复方丁香洗剂中丁香酚和苦参碱的含量测定

目的建立紫外分光光度法及酸性染料比色法测定复方丁香洗剂中丁香酚和苦参碱的含量.方法丁香酚、苦参碱均可与氢氧化钠成盐而溶于碱,易于分离,前者于(296±2)nm波长处测定吸收度,后者与溴麝香草酚蓝络合后于(415±2)nm波长处测定吸收度.结果丁香酚平均回收率为98.30%,RSD为0.76%,在10.26～23.95 mg·L-1范围有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 8);苦参碱平均回收率为98.63%,RSD为0.83%,在3～10.5 mg·L-1范围线性关系良好(r=0.999 6).结论本方法准确,灵敏度好,可用于复方丁香洗剂或中药制剂中的丁香酚、苦参碱含量测定.     

糖网一号对糖尿病大鼠早期视网膜毛细血管病变的影响

目的观察糖尿病大鼠视网膜毛细血管超微结构的病理改变及中药复方糖网一号对毛细血管超微结构的影响.方法链尿佐菌素(STZ)致糖尿病大鼠随机分为糖尿病模型组(M)、二甲双胍组(A)、糖网一号小剂量组(B)及糖网一号大剂量组(C)(n=12),并设正常对照组(CON).每日灌药1次,6个月后测血流变指标,取视网膜行视网膜血管铺片及透射电镜观察.结果糖网一号和二甲双胍组血流变检测,两药相比,前者优于后者,糖网一号大剂量疗效优于小剂量用药.糖尿病6个月时模型组大鼠的血液有高凝、高粘现象,并出现了影周细胞、周细胞减少、微血管瘤等早期糖尿病视网膜病变的特征性改变.其余各组视网膜病变与模型组相比明显较轻,大剂量用药组接近正常.结论大鼠糖尿病早期眼底和视网膜微血管超微结构已有改变,中药糖网一号对早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜病变具有良好的防治作用.     

复方甘草酸苷与甘草酸二铵治疗拉米夫定停药后反跳的疗效观察

目的 :观察复方甘草酸苷与甘草酸二铵治疗拉米夫定停药后慢性乙型肝炎 (CHB)患者病情反跳的疗效 ,并比较其差异。方法 :将76例停用拉米夫定后CHB病情反跳的患者分为复方甘草酸苷组和甘草酸二铵组。观察和记录患者症状、体征的变化及药物不良反应 ,定期检测肝功能、HBV血清免疫学标志物、HBV -DNA定量等项目 ,随访12个月。结果 :复方甘草酸苷组与甘草酸二铵组总有效率分别为79 49 %和75 68 % ,两组间无显著性差异 (P>0 05) ;两组在AST复常方面有显著性差异 (P<0 01) ;复方甘草酸苷组显效率为69 23 % ,甘草酸二铵组显效率为48 65 % ,两组亦有显著性差异 (P<0 05)。结论 :复方甘草酸苷与甘草酸二铵治疗拉米夫定停药后CHB患者病情反跳均有明显的疗效 ,前者停药后病情反跳率低 ,疗效稳定、持久。     

α-2b干扰素联合复方甘草酸苷治疗慢性丙型病毒性肝炎疗效观察

目的 :观察α -2b干扰素联合复方甘草酸苷治疗慢性丙型病毒性肝炎的效果。方法 :56例慢性丙型病毒性肝炎患者随机分为治疗组 (30例 )和对照组 (26例 )。治疗组给予α -2b干扰素 +复方甘草酸苷 ,对照组仅给予α -2b干扰素 ,疗程均为24周。结果 :治疗组治疗结束时及治疗结束后24周 ,ALT复常率与对照组比较均有显著性差异 (P<0 05) ,治疗组治疗结束时HCV -RNA转阴率与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P<0 05)。结论 :α -2b干扰素联用复方甘草酸苷可提高治疗慢性丙型病毒性肝炎的疗效     

在神经损伤疾病治疗中的用药分析

目的 探讨神经损伤患者治疗中出现的类似感染症状的药物治疗对策。方法 分析治疗过程中药物对疾病转归的影响。结果 神经损伤疾病患者在治疗过程中,出现发热及消化道症状,呈血清病样改变;胃肠道粘膜溃疡,肠道充血水肿,炎性细胞浸润,脓血便或粘液便等;有时合并肺片异常及浆膜腔炎等类似感染症状,一般使用抗菌药治疗,疗效不明显,但给予复方苯乙哌啶或同时联用免疫抑制剂治疗,有明显的疗效。结论 复方苯乙哌啶对神经损伤治疗过程中类似感染症有明显疗效。     

