Bell s面瘫对患者的心理影响及其心理健康状况

目的探讨Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动的影响及发病早期患者的心理健康状况。方法采用自编面瘫对患者形象、情绪及社会活动影响的调查问卷及症状自评量表(SCL-90),对63例首次发病的Bell's面瘫患者进行调查。统计分析采用t检验及相关分析。结果Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动均有明显影响。Bell's面瘫患者SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、精神病性因子分均高于全国成人常模,其SCL-90总分与自编面瘫影响问卷各条目得分均存在统计学相关关系。结论Bell's面瘫给首次发病患者带来不良心理影响,他们存在广泛的心身症状,这些不良影响与其心身症状有关。     

广东省湛江市农村人群肠道蠕虫感染调查

目的了解湛江市农村人群肠道蠕虫感染现状。方法随机采集村民新鲜粪便，用直接涂片法及饱和盐水浮聚法检查虫卵，用盐酸左旋咪唑驱虫法检查感染钩虫种类。结果粪检190人，虫卵阳性78人，总感染率为41．1％。检出3种肠道蠕虫卵，其中钩虫感染率25．8％，蛔虫感染率12．1％，鞭虫感染率10．5％，有2种或3种虫卵阳性率为6．8％；不同地点各虫感染率不同；钩虫以50—70岁人群感染率较高，蛔虫、鞭虫以20岁以下人群常见；女性的钩虫感染率明显高于男性。药物驱虫后检获有十二指肠钩虫成虫、美洲钩虫成虫及雄性蛔虫，其中，十二指肠钩虫占钩虫比例87．4％，美洲钩虫占钩虫比例12．6％。结论湛江市农村人群感染蛔虫、鞭虫及钩虫常见，其中以钩虫感染最为严重。钩虫感染率较高与旱作生产生活方式密切相关。十二指肠钩虫在该地钩虫流行中占了重要地位。     

An epidemiologic approach to computerized medical diagnosis—AEDMI program

A program called “An Epidemiological Approach to Computerized Medical Diagnosis” (AEDMI) is presented. Using an interactive questionnaire, physician-patient interviews are conducted and a summary of the relevant clinical data is provided. Standard items, obained on a multi-centre basis, form a large-scale data base. Simultaneously, the reasoning of clinical experts in each real case is analyzed to obtain a knowledge-rules data base. The methodology of the program combines Bayesian systems, expert systems, and other new lines of researcg such as neural networks or case-based reasoning. The general concepts of clinical decision making aid systems are reviewed. This publication is aimed at obtaining international cooperation.     

41名肢残者十六项人格特质测验

应用“卡特尔十六项人格特质测验问卷”,对41名肢残者和40名健全人进行对照研究。结果表明,肢残人较健全人在孤独性上具有明显的差异,偏于缄默,固执,关注外界信息,具有一定的防卫倾向。肢残人富于实验性,较健全人更自由、激进、好学,具有较强的独立工作能力,希望生活更充实多彩。在各项能力水平上,肢残上与健全人没有显著差别。不同性别肢残人人格特质在敏感性上差异明显,女性较理智和着重现实,而男性则偏于敏感,易感情用事。     

A simple diagnostic index for asthma

BACKGROUND: Asthma is becoming increasingly prevalent and a number of research groups are investigating its genetic and environmental basis. OBJECTIVE: To produce a brief screening tool suitable for determining phenotype in asthma research. METHODS: The scores from eight questions on symptoms and history were obtained from 678 adults and 244 children from high asthma-incidence caucasian families. An independent physician diagnosis was also obtained with the use of a modified NHLBI-CSGA questionnaire and pulmonary function test. Stepwise logistic regression was applied to determine which of the eight questions had greatest predictive value for asthma, and the quality of the resultant models was evaluated using an independent set of 643 adults and 239 children. RESULTS: For adults, the most parsimonious model used responses from three of the eight questions. It had sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. For children, responses to two questions gave a model with sensitivity and specificity of 0.97. For both age groups, negative predictive values were above 0.87. Positive predictive values were 0.58 and 0.78 for adults and children respectively. The latter emphasize the need for conformation, by physician, of "affected" calls made by this initial screen. CONCLUSION: The brief questionnaires described are potentially useful in a research setting, as a preliminary screening mechanism of low cost. Their use will reduce the numbers of subjects that must undergo detailed phenotyping.     

What Can Be Learned from a Lattice Analysis of a Laterality Questionnaire?

