2型糖尿病患者体型与证候特点研究

目的：研究2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者体型与证候特点。方法：以居民小区为基本抽样群，采用随机、分层、整群抽样方法，对北京市宣武区、昌平区及平谷区的3个社区20岁以上长住居民5208人进行糖尿病筛查，并对其中2型糖尿病患者采取医生访谈的问卷调查形式进行中医证候学研究。结果：887例2型糖尿病患者中肥胖（含超重）621例，占70．0％，无典型“三多一少”症状患者768例，占80．8％，肥胖2型糖尿病实证患者中，肝胃郁热证占69．3％。结论：2型糖尿病与消渴病存在较大差异，无典型“三多一少”症状的肥胖患者为2型糖尿病的主体，肝胃郁热证为肥胖2型糖尿病的主要证型。     

鼻咽癌变过程舌象特征调查

目的:调查鼻咽癌癌变过程舌象特征。方法:在鼻咽癌高发区广东中山,对201例慢性鼻咽炎、61例鼻咽癌前病变、107例初诊鼻咽癌患者进行舌象观察。调查结果采用SPSS(10.0)进行统计分析。结果:淡白舌以鼻咽癌前病变者及鼻咽炎患者为多见,分别占55.7%及44.8%,初诊鼻咽癌患者只占26.1%;红舌者以初诊鼻咽癌为多见,约占21.5%,而鼻咽癌前病变者及鼻咽炎患者较少见,分别仅占1.6%及9.5%,P<0.01。青紫色及淡红舌(正常舌色)在鼻咽炎、鼻咽癌前病变及初诊鼻咽癌中所占比例相当,分别为20.4%、21.3%、26.2%;及25.4%、21.3%、26.2%;P>0.05。黄苔、腻苔及少苔等病理性舌苔在三类疾病中差异无显著性。结论:鼻咽癌变过程存在一定的舌象变化特征。     

医学专业师生关于人体实验的知、信、行调查分析

目的:了解医学专业师生关于人体实验认知、态度、行为的现状,填补国内有关资料的空白,为人体实验相关法规、制度的完善提供参考,为相关教育的改进提供依据。方法:在广州中医药大学、中山大学医学院随机抽取医学专业师生进行调查。结果:医学专业师生关于人体实验认知的正确率偏低,而对知情同意的认识比较正确,对人体实验大多数采取中立态度。人体实验开展并不活跃,水平不高,知情同意贯彻不力。结论:维护受试者利益始终是人体实验的前提与首要原则,忽略此原则的所谓"知情同意"只能造成更大危害。以安慰剂试验为代表的临床科研并不属于欺骗。现有条件下"知情同意"不可能得到有效贯彻,受试者对实验危险性应绝对知情,至于其它内容,研究者应根据受试者意愿与自己的熟悉程度尽量告知。     

吉林省部分城乡社区居民糖尿病流行病学研究

目的 了解吉林省城乡社区居民糖尿病患病情况，为吉林省糖尿病防制提供可靠依据。方法 采用四阶段分层整群随机抽样方法进行抽取1649名居民进行糖尿病流行病学调查。结果 糖尿病患病率3．52％，空腹血糖受损患病率5．0％；城市社区患病率高于农村社区，糖尿病患病率随年龄增长而上升，肥胖人群患糖尿病的危险是正常人群的5．8倍。结论 吉林省城乡社区居民糖尿病患病率高于全国平均水平，存在明显的城乡差异，亟需对高危人群进行干预。     

哮喘控制测试在中国应用的可行性研究

目的探讨哮喘控制测试表在中国应用的可行性。方法对44例支气管激发试验或支气管舒张试验阳性并闻及哮鸣音的支气管哮喘患者按GINA的治疗规范治疗2,3个月后,测定FEV1及FEV1%并同时填写5分制哮喘生存质量量表和ACT量表,并以生存质量量表数据分组进行统计学处理,比较两种量表的趋同性和一致性,并用FEV1%数据进行对比验证,同时通过相关分析对两种量表进行相关度和可信度检验。结果5分制哮喘生存质量量表与ACT和FEV1%具有良好的趋同性和一致性,且生存质量量表与ACT量表呈明显的正相关关系并具显著意义(r=0.709,P=0.000)。结论ACT完全可在中国应用,尤其在乡镇基层文化程度不高的患者群和欠缺肺功能测定设备的卫生院,ACT不失为一种可信度高的哮喘控制评价工具。另一方面,哮喘控制良好与否与患者吸入气雾剂或干粉的方法有密切关系,医务工作者有必要将正确的吸入方法交授给支气管哮喘患者。     

Development of a new simple estimating method for protein, fat, and carbohydrate in cooked foods.

Evaluations of daily nutrient intakes with practical accuracy contribute not only to public but also to personal health. To obtain accurate estimations of nutrient intake, chemical analyses of a duplicate sample of all foods consumed are recommended. But these analytical methods are expensive, time consuming, and not practically applicable for field surveys dealing with numerous food samples. To solve this problem, a new rapid and simple method of estimating nutrients is developed here. Elemental compositions of cooked foods were examined using a high speed and high performance carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen autoanalyzer, and the results showed good reproducibility. A significant correlation between Kjeldahl’s and the autoanalyzer methods was observed in the nitrogen measurement (n=20; r =0.999; p< 0.001), and very good agreement was observed between the methods. Therefore, the nitrogen amount obtained by the autoanalyzer was used for the estimation of the protein proportion in the cooked foods. The fat and carbohydrate proportions estimated by the new method correlated with the values obtained by the chemical method (p< 0.001 each). There were also good agreements of fat and carbohydrate proportions between the chemical and the new estimation methods. According to these results, the new, rapid and simple estimation method established in this study should be applicable to nutritional research.     

MOM营养粉临床应用的初步观察

对５０例自孕１６周起服用ＭＯＭ营养粉（３０ｇ／Ｈ）的正常孕妇及４０例同期服用钙、铁、叶酸、维生素ＡＤ的正常孕妇的营养情况进行分析。两组孕妇分别在孕１６，２８，３７周查血清总蛋白、白蛋白、空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清钙、铁、叶酸、维生素Ａ及全血谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积，以比较两组孕妇的营养状况。结果表明：两组中所测的各种化验结果均在正常范围，且差异无显著性，此外两组孕妇在不同孕周及孕期体重的增长、新生儿体重及母乳量差异亦无显著性，表明以食品ＭＯＭ营养粉代替药物补充孕妇的各种营养需要是切实可行的。     

Observations and recommendations for assessing patient satisfaction in a primary care setting using a previously validated questionnaire

Within the rapidly changing climate of primary care, there is an increasing need to evaluate the reactions of patients to real and proposed changes in practice. There are a number of methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative which have been employed to do this. This article presents the methodological problems which may be encountered in evaluating patients' opinions and attitudes in a primary care setting. We begin by discussing the issues which need evaluation, then describe the research process of a recent case study which aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction using a previously validated survey instrument, including the modifications which had to be made to overcome the problems of research in a real life practice setting. We then discuss the strengths and weaknesses of applying different methodological instruments within a primary care setting, and propose a mixed methodological framework as a template for future research which combines the strengths of both large scale survey and small scale qualitative methods to give more insight into the concerns and beliefs of patients as changes occur within their local practice.     

甘肃省中药材复杂品种及质量的调查研究(Ⅰ)——地区习用品种的调查

对甘肃省的地区习用品种进行了系统的调查整理,报道了尚在生产流通的58个品名的品种来源,产地及存在的主要问题。