c-raf-1反义寡核苷酸对人卵巢癌细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的　探讨癌基因 c- raf- 1的反义寡核苷酸对人卵巢癌细胞放射敏感性的影响。方法　设立 c- raf- 1正义寡核苷酸组和非处理组 (仅加入等量的脂质体 )作对照 ,用 RT- PCR检测卵巢癌细胞处理前后 c- raf- 1表达水平的变化。用平板克隆形成试验检测人卵巢癌细胞株 SKOV3在脂质体 - c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸作用前后受 6 0 Coγ射线不同剂量照射后的集落形成率。结果　 c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸能抑制 c- raf- 1癌基因的表达 ,经脂质体介导的 c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸作用的卵巢癌细胞经γ射线照射后其集落形成率较转染正义寡核苷酸组及单纯照射组明显下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,而转染 c- raf- 1正义寡核苷酸组的集落形成率与单纯照射组相比无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　 c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸通过抑制 c- raf- 1的表达降低人卵巢癌细胞株 SKOV 3放射抗拒性。该作用可能与 c- raf- 1反义寡核苷酸抑制了引起细胞辐射抗拒的细胞信号转导途径有关     

288例老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布特性及药敏分析

目的: 了解老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌的分布特点及药敏特性.方法: 对288例老年呼吸道感染患者痰样本(NCCLS法)进行细菌培养,K-B纸片法进行药敏测定.结果: 患者痰中共检出病原菌400株,细菌280株,其中G-杆菌147株,占36.75%, G 球菌133株,占33.25%.肺炎克雷伯菌及铜绿假单胞菌最敏感药的是头孢他啶,敏感率均为40%以上,肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌最敏感药的是万古霉素;检出真菌120株,占30%,以白色念珠菌为主.结论: 进行病原菌跟踪监测及时的药敏试验,对及时控制老年呼吸道感染,是不可缺少的重要环节.     

Expression of cathepsin D and epidermal growth factor receptor in stage III cervical carcinomas

Cathepsin D and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antigens are related to tumor invasion, metastasis, progression, and recurrence. To assess the prognostic significance of the expression of these two antigens, biopsy specimens consecutively obtained from 216 patients with stage III cervical carcinomas (191 with squamous cell carcinomas and 25 with adenocarcinomas), who were treated with radiotherapy, were investigated immunohistochemically. The positive rate of cathepsin D expression in squamous cell carcinomas was 74%, significantly higher than the 47% observed in adenocarcinomas ( P  = 0.015). The EGFR positive rate in squamous cell carcinomas was 33%, somewhat higher than the 16% in adenocarcinomas ( P  = 0.088). The chi-square test and Kaplan–Meier method showed no significant relationship between the expression of either cathepsin D or EGFR and the prognosis in these patients. These results indicate that in stage III cervical carcinomas cathepsin D and EGFR expression do not correlate with prognosis.     

Permanent low-activity iodine-125 implants for cerebral metastases

Beginning in 1987, selected patients with metastatic braintumors were treated with permanent implants of low-activityradioactive iodine-125 (¹²⁵I) seeds. These patients underwent craniotomy,gross total resection of the metastatic lesion, andplacement of the seeds. In general, criteria fortreatment included the presence of a recurrent tumorwith a volume too large to permit radiosurgery,and a Karnofsky Performance Score of 70 orhigher. Thirteen patients underwent 14 implant procedures; allreceived external whole-brain radiotherapy. Implant dose ranged from43 Gy to 132 Gy, with a meanof 83 Gy. Survival after implantation ranged from2 weeks to almost 9 years, with amedian of 9 months. Clinical and radiographic localcontrol was obtained in 9 patients. Two patientsdied of acute, postoperative complications within a monthof implantation, so no information regarding tumor controlis available for them. Late complications included abone flap infection in one patient and aCSF leak in another; both were treated withoutfurther sequelae.These results demonstrate that permanent ¹²⁵I implants canresult in good survival and quality of life,and occasionally can yield long-term survival. Potentially, itis a cost-effective treatment in that a separateprocedure for stereotactic implantation or radiosurgery is notneeded, as is the case with the useof temporary high-activity seeds. The permanent implantation itselfadds less than 10 minutes to the craniotomy,and the risk of symptomatic radiation necrosis islow. We recommend consideration of this procedure inpatients harboring large, recurrent metastatic tumors that requirefurther surgery.     

GM1 ganglioside treatment protects against long-term neurotoxic effects of neonatal X-irradiation on cerebellar cortex cytoarchitecture and motor function

Exposure of neonatal rats to a 5 Gy dose of X-irradiation induces permanent abnormalities in cerebellar cortex cytoarchitecture (disarrangement of Purkinje cells, reduction of thickness of granular cortex) and neurochemistry (late increase in noradrenaline levels), and motor function (ataxic gait). The neuroprotective effects of gangliosides have been demonstrated using a variety of CNS injuries, including mechanical, electrolytic, neurotoxic, ischemic, and surgical lesions. Here, we evaluated whether systemically administered GM1 ganglioside protects against the long-term CNS abnormalities induced by a single exposure to ionizing radiation in the early post-natal period. Thus, neonatal rats were exposed to 5 Gy X-irradiation, and subcutaneously injected with one dose (30 mg/kg weight) of GM1 on h after exposure followed by three daily doses. Both at post-natal days 30 and 90, gait and cerebellar cytoarchitecture in X-irradiated rats were significantly impaired when compared to age-matched controls. By contrast, both at post-natal days 30 and 90, gait in X-irradiated rats that were treated with GM1 was not significantly different from that in non-irradiated animals. Furthermore, at post-natal day 90, cerebellar cytoarchitecture was still well preserved in GM1-treated, X-irradiated animals. GM1 failed to modify the radiation-induced increase in cerebellar noradrenaline levels. Present data indicate that exogenous GM1, repeatedly administered after neonatal X-irradiation, produces a long-term radioprotection, demonstrated at both cytoarchitectural and motor levels.     