In order to develop a genetic study of human laterality, we conducted an exploratory study concerning one aspect of this phenotype: lattice analysis was used to determine whether the structure of manual preference was the same for right- and left-handers. The study highlights the links between two sets — participants and actions — describing binary data, by ordering them dually along a Galois lattice: participants were ordered according to subsets of actions for which they used only their writing hand, while actions were ordered according to sub-groups using their writing hand to perform them. The twelve item questionnaire of Annett was analysed in two samples of 94 adult right-hand and 31 left-hand writers. The items did not have the same categorical impact for the two groups of left- and right-hand writers. The behaviour of right-handers appeared globally more stereotyped. On the contrary, left-handed profiles were nearly all distinct. To explore these conclusions more thoroughly in the general population would certainly require greater samples. Nevertheless in both cases the observed structures were highly dimensional, a result that would grow stronger as the group sizes increase. Hence whereas some questionnaires purport to evaluate laterality along an unidimensional continuum, the present analysis questions such a strong assumption providing evidence to the contrary.     

湛江市城区7-12岁小学生社交恐惧症流行病学现状调查

目的:了解湛江市儿童社交恐惧症(Social anxiety disorder of childhood,SADC)的患病现况。方法:采取随机、分层、整群抽样的调查方法,使用中文修订版儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)调查湛江市2409名小学生,对量表分大于2倍均数标准差的儿童进行面谈,依照中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第三版(CCMD-3)的标准进行诊断。结果:湛江市儿童社交恐惧症患病率为2·74%。男、女生患病率分别为2·6%和2·9%,差异无显著性(χ2=0·11,P=0·744);各年级患病率在1·76%~4·32%之间,差异无显著性(χ2=5·47,P=0·361)。结论:湛江市儿童社交恐惧症患病率较高,应引起老师、家长及有关部门的重视。     

陕西、青海、新疆三省(区)部分人群庚型肝炎病毒血清学调查

目的：调查陕西、青海、新疆三省（区）部分人群庚型肝炎病毒（HGV／GBV）血清学特征。方法：采用ELISA方法，共调查三省（区）1469份血清中GBV－IgG抗体。结果：少数民族血清GBV－IgG抗体的阳性率（藏族4．11％，蒙古族5．36％，维吾尔族4．55％，回族4．00％）略高于汉族（1．36％－1．73％），但差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；吸毒人群GBV－IgG阳性率（11．30％，34／301）明显高于正常人群（2．44％，18／736），（P＜0．01）；献血员GBV－IgG阳性率为1．02％－7．68％。结论：三省区民族间GBV－IgG抗体阳性差异无显著性，血源性传播是其重要途径，应加强对献血员及吸毒人员的监管。     

安徽省有焦虑症状大学生的社会人口特征及社会心理分析

目的:了解安徽省大学生焦虑症状流行状况及其社会人口和社会心理影响因素。方法:对所有省属高校按专业分层,以校为整群抽样(每专业1校),抽取该校在校生的15%。采用无记名问卷调查,共获得有效问卷4178份。调查工具包括焦虑自评问卷(SAS)和青少年负性生活事件量表(ASLEC)。结果:6.94%的大学生存在焦虑,其中男生7.22%,女生为6.35%。理工学生焦虑检出率最高(10.08%),西医学生最低(3.59%)。卡方检验显示焦虑症状与社会人口特征中的出生地、年级、学习成绩、专业及父亲学历有关;与社会心理因素中的生活事件与生活经历,家庭环境中的大部分特征都有统计意义的相关性。多元逐步回归模型进一步发现焦虑症状受社会人口特征中理工类专业(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.30～2.41)和成绩差(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.09～1.93)的显著影响,同时也受社会心理因素中的负性生活事件(OR=4.76,95%CI:3.36～6.77)、消极社会经历(OR=3.35,95%CI:2.43～4.62)以及家庭环境特征中的亲密度(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.49～0.85)和情感表达(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.54～0.94)的显著影响。结论:大学生焦虑症状受社会人口特征及社会心理各方面的综合影响,大学生焦虑症状的预防需家庭、学校和社会的共同参与和促进。     

青少年网络行为问卷的编制及信效度分析

目的:编制青少年网络行为问卷,为系统评估网络成瘾青少年的网络相关行为特点提供工具。方法:通过开放式访谈和文献复习,建立问卷的初始条目库。采用探索性因素分析技术筛选条目。在湖南永州和长沙市分别取样490例和606例,进行问卷的有关信效度检验。结果:青少年网络行为问卷最终由56个条目构成,其中反映网络使用时间和上网条件等一般情况的条目16条,余40个条目可归纳为9个因子,分别为信息与技术、性与游戏、娱乐放松、网络人际关系、网络效能感、对网络的积极评价、消极评价、上网焦虑、网络满意度。9因子累计可解释方差变异的51.651%。验证性因素分析表明,9因子结构拟合良好,χ2/df=2.780,NFI=0.961,RFI=0.957,IFI=0.975,TLI=0.972,CFI=0.975,RMSEA=0.054。除少数分量表外,各分量表的"系数和重测相关系数较高。结论:青少年网络行为问卷具有较好的结构效度和信度。其实证效度有待进一步检验。