behavior therapy (CUT) for depression, and argue that Beck's cognitive hypothesis is not contradicted by the phenomenon of rapid early treatment response. They propose (a) that cognitive modification techniques are introduced in CBT as early as Session 2, (b) that dose-response analyses are inconsistent with the rapid early response pattern, and (c) that observed heterogeneity of patient temporal response curves is problematic for the nonspecific factors hypothesis. In response, we note that (a) there is no compelling evidence that cognitive modification techniques are routinely implemented prior to Week 3 of CBT, (b) disproportionately rapid improvement In depressive symptoms typically occurs over the first six sessions (3 weeks) of CBT, and (c) the two newly reported heterogeneous temporal response patterns are each consistent with the hypothesis of nonspecific mediation of clinical improvement.     

周围性面神经综合康复治疗效果观察

周围性面神经炎系临床所见、多发病之一,治疗方法较多,我科自2005年2月-2008年2月采用微波、超短波、康复功能训练配合药物,综合治疗此疾病患者93例,取得取较好的疗效,现报道如下.     

Posterior corneal curvature change and recovery after 6 months of overnight orthokeratology treatment

Purpose: To investigate the changes in, and recovery of, posterior corneal curvature after 6 months of overnight orthokeratology (ortho‐k). Methods: Twenty‐eight healthy young adults were recruited for a 6‐month period of ortho‐k treatment and data from their right eyes were analyzed. The mean ± standard deviation spherical equivalent refraction (SER) at baseline was ?2.95 ± 0.88 D. Posterior simulated keratometry (Sim K) readings were measured with a corneal topographer based on rotating Scheimpflug imaging. The three phases in the study were the 6‐month treatment period (Phase I); diurnal changes over a period of 8 h immediately after lens removal at the completion of the treatment period (Phase II); and a 2‐month recovery period after cessation of treatment (Phase III). Measurements were taken after lens wear overnight, and after 1 week, and 1, 2, 3 and 6 months of lens wear in Phase I. In Phase II, measurements were taken immediately, and then 2, 4 and 8 h after lens removal. In Phase III, corneal parameters were monitored 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months after cessation of ortho‐k treatment. Results: In Phase I, the posterior Sim K readings were significantly steepened after the first overnight lens wear. These significant changes were not found at other visits. In Phase II, the posterior Sim K readings were the steepest immediately after lens removal and significantly flattened 2 h after lens removal. In Phase III, all the posterior Sim K readings were similar to the baseline results. Conclusions: Steepening of the posterior cornea was only observed immediately after lens removal. It returns to its original shape within 2 h after cessation of lens wear. These changes appear to be in line with recent reports of the diurnal variation in the posterior corneal shape in non‐contact lens wearers. The reduction in myopia from ortho‐k treatment is therefore mainly due to a flattening of the anterior cornea.     

Dynamic corticospinal white matter connectivity changes during stroke recovery: A diffusion tensor probabilistic tractography study

Purpose

To investigate corticospinal tract connectivity changes at the cortical surface using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography during recovery from stroke.

Materials and Methods

Using data from 10 stroke patients (four subcortical) and six elderly controls, we developed an automated method to quantify altered motor connectivity that involves the use of a simplified cortical surface model as a seed mask with target regions defined within the corticospinal tracts to initiate a probabilistic tractography algorithm.

Results

We found no change in volume overlap of the generated corticospinal tracts in the stroke patients compared to controls, but significant connectivity changes at the boundary of the simplified cortical surface mask, especially within the ipsilesional hemisphere of stroke patients over time. Using the cortical regions with significantly enhanced connectivity as a seed mask on the patient data, tracts that are directly associated with stroke recovery can be delineated. Measures of uncertainty in fiber orientation within these fiber tracts significantly correlated with functional outcome.

Conclusion

The novel findings from this study highlight the usefulness of this methodology to study white matter repair/reorganization during stroke recovery. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:529–536. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

术中自体血液回输在骨科手术中的应用

目的：探讨自体血液回输在骨科手术中应用的可行性，以节约血资源，减少并发症。方法：应用自体－2000型血液回收机，对41例骨科手术病人进行术中血液回输，并进行术后动态观察。结果：41例患者平均回收原血量为1492毫升，经血液回收机处理后获得浓血为771毫升，12例患者同时输入异体血。所有患者均安全渡过手术期，未发现应用自体血而产生的并发症。结论：术中自体血液回输能有效的减少异体血的输入量和自体血的丢失以及输血后并发症。而且安全、节约费用及血源。     

Improvement in the routine screening performance of cytotechnologists over time

BACKGROUND:

Documenting the performance of gynecologic screening in actual practice settings is difficult to achieve. In the current study, the screening performance of 11 individual cytotechnologists as well as that of the overall laboratory over 2 consecutive time periods was examined using the rapid prescreening (RPS) method.

METHODS:

RPS was performed by all cytotechnologists in a single laboratory over 2 separate 8‐month periods. The sensitivity of screening for individual and groups of cytotechnologists was examined. For purposes of comparison, cytotechnologists were divided into 2 groups: screeners with an overall routine sensitivity ≥95% and screeners with an overall sensitivity <95%.

RESULTS:

Atypical squamous cells (ASC) were used as a threshold, and routine screening sensitivity was found to vary from 68.3% to 96.8%. The overall sensitivity of the laboratory for RPS and routine screening was 43.6% and 88.4%, respectively. Over time, the overall laboratory sensitivity of routine screening improved from 85.3% to 91.3% (P = .01). During this same time frame, the sensitivity of the screeners with an overall sensitivity <95% improved from 79.3% to 91.2% (P < .001), whereas the sensitivity of screeners with an overall routine sensitivity ≥95% remained the same (96.1% to 96.4%; P = .6).

CONCLUSIONS:

In addition to improved overall performance of the laboratory by detecting and correcting errors, the results of the current study indicate that using RPS consistently over time might play a role leading to improved performance of cytotechnologists with an overall routine sensitivity <95% but not of cytotechnologists with an overall routine sensitivity ≥95%. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.