我国磷复肥工业发展现状和展望

根据农业部的统计资料 ,通过 2 0 0 2年全国N、P、K化肥施用量、表观消费量及近 5年的变化趋势 ,分析了磷复肥市场的需求形势 ;介绍了 2 0 0 2年及 2 0 0 3年 1～ 9月磷复肥的生产形势 ,并预计 2 0 0 3年磷肥产量可达 90 0万tP2 O5,2 0 0 4年预计为 95 0万tP2 O5;最后论述了我国磷复肥行业的发展趋势。     

轻稀土化合物抑癌作用及机制的研究

目的在探讨稀土与肿瘤关系的基础上进一步证明稀土的抑癌作用及探讨作用机制,最终的目标是为稀土在医药保健事业方面开创一个新领域.提供确定、可靠的科学依据.方法通过动物实验及细胞培养,采用生化、免疫、分子生物学等方面的规范方法及高新技术的应用,如用电子顺磁共振(FSR)自旋扑获技术测定自由基、Northern杂交技术分析稀土元素对抑癌基因的表达等.此外,还对接触稀土人群进行了10年的动态观察和肿瘤流行病学回顾性的队列调查等.结果①整体抑癌实验按卫生部颁发的药效实验规程,给小鼠腋下种瘤株,腹腔注射ReNO3、ReCl3等,剂量在32及64 mg/kg时对S180肉瘤生长的抑制率分别为39.87%及27.34%、Lewis肺癌生长抑制率分别为36.82%及29.55%均有明显的统计学意义.给AMAE小鼠腹腔注射氨基甲酸乙酯的肺癌剂同时饮用ReCl3(0.062 5%、0.25%、1.0%)120 d时其肿瘤发生率分别为75%、61.8%、79.6%,而未给稀土组为90.0%,表明稀土对化学致肺腺癌小鼠亦具有明显抑制作用.②体外抑癌试验对人白血病细胞(K562)在ReNO3浓度为0.032～0.5 mg/ml时,生长的抑制率为15.8%～34%,在ReCl3浓度为0.01～0.5 mmol/L时其细胞生长抑制率为18%～68%,而对正常人羊膜细胞(FL)起促生长作用;对胃癌细胞(PAMC82)经ReCl31 mmol/L处理14～28 d时,其细胞形态发生明显变化,用免疫荧光染色观察细胞骨架微管和微丝的结构,多数癌细胞内出现近似正常细胞的微管网架;PAMC82细胞在软琼脂中生长良好,经ReCl3处理后,细胞生长极慢,平均每皿集落数由18.7降至4.以上结果表明,癌细胞经稀土处理后,其恶性程度降低,分化程度升高.③抑癌机制研究从免疫、生化及分子生物学等方面探讨其作用机制.A对正常小鼠腹腔隔日注射(共5次)的ReNO3(32 mg/kg)及给化学致癌剂(氨基甲酸乙酯)后饮ReCl3水溶液120 d的小鼠,取其脾脏测定NK细胞活力(%).结果均有明显激活作用.B.采用Balb/c小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(MΦ)培养及孔雀绿显色法,以ReNO3浓度为16～250 μg/ml与MΦ培养,测得其吞噬强度范围(1.12～1.35),明显地高于非稀土培养的吞噬强度(0.88),表明稀土有促进巨噬细胞特异的吞噬功能.C利用电子顺磁共振技术EPR 300型波谱仪测得20 mg温石棉在磷酸盐缓冲液中产生的羟自由基(*OH)信号谱峰高为4.6 cm,当其分别给与2～20 mg ReCl3或ReNO3混合后,产生的*OH信号几乎消失或明显减弱;经温石棉诱导,用ReCl3处理的肺巨噬细胞,其*OH强度和超氧阴离子(O-*)2)的浓度明显受抑制;经氨基甲酸乙酯诱癌的小鼠,饮ReCl3溶液120 d后,其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)显著高于未饮稀土组,脂质过氧化物代谢产物丙二醛(MDA)明显低于饮稀土组.以上结果表明稀土可抑制温石棉产生*OH和O-)/(*)2,增强SOD活性,降低膜脂质过氧化.D对肿瘤相关基因表达的研究;用Northern杂交分析方法,结果表明抑癌基因P53和P21表达水平低下的人胃癌细胞PAMC82,经1.5 mmol/L laCl3或0.75 mmol/L的CaeCl3(ReCl3)处理后,其P53和P16基因表达明显增强;而变化最明显的是抑癌基因P21的表达.④肿瘤流行病学调查对我国最大的甘肃稀土公司,进行了肿瘤回顾性的队列调查,其结果稀土组和对照组死亡率分别为19.675 2/105和87.948 4/105,RR为0.223 7(P＜0.05),稀土组和对照组的肺癌死亡率分别为0/105与40.923 0/105(P＜0.05),此结果表明稀土有控制肿瘤发生的趋势.结论从微观到宏观,从动物实验到人群流调,均证明了稀土有抑癌作用.从抑癌机制的研究表明,经稀土处理的人胃癌细胞P21、P16、P53的基因表达均有明显增强,提示其抑癌作用可能是通过稀土使癌细胞恶性程度降低,分化程度升高,增强抑癌基因表达实现的.还表明稀土在直接作用于细胞的同时,还能改善和提高机体的抗肿瘤免疫及清除体内垃圾的抗氧化功能等方面的综合性防癌作用.     

