脑膜瘤复发的多因素研究

目的　探讨诸多临床因素和影像学特征对脑膜瘤复发的影响。方法　对 1993～ 1997年经手术治疗资料齐全的脑膜瘤患者 83例 ,进行回顾性分析。结果　单因素分析 :肿瘤形状、肿瘤大小、瘤周水肿、恶性程度、手术切除程度、肿瘤部位和CT增强形态与脑膜瘤复发有明显关系 ,差异有显著性。多因素分析 :肿瘤形状、肿瘤部位、恶性程度、手术切除程度、CT增强形态是影响复发的主要因素。结论　肿瘤形状、肿瘤部位、手术切除程度、恶性程度和CT增强形态可作为预测脑膜瘤复发的显著危险因子和标准。     

小儿气道异物的X线诊断

本文报道82例小儿气道异物气管镜检查取出术前后的X线表现,作者认为异物阻塞气道所致的肺部炎性改变有一定特征性,应称之为急性阻塞性肺炎。同时强调镜检术后应常规作胸部X线复查,可避免气道异物的长期遗留。     

125I粒子植入术后辐射防护的最优化研究

目的:通过检测自行设计的含铅穿戴用品对125I粒子植入患者的放射性屏蔽效果,优化辐射防护的个体化方法。方法:125I粒子植入患者69例,术后根据粒子植入的部位和数量选择穿戴不同类型的含铅防护用品。术后24小时内检测患者无屏蔽与穿戴不同铅当量屏蔽用品在不同距离的辐射剂量,并按接触时间计算与患者密切接触的病区医务人员（AAED)及陪护人员（AED）所接受的辐射剂量。结果:患者无屏蔽时,在0.5 m处的医务人员所受的年平均辐射剂量小于放射工作人员限值20 mSv,在2 m处接近公众限值1 mSv,在4 m处接近本底;在1 m处的陪护人员所受的平均辐射剂量接近公众限值1 mSv,在4 m处接近本底。患者穿戴0.25 mmPb含铅屏蔽用品时,零距离有58位患者的辐射剂量高于本底,但对医务及陪护人员产生的平均辐射剂量接近公众限值,其中最高者为1.8 mSv;穿戴0.5 mmPb含铅屏蔽用品时,患者零距离辐射剂量接近本底。结论:125I粒子植入后,患者穿戴0.25 mmPb含铅屏蔽用品时,绝大部分（68/69例）患者不会对医务及陪护人员造成辐射损伤;粒子植入数量较多和/或植入部位距体表较近的患者,若穿戴0.25 mmPb的屏蔽用品在0.3 m处辐射剂量大于本底,则应穿戴0.5 mmPb的含铅屏蔽用品。     

Evaluation of abnormal radiological findings in children aged 2 to 36 months followed by recurrent urinary tract infection: a retrospective study

Our aim is to determine the rational usage of imaging techniques in order to prevent or minimize permanent renal damage in recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study was enrolled children aged between 2 and 36 months, following-up with the diagnosis of recurrent UTI. All children had ultrasonography (USG) and dimercaptosuccinic acid scanning, 39 of them had underwent on voiding cystourethrography. There were 133 children (87 girls, 46 boys) with the mean age of 32.82?±?38.10 months included into the study. Forty-three kidney units were normal in ultrasonogram of which seven units had reflux whereas among 35 units with hydronephrosis 22 units had reflux. Sensitivity and specificity presence of hydronephrosis in ultrasonogram for prediction of reflux was 75.9% and 73.5%, respectively. There were 19 dilated ureters in ultrasonogram, and among them 14 had reflux. Sensitivity and specificity of presence with ureteral dilatation in ultrasonogram for prediction of reflux was found as 48.3% and 89.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of parenchymal thinning seen in ultrasonogram for the evaluation of renal parenchyma was 15.9%, whereas specificity was 98.2% .Sensitivity and specificity of dimercaptosuccinic acid for prediction of reflux was 51.6% and 72.3%, respectively. The normal ultrasonogram findings cannot rule out neither possibility of reflux presence nor development of renal scarring. Therefore, DMSA scanning has major role both in determination of parenchymal damage and prevention of scarring. Also we get an important result as ureteral dilatation seen in USG, related to presence of reflux.     

论我国医用诊断X线的防护

本文分析并总结了我国医用诊断x线防护的特点和发展概况, 论述研制宣传贯彻医用诊断X线防护法规标准和研究推广"限、集、屏"防护技术的重要作用, 提出医用诊断X线防护向纵深发展的建议。     

