羊耳菊水提取物体外抑菌活性研究

目的 探讨羊耳菊不同器官水提取物的体外抑菌活性.方法 以金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌等10种微生物为试验菌株,采用药敏纸片扩散法、试管二倍稀释法,对羊耳菊水提取物进行抑菌试验.结果 羊耳菊全株各器官都具有较强的抑菌作用,其中根对10种供试菌种都有抑制作用,抑制范围最广;茎对9种供试菌种有抑制作用,叶对8种供试菌种有抑制作用.羊耳菊各器官对金黄色葡萄球菌与铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用最强.羊耳菊根、茎、叶对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为15.63,62.5,62.5 mg/ml,而其抑菌圈直径分别为14.3,13.8,13.5 mm;羊耳菊根,茎,叶对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值分别为15.63,31.25,62.5 mg/ml,其抑菌圈直径分别为15.8,15.5,14.0 mm.结论 羊耳菊水提取物体外试验证实了该民间药物具有抗菌活性,也表明了羊耳菊是一种有开发潜力的新抗菌药物资源.     

Screening of selected food and medicinal plant extracts for pancreatic lipase inhibition

Lipids are important components in human nutrition; however, their increased intake contributes to the development of obesity and can lead to multiple long‐term complications. Pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) is a key enzyme for the absorption of dietary triglycerides. Interference with fat hydrolysis results in the reduced utilization of ingested lipids, therefore inhibition of lipases decreases fat absorption. Extracts from 106 species of medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits were screened for potential lipase inhibitory activity. p‐Nitrophenylpalmitate and 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indoxylpalmitate were used as substrates in an in vitro test with crude porcine pancreatic lipase. Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi), garden pea (Pisum sativum), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and large‐leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos) extracts were the most active. Additionally, the activity of selected extracts with removed polyphenols was measured. Extracts of bearberry, garden pea and large‐leaved lime are a promising source for developing functional foods or isolating active compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄芪、白术、防风单煎、合煎对玉屏风煎剂HPLC指纹图谱的影响

目的:研究不同配伍对玉屏风煎剂中主要特征指纹峰的影响。方法:采用HPLC法分析单煎及不同配伍煎剂样品,色谱柱为HypersilODS;流动相为乙腈-水(梯度洗脱);检测波长为220nm;流速为1mL·min^-1;柱温为30℃。结果:全方煎剂的特征指纹峰基本为各药味特征峰的加和,未产生明显的新特征峰,不同配伍对玉屏风煎剂中主要特征峰的峰面积有不同影响,但总体影响不大。玉屏风汤剂中共标示出11个共有峰,分别以黄芪、防风药材单煎为基准,计算配伍后的均值相似度,结果表明不同配伍玉屏风汤剂与黄芪单煎的主要特征成分的相似度在0.97以上;与防风单煎的主要特征成分相似度在0.98以上,说明配伍对黄芪、防风特征锋的影响不明显。结论:本研究为玉屏风煎剂配伍规律及物质基础研究提供了一定参考。     

Interactions of Magnolia and Ziziphus extracts with selected central nervous system receptors

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Magnolia officinalis Rehder and Wilson [Magnoliaceae] bark and Ziziphus spinosa (Buhge) Hu ex. Chen. [Fam. Rhamnaceae] seed have a history of use in traditional Asian medicine for mild anxiety, nervousness and sleep-related problems.

Aim of the study

To identify pharmacological targets, extracts of Magnolia officinalis (ME), Ziziphus spinosa (ZE), and a proprietary fixed combination (MZE) were tested for affinity with central nervous system receptors associated with relaxation and sleep.

Methods

In vitro radioligand binding and cellular functional assays were conducted on: adenosine A₁, dopamine (transporter, D₁, D_2S, D₃, D_4.4 and D₅), serotonin (transporter, 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_1B, 5-HT_4e, 5-HT₆ and 5-HT₇) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor.

Results

Interactions were demonstrated with the adenosine A₁ receptor, dopamine transporter and dopamine D₅ receptor (antagonist activity), serotonin receptors (5-HT_1B and 5-HT₆ antagonist activity) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor at a concentration of 100 μg/ml or lower. ME had an affinity with adenosine A₁ (K_i of 9.2 ± 1.1 μg/ml) and potentiated the GABA activated chloride current at the benzodiazepine subunits of the GABA receptor (maximum effect at 50 μg/ml). ME had a modest antagonist action with 5-HT₆ and ZE with the 5-HT_1B receptor.

Conclusion

The interactions in the receptor binding models are consistent with the traditional anxiolytic and sleep-inducing activities of Magnolia officinalis bark and Ziziphus spinosa seed.     

黄精对力竭训练大鼠血清酶活性及某些生化指标的影响

目的:探讨黄精提取物对大强度耐力训练大鼠血清生化指标影响的机制,为黄精提取物作为运动补剂提供实验依据.方法:选取24只大鼠,随机分为安静组,训练组和训练加药组,每组8只.训练组与训练加药组进行3 wk的训练,最后一次训练进行一次性力竭运动,力竭后取血并进行样本处理.测定运动训练大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)活性,血糖(Glu)浓度、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清尿素(BU)、和肌肝糖原含量和大鼠跑台至力竭的时间.结果:训练加药组大鼠血清ALT,AST,LDH,CK活性与训练组相比显著降低(P＜0.05);训练加药组大鼠血清Glu,Hb,肌糖原,肝糖原含量与训练组相比显著升高(P＜0.05).训练加药组大鼠血清BU浓度相对于训练组有极显著的降低(P＜0.05);训练加药组大鼠跑台至力竭的时间与训练组相比显著延长(P＜0.05).结论:黄精提取物可明显延缓大鼠运动疲劳的发生.     