Effects of REM sleep deprivation on cholinergic receptor sensitivity and passive avoidance behavior in clomipramine model of depression

This study investigated the effects of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep deprivation (RSD) on the activity of central cholinergic receptors and passive avoidance retention in rats treated neonatally with clomipramine. Male rat pups treated with clomipramine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) twice daily from postnatal day 5 to 21 were subjected to RSD procedure at three months of age, for 4 days consecutively. In the post-RSD phase, RSD-control rats showed a significantly enhanced cholinomimetic-induced hypothermia and an improved retention in passive avoidance task. However, these measures were not significantly different in RSD-experimental group as compared to rats treated neonatally with saline. These results suggest that RSD reverses the sensitivity of central cholinergic receptors in rats given clomipramine neonatally, and this mechanism may be involved in mediating the antidepressant effects of RSD treatment in clomipramine model of depression.     

老年人结膜囊细菌状况及药物敏感实验

目的:为了有效的预防术后眼内炎,对目前老年人结膜囊的细菌状况和对抗生素的敏感率进行评估。方法:北京市老年人(81.5±10.2)岁165眼,常规眼科检查除外眼前段,眼表面炎性疾患,行结膜囊细菌培养,对培养阳性者行细菌分离培养和药物(常用的16种抗生素)敏感实验;滴3g/L氧氟沙星滴眼液1wk,再培养。结果:首次培养阳性率为21.2%(35/165),第二次阳性率为7.3%(12/165)。首次培养中共41个菌株,11个菌种。葡萄球菌属最多,共27株(70.7%),其中表皮样葡萄球菌19株(46.3%),金黄色葡萄球菌7株(17.1%)。次之为棒状杆菌5株(12.3%)。万古霉素对G 菌全部敏感,亚胺培南对G-菌极敏感,头孢菌素和喹喏酮类药物耐药菌株增多,敏感率63.6%～78.8%。结论:术前滴抗生素眼液可显著减少结膜囊的细菌(P <0.01),但是不能达到完全无菌状态。目前头孢菌素和喹喏酮类药物耐药菌株增多,但仍可做为防治眼部感染和眼内炎的主要药物。     

早期原发性开角型青光眼的视网膜光阈值改变

目的:观察早期原发性开角型青光眼视网膜光敏度分布情况及改变特点。方法:采用日本TopconSBP2020自动视野SDT340程序检测早期原发性开角型青光眼与正常眼的中心3°视网膜光敏感度。结果:早期原发性开角型青光眼各方向的视网膜光敏度与正常眼比较有非常显著差异(P<0.01);早期原发性开角型青光眼上方视网膜光敏度与其他各方比较有显著差异(P<0.05);早期青光眼的MD,ST与正常眼比较差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论:视网膜光敏度的定量检测能做为早期原发性开角型青光眼的较早期视功能检测。     

糖尿病视网膜病变光凝术后角膜知觉的改变

目的 探讨糖尿病视网膜病变患者在全视网膜光凝术后的角膜知觉改变及影响因素。方法 32例(32只眼)糖尿病视网膜病变患者应用倍频ND：YAG激光行全视网膜光凝，光凝斑大小：200～300／μm，光凝时间：0．2～0．4秒，光凝斑强度以达到中等强为标准。采用Cochet--Bonnnnet角膜知觉测量仪测量光凝前及光凝后1、2、3、4、5、6周及2个月的角膜知觉。结果 糖尿病视网膜病变患者术前的角膜知觉为2．27cm，术后1、2、3、4、5、6周及2个月的角膜知觉分别为1．42cm、1．60cm、1．58cm、1．92cm、1．71cm、2．19cm和2．23cm。与术前相比，术后1～5周的角膜知觉减退值与术前的角膜知觉的相关系数为0．82。结论 糖尿病视网膜病变行全视网膜光凝后的角膜知觉有明显减退，在光凝后6周恢复至术前水平，角膜知觉的减退值与光凝的范围及术前的角膜知觉有关。     

用扫描激光检眼镜检测正常人中心10°微视野

目的　建立应用扫描激光检眼镜 (scanninglaserophthalmoscope ,SLO )测定微视野的方法 ,并测定不同年龄正常人中心 10°视网膜光敏感度 ,计算年龄与平均光敏感度的相关关系。方法　用德国RodenstockSLO对 80例 160眼 17～ 85岁正常眼进行中心 10°微视野检测。结果　SLO可清晰观察后极部眼底情况。正常人各年龄组中心 10°平均光敏感度与性别、眼别、象限别无关 (P >0 0 5 )。平均视网膜光敏感度随年龄增加呈直线下降 ,年龄 (x)每增加 10岁 ,平均光敏感度 (y)下降 0 0 5 5dB ,即y =3 0 9-0 0 5 5x。结论　SLO微视野检查将眼底解剖部位与光敏感度相对应 ,具有直观、准确的优点。正常值的测定为进一步研究黄斑部病变时光敏感度的变化提供依据