降结肠系膜旋转不良影像学特征及其对腹腔镜结直肠手术影响对策研究（附16例报告及文献复习）

目的 探讨降结肠系膜旋转不良（PDM）的影像学特征、PDM对腹腔镜结直肠癌（低位）前切除手术的影响及对策。方法 回顾性分析同一术者于2019年1月至2021年12月在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院和北京大学第一医院收治的行直肠（低位）前切除手术的16例PDM病人的临床资料；使用增强CT后处理的多平面重组（MPR）技术和最大投影密度（MIP）技术来诊断及分析PDM的影像学特征；采用肠管悬吊法显露直肠后间隙，通过头侧中间入路解剖肠系膜下动脉（IMA），并对其手术结局进行初步分析。结果 16例合并PDM的结直肠癌病人占同期520例手术的3.1%（16/520），其中男性13例，女性3例，中位年龄58.5岁，中位体重指数25.3。应用MPR-MIP技术测量PDM相关影像学指标，其主要表现为：IMA偏向腹主动脉左侧为9例（56.3%），偏向右侧为7例（43.7%）；肠系膜下动脉分型为I型5例（31.2%），Ⅱ型3例（18.8%），Ⅲ型8例（50.0%）；IMA至左结肠动脉的中位距离为1.7 cm（0.9，2.2），IMA至边缘血管弓距离为3.2 cm（1.7，3.8），IMA至结肠壁4.0cm（2.6，4.9）。围手术期结果为：1例（6.3%）病人中转开放手术处理IMA；4例（25.0%）因边缘血管弓损伤致肠管缺血被迫游离脾曲；2例（12.5%）病人术后出现吻合口漏。结论 降结肠右侧缘位于左肾门内侧可作为PDM诊断的标准；CT后处理MPR和MIP技术可快速、准确评估PDM病人IMA分型及血管变异，可为腹腔镜手术提供参考。采用肠管悬吊法显露直肠后间隙和头侧中间入路解剖IMA可降低PDM病人中转开放手术和边缘血管弓损伤的风险，从而提高手术安全性。     

The role of genetic analysis for predicting outcome of rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) varies from a mild to a severe, unremitting illness characterized by uncontrolled inflammation with consequent damage to cartilage and bone of joints. Individualized therapeutic approaches based on likely outcome would facilitate a personalized therapeutic approach.

Areas covered: Genetics is known to contribute a significant component of the variability in RA outcome, estimated at 45–60%. A number of candidate gene studies have been associated with variability in radiologically assessed joint damage; however a more comprehensive genome wide analysis is required to more fully characterize the genetic basis of RA severity.

Expert commentary: Genetic profiling of patient presenting with RA has the potential to aid stratification based on predicted prognosis, this would inform the clinical development of a personalized therapeutic approach. It will also result in the identification of novel mediators of tissue damage in RA.     

艾滋病合并卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的胸部影像学分析

目的:通过对艾滋病合并卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎(PCP)患者胸部影像学特点的分析,提高对PCP的影像学诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析25例艾滋病合并PCP患者的胸部影像学表现,并计算不同影像学表现的合并感染率。结果:25例PCP患者胸部X线片或CT均表现为弥漫性病变,其中双肺弥漫性磨玻璃样改变9例(36%)[其中4例(44%)合并其它病原体感染];双肺间质性改变(肺炎)4例(16%)[其中3例(75%)合并其它病原体感染];双肺弥漫性感染12例(48%)[其中10例(83%)合并其它病原体感染]。结论:双肺磨玻璃样改变为艾滋病合并单纯PCP的最常见胸部影像学表现,合并其他病原体感染时则多表现为双肺弥漫性感染病变或双肺间质性肺炎。     

Primary biliary cystadenocarcinoma perforating the duodenum and left intrahepatic biliary tree -mimicking a hydatid cyst

Abstract: We report the case of a 76-year-old woman with biliary cystadenocarcinoma perforating the left biliary tree and exhibiting intra-tumoral gas bubbles resulting from invasion of the duodenum. The clinical history included subfebrile temperatures of 3 months duration, and pains associated with an abdominal mass in the right upper quadrant. Blood tests showed leucocytosis, and radiological studies revealed the features of a partially calcified septated tumor with nodular components combined with multiple gas-fluid levels, mimicking an infected hydatid cyst. Intraoperative ultrasonography, cholangiography and frozen section histology were necessary to prove the malignant nature of this cystic tumor. Provided that complete resection with strict adherence to oncological precepts is possible, the prognosis of cystadenocarcinoma is better than in hepatocellular or cholangiocellular carcinoma.     

颞下颌关节髁突囊样变的锥形束CT影像特点

目的 利用口腔颌面锥形束CT观察髁突囊样变的影像学表现,探讨囊样变的影像特点并加以分类。方法 收集颞下颌关节锥形束CT影像学表现有囊样变的194例患者,观察并记录囊样变的部位、大小、数量、边缘骨白线、周围骨小梁结构、髁突整体骨质情况。根据髁突整体骨质情况,将髁突囊样变分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,比较其发生的部位、数量、边缘骨白线以及周围骨小梁结构情况。结果 194例患者的198侧关节发现囊样变表现,94例位于左侧关节,96例位于右侧关节,4例位于双侧关节。50.0%（99侧）的囊样变位于髁突前外侧皮质骨下方;囊样变直径最小1.2 mm,最大13.5 mm,平均（3.4±1.5）mm;75.3%（149侧）为单发囊样变;62.6%（124侧）存在完整的骨白线包绕;80.8%（160侧）周围骨小梁结构有骨质硬化。66.7%（132侧）囊样变髁突表现有晚期骨关节病征象,5.1%（10侧）囊样变髁突表现有早期骨关节病征象,28.3%（56侧）髁突除囊样变外无其他明显骨质改变。Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型髁突囊样变在发生部位、数量和周围骨小梁结构方面存在差异,Ⅰ型髁突囊样变较多发和骨质硬化,Ⅱ型髁突囊样变发生于髁突内部或髁突颈部较多。结论 Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型髁突囊样变在发生部位、数量和周围骨小梁结构存在不同,这可能与其病因及形成机制不同有关。