呼和浩特地区11070名中,小学生视力调查分析

本文共测试了１１０７０名呼和浩特市城区和在区中、小学生的视力。结果是：引起学生视力低下的主要原因为近视，且近视的检出率和重度近视随年龄增长而增加，特别是在１３～１８岁年龄组更为明显；近视检出率城区学生明显高于农区学生（μ＞２．５８，ｐ＜０．０１），但是，无论城区学生或农区学生，女生的检出率分别都明显高于男生（μ＞２．５８，Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

老年病人鼻饲营养调查

对11名69～83岁不能自然进食的男性鼻饲病人进行了全面的营养调查,平均每人每日热能摄取为1722kcal,而热能消耗在1300～1700kcal之间。蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物每人每日平均摄入82.4、72.5、185.0g,分别占总产热量19.1、37.9、和43.0％。动物蛋白质和动物脂肪分别占总蛋白和总脂肪的71.9和69.3％,蛋白质量较优。脂肪总量虽不太高,但占总产热量偏大,碳水化物嫌少,而(?)(?)(?)投入939mg,摄入过多。钙、磷、铁摄入充裕,可满足需要。维生素A、核黄素也可满足需要,但硫胺素、尼克酸和抗坏血酸摄入量不足。这些都还需要改进。     

沈阳市某农村社区居民健康状况分析

目的：了解沈阳市农村社区居民健康状况及主要健康问题,为农村健康促进工作提供基础资料。方法：采用随机抽样的方法,选择东陵区某中等经济水平农村社区18岁以上成年人进行一般状况调查及健康体检。结果：本社区居民超重和肥胖、高血粘、血压异常、脂肪肝、咽炎、尿路感染、女性阴道炎检出率较高,分别为48.0%,41.5%,33.8%,27.1%,20.7%,7.0%,47.5%。结论：该社区需加强健康教育和健康促进为主导的综合干预措施,进一步促进农村社区人群健康状况。     

Study of the measurement of defense style using Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire

Two hundred and seventy healthy university students were surveyed in December 1995 using Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) to measure the subjects' defense mechanisms. At the same time, a survey using Byrne's R-S Scale (Repression–Sensitization Scale) of the MMPI (Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory) and five psychiatric symptom indexes (anxiety, sense of inadequacy, sensitivity, depression and impulsive anger) selected from the CMI (Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire) was conducted. Three factors were extracted from the DSQ through factor analysis: immature defenses, neurotic defenses, and mature defenses. The results of analysis of variance revealed the following: (i) for anxiety and anxiety related symptoms, both immature defenses and neurotic defenses indicated principal effect; (ii) for impulsive anger and depression, immature defenses presented principal effect; and (iii) for sensitivity and impulsive anger, interaction between a mature defense style and neurotic defense style was noted. The relationship between defense styles and psychiatric symptoms in healthy people is studied in this paper.     

住院医师规范化培训与临床实习并轨模式下临床实习生满意度调查

目的　通过开展住院医师规范化培训与临床实习并轨模式下临床实习生对科室和带教教师的满意度调查,探求如何进一步推进临床实习工作。方法　采用整群抽样方式,自行设计量表,量表内容包括：教学工作重视程度、实习安排合理性、教学活动开展情况、教学活动开展质量、出科考核情况、带教教师医德医风示范性、教师带教态度及教师理论知识的传授情况、教师指导医疗操作情况、教师病历修改情况等。对2018年7月至2019年6月某医院临床专业实习生开展问卷调查。采用SPSS 22.0进行两独立样本的t检验或秩和检验方法,多组数据分析采用方差分析。结果　共发放调查问卷1 230份,收回1 195份,有效回收率97.15%。该医院临床实习生总体满意度为（9.62±0.39）分。实习生对带教教师医德医风示范性的评价最高[（9.75±0.78）分],对各科室教学活动开展质量的评价最低[（9.52±1.15）分],各项评价之间差异有统计学意义（F=7.30,P<0.001）。结论　各教研室、各科室在医院推行住院医师规范化培训与临床实习并轨模式下,按要求完成各项带教任务,但教学质量和内涵建设有待加强。     

急诊科护士对新发传染病知信行调查问卷的编制

目的 编制急诊科(emergency department,ED)护士对新发传染病(emerging infectious diseases,EID)知信行(knowledge attitude practice,KAP)调查问卷,并进行信效度检验。方法 以KAP理论为基础,通过文献回顾、德尔菲专家函询形成问卷初稿;于2021年5月方便抽样上海市3所三级甲等综合医院293名ED护士进行预调查,完成问卷条目筛选和信效度检验。结果 形成含有34个条目的ED护士对EID知信行调查问卷,其中知识维度12个条目、态度维度10个条目、行为维度12个条目。问卷整体Cronbach's α系数为0.926,各维度Cronbach's α系数为0.617~0.968;问卷整体分半信度为0.846,各维度分半信度为0.614~0.958。问卷水平内容效度指数(scale-level content validity index,S-CVI)为0.99,条目水平内容效度指数(item-level content validity index,I-CVI)为0.99~1.00;探索因子分析显示,知识、态度、行为3个维度分别提取公因子4个、1个、2个,累计方差贡献率分别为50.192%、78.319%、73.341%,问卷整体累计方差贡献率67.242%;验证因子分析显示,问卷整体及各维度拟合度较好。结论 EID知信行调查问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为ED护士对EID KAP的评估工具。     