苦参合剂对卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎大鼠细胞免疫应答的影响

卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎大鼠经苦参合剂治疗后脾脏CD3^＋、CD4^＋T淋巴细胞百分率升高，sIL-2R水平降低。表明苦参合剂治疗能增强卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎大鼠的细胞免疫应答。     

骨多肽生长素、珊瑚骨、地榆诱导鼠额面骨再生的研究

目的评价骨多肽生长素(BAP)应用于小白鼠额面骨缺损区诱导骨再生修复的效果。方法昆明小白鼠63只随机分为3组,实验组植入骨多肽生长素复合珊瑚骨,对照A组植入珊瑚骨,对照B组植入珊瑚骨复合地榆。观察骨组织形态变化和新生骨结构,计量每视野新生成骨细胞健康数;在透射电镜下观察再生骨的超微结构变化。结果术后7 d,骨缺损区周围有破骨细胞、间充质细胞和大量炎性细胞浸润,骨变性坏死。术后28 d,实验组可见成纤维细胞、毛细血管生长活跃,可见骨样组织和大量骨组织;对照A组可见骨缺损区周围有间充质细胞和成骨细胞;对照B组可见成纤维细胞、毛细血管生长活跃,骨缺损区周围有成骨细胞。术后90 d,实验组可见新生骨组织范围扩大,钙化程度加强,几乎接近正常骨质结构;对照A组、B组皆可见骨缺损边缘有较多新骨沉积。计量3组新生成骨细胞数,运用单因素方差分析及两两比较,实验组与各对照组差异有显著性。结论应用骨多肽生长素复合载体材料珊瑚骨可促进骨缺损的修复。     

Liver Function Test Abnormalities in Users of Aqueous Kava Extracts

Abstract

Introduction.?Hepatic toxicity from manufactured herbal remedies that contain kava lactones has been reported in Europe, North America, and Australia. There is no evidence for serious liver damage in kava‐using populations in Pacific Island societies or in Indigenous Australians who have used aqueous kava extracts. This article presents evidence that liver function changes in users of aqueous kava extracts appear to be reversible. Data from one Arnhem Land community [Northern Territory (NT), Australia] with 340 indigenous people older than 15 years of age in 2000 are used. Methods.?This study was a cross‐sectional study with 98 participants, 36 of whom had never used kava. Among 62 kava users, 23 had discontinued kava at least 1 year before the study. Continuing users had not used kava for 1 to 2 months (n = 10) or 1 to 2 weeks previously (n = 15). Some (n = 14) had used kava within the previous 24 hr. Liver function tests were compared across these groups, taking into account differences due to age, sex, alcohol, and other substance use. Results.?The average quantity of kava powder consumed was 118 g/week, and median duration of use was 12 years (range, 1–18 years). Kava usage levels were less than one‐half of those found in previous studies. More recent kava use was independently associated with higher levels of liver enzymes gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p < 0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.001), but not with alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin, which were not elevated. In those who were not heavy alcohol users, only those who used kava within the previous 24 hr showed GGT levels higher than nonusers (p < 0.001), whereas higher ALP levels occurred only in those who last used kava 1 to 2 weeks (p = 0.015) and 24 hr previously (p = 0.005). Discussion.?Liver function changes in users of aqueous kava extracts at these moderate levels of consumption appear to be reversible and begin to return to baseline after 1 to 2 weeks abstinence from kava. No evidence for irreversible liver damage has been found.     

Allergen extract-induced interleukin-10 in human memory B cells inhibits immunoglobulin E production

Background Elevated specific IgE antibody levels are common in atopic individuals, caused by T-helper type 2-dominated B cell activation. The induction of antigen-specific IL-10 secreting T cells is discussed as an important mechanism during specific immunotherapy. By contrast the presence and function of B cell-derived IL-10 is not well defined yet.
Objective We investigated whether type-I allergen extracts induce IL-10 expression in human B cells and analysed its functional role on IgE production.
Methods Human peripheral B cells were stimulated with grass pollen, house dust mite (HDM) ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssimus ; Der p) and dog allergen extract. Expression of IL-10 by activated human B cells was determined by flow cytometric analysis and ELISA. Functional analysis considering immunoglobulin production was assayed by ELISA.
Results The allergen extracts studied induced IL-10 expression in B cells. However, the ability to induce IL-10 differed between the allergen extracts. The most potent allergen extract was dog (169±28 pg/mL), followed by grass pollen (141±10 pg/mL) and HDM allergen (125±11 pg/mL). Upon allergen extract stimulation only CD27 expressing memory B cells produced IL-10 and co-expressed the very early activation antigen CD69. The addition of allergen extracts to B cells activated by anti-CD40 and IL-4 selectively inhibited IgE which was dependent on allergen extract-induced IL-10. By contrast the other immunoglobulin subclasses like IgA, IgG or IgM were not altered upon allergen extract challenge.
Conclusion Our data indicate that allergen-activated memory B cells can modulate IgE production through secretion of IL-10.