Potential of Baliospermum montanum against compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis

Context: Decoctions of Baliospermum montanum Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves are reported to be useful in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory complications in the Ayurvedic system.

Objective: To evaluate the mast cell stabilization and antihistaminic activities of the chloroform (BMLC) and ethanol (BMLE) extracts of the leaves of Baliospermum montanum.

Materials and methods: The stabilization potential was studied on mouse peritoneal mast cells and the antihistaminic activity was carried out by determining the mortality rate of mice treated with toxicant (compound 48/80) and the effect on elevation of histamine release upon degranulation.

Results: The increased number of intact mast cells (43.640 ± 1.7% and 61.57 ± 1.79% at 200 and 400?mg/ kg, respectively) suggested that the BMLC stabilized the mast cell degranulation and showed decreased elevation of histamine.

Conclusion: BMLC extract was found to be most effective against degranulation and release of histamine from mast cells. Identifying the lead from this plant will be a definite target for treating allergic diseases.     

Intraoperative lateral rectus electromyographic recordings optimized by deep intraorbital needle electrodes

ObjectiveWe demonstrate the advantages and safety of long, intraorbitally-placed needle electrodes, compared to standard-length subdermal electrodes, when recording lateral rectus electromyography (EMG) during intracranial surgeries.MethodsInsulated 25 mm and uninsulated 13 mm needle electrodes, aimed at the lateral rectus muscle, were placed in parallel during 10 intracranial surgeries, examining spontaneous and stimulation-induced EMG activities. Postoperative complications in these patients were reviewed, alongside additional patients who underwent long electrode placement in the lateral rectus.ResultsIn 40 stimulation-induced recordings from 10 patients, the 25 mm electrodes recorded 6- to 26-fold greater amplitude EMG waveforms than the 13 mm electrodes. The 13 mm electrodes detected greater unwanted volume conduction upon facial nerve stimulation, typically exceeding the amplitude of abducens nerve stimulation. Except for one case with lateral canthus ecchymosis, no clinical or radiographic complications occurred in 36 patients (41 lateral rectus muscles) following needle placement.ConclusionsIntramuscular recordings from long electrode in the lateral rectus offers more reliable EMG monitoring than 13 mm needles, with excellent discrimination between abducens and facial nerve stimulations, and without significant complications from needle placement.SignificanceLong intramuscular electrode within the orbit for lateral rectus EMG recording is practical and reliable for abducens nerve monitoring.     

Cholinergic hyperactivity in patients with myasthenia gravis with MuSK antibodies: A neurophysiological study

ObjectivePatients with myasthenia gravis associated with muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies (MuSK-MG) often manifest signs of cholinergic hyperactivity with standard doses of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-Is). Aim of the study was to investigate whether repetitive compound muscle action potential (R-CMAP), the neurophysiological correlate of cholinergic hyperactivity, was present in MuSK-MG irrespective of AChE-I treatment.MethodsPatients with confirmed diagnosis of MuSK-MG were consecutively enrolled during follow-up visits, from January 2019 to April 2020. All these subjects underwent the same neurophysiological protocol, including motor nerve conduction studies and repetitive nerve stimulation. In patients taking pyridostigmine, neurophysiological testing was performed at least 12 hours after the last dose. For comparison, the presence of R-CMAP was investigated in 20 consecutive acetylcholine receptor antibody positive myasthenia gravis (AChR-MG) patients.ResultsWe enrolled 25 MuSK-MG patients (20 females), aged 16–79 years at the study time, with disease duration ranging 0.6–48.8 years (median: 17.7 years). R-CMAP was detected in 12/25 (48%) MuSK-MG cases and in none of the AChR-MG controls (p = 0.0003). In the MuSK-MG population, a history of muscle cramps and fasciculations, during low-dose pyridostigmine therapy, was significantly more frequent in R-CMAP positive than in R-CMAP negative patients (100% vs 31%, p = 0.001). At the time of the study, the proportion of patients still symptomatic for MG was higher among R-CMAP positive cases (92% vs 23%, p = 0.0005).ConclusionsCholinergic hyperactivity is a relatively common finding in MuSK-MG patients, independent of AChE-I treatment, and may constitute an intrinsic feature of the disease.SignificanceR-CMAP detection can represent a useful diagnostic clue for MuSK-MG and predicts poor tolerance to AChE-Is.