Attitudes toward male fertility control: results of a multinational survey on four continents

BACKGROUND: Following extensive research activity to develop an effective agent to control male fertility, such a product may be available for use within approximately 5 years. However, little is known concerning contraceptive knowledge, desires and attitudes of men in different countries, and their acceptance of male fertility control (MFC). METHODS: A survey of >9000 males aged 18-50 years was performed in nine countries on four continents in 2002. The objective was to compare, on a cross-cultural basis, the knowledge, attitudes and acceptability of MFC among men and assess their willingness to use such a method. RESULTS: Between 50 and 83% of the male respondents currently use contraceptive methods, and 55-81.5% reported that both partners participate in selecting the method of contraception employed. Overall acceptance of hormonal MFC was high (>55%), with 28.5-71.4% of survey participants of various nationalities expressing the willingness to use such a method. CONCLUSION: While MFC appears to be well accepted overall, the willingness to use this type of contraception varies widely between differing population groups. The specific characteristics and profile of any MFC product will have to be carefully evaluated to accurately assess its acceptance, both by men and their female partners.     

Comparison of dietary intakes in four selected European populations

Summary The composition of diet and food intakes in four selected European populations were compared. Dietary data (from the World Health Organization Project on Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) were measured by record methods and were available for middle-aged men in Finland (n = 653), France (n =1128), Northern Ireland (n = 356), and southern Germany (Augsburg region; n = 899). Nutritional variables — which are independent of the absolute energy intake, such as the percentage supply of energy from macronutrients and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids — were on the whole similar. However, striking differences were found in food intake and in the percentage supply of fat from different foods. The results indicate that detailed knowledge of consumption figures is necessary to develop prudent and acceptable nutrition intervention programs.Abbreviations CHD coronary heart disease - MONICA monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease - MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids - P/S ratio ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids - PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids - SFA saturated fatty acids     

CR-lipped bearing is an adequate functional solution to patients with perioperative excessive laxity in cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundThe cruciate retaining lipped (CR-lipped) bearing is designed to provide more anterior-posterior (AP) stability and could be employed to resolve excessive intraoperative laxity during the cruciate retaining TKA (CR-TKA). The aim of the study was to determine whether the CR-lipped bearing in CR-TKAs with a perioperative excessive laxity allows equivalent functional results as compared to the standard CR articulation.MethodsA cohort of 111 TKAs with CR-lipped bearings was matched to a cohort of conventional CR bearings regarding age and sex. The CR-lipped bearing was used in patients with excessive knee AP laxity and the regular CR bearing was used in patients without excessive AP laxity during TKA. Various PROMs (WOMAC, KSS, SF-36) were assessed preoperatively and at 5-years postoperative in combination with revision rate and Range of Motion (ROM).ResultsPROMs did not differ significantly between both groups 5-years postoperatively. Mean ROM (flexion) 5-years postoperatively was not significantly different. The implant survivorship was 100% for both cohorts with revision for any reason as end point.ConclusionBased on these results, the CR-lipped bearing is a safe and effective solution for mild interoperatively assessed PCL laxity during CR-TKA without loss of function or decreased survivorship at 5 years. Peroperative conversion to a PS-TKA in order to obtain satisfactory functional scores might therefore not be necessary when mild PCL laxity is observed during surgery. Further research should focus on verifying this approach and longer follow-up is needed to generate data on long term survivorship.Level of evidenceLevel IV therapeutic, retrospective, cohort study.     

保定市躯体形式障碍的流行病学调查

目的了解保定市躯体形式障碍的患病率和分布特点。方法2004年10月～2005年3月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取≥18周岁的人群，共10073名，用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）将调查对象分为高、中、低危险组，采用美国精神障碍诊断标准（DSM-Ⅳ），以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册-第四版（DSM-Ⅳ）轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版对调查对象进行躯体形式障碍的诊断。以大体功能量表（GAF）评定患者的心理、社会和职业功能。结果9021人完成调查，躯体形式障碍的时点患病率为0．99%。（95%CI=0．79％～1．20％）．躯体化障碍0．03％、未分化的躯体形式障碍0．24％、疼痛障碍0．56％、疑病症0．18％。女性（1．43％）明显高于男性（0．13％）（P〈0．01）；40～49岁及50～59岁患病率较高（1．84％及1．55％）；与抑郁症及焦虑障碍共病49．12％；心理、社会和职业功能受损程度无或轻度50．88％、中度33．33％、重度15．79％；躯体形式障碍就诊精神科门诊为3．51％。结论躯体形式障碍在女性及中年人群（40～59岁）中患病率高，与抑郁症及焦虑障碍共病常见．其精神科服务利用率低。