角膜共焦显微镜对于肌萎缩侧索硬化症小纤维神经病变的临床研究

目的通过角膜共焦显微镜(CCM)评价肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者小纤维病变情况及其诊断价值。方法肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者57例, 为2015年6月至2016年2月北京大学第三医院神经内科门诊和住院患者, 男性37例、女性20例, 年龄24～80(52±11)岁。健康对照组30名, 男性21名、女性9名, 年龄23～76(55±13)岁。采用CCM量化分析角膜神经纤维的角膜神经纤维长度(NFL), 神经分支密度(NBD), 神经纤维密度(NFD), 神经纤维弯曲度(NFT), 并同时进行接触性热痛诱发电位(CHEP), 皮肤交感反射(SSR)等检查。计量资料用xˉ±s或M(Q₁, Q₃)表示;计量资料符合正态分布者组间比较用t检验, 偏态分布计量资料可用秩和检验等非参数检验, 计数资料分析用χ2检验。多因素计量资料相关分析用简单相关分析。所有统计分析采用SPSS 12.0软件处理。结果肌萎缩侧索硬化症组角膜NFL、NFD均显著低于健康对照组[(12.2±4.4)mm/mm2比(15.1±4.5)mm/mm2, P=0.028;(50.8±24.0)个/mm...     

Fibra dietaria y microbiota,revisión narrativa de un grupo de expertos de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología

Dietary fiber intake is one of the most influential and efficacious strategies for modulating the gut microbiota. Said fiber can be digested by the microbiota itself, producing numerous metabolites, which include the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local and systemic functions that impact the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and consequently, human health. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide a document that serves as a frame of reference for a clear understanding of dietary fiber and its direct and indirect effects on health.The direct benefits of dietary fiber intake can be dependent on or independent of the gut microbiota. The use of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota involves several factors, including the fiber's physiochemical characteristics. Dietary fiber type influences the gut microbiota because not all bacterial species have the same capacity to produce the enzymes needed for its degradation. A low-fiber diet can affect the balance of the SCFAs produced. Dietary fiber indirectly benefits cardiometabolic health, digestive health, certain functional gastrointestinal disorders, and different diseases.     

纤维桩修复离体牙抗折强度的研究进展

纤维桩因其良好的力学性能和生物相容性,在临床上得到广泛应用。临床上纤维桩的抗折强度对纤维桩的固位起着非常重要的作用,因此学者们进行了一系列体外实验研究纤维桩的抗折强度。本文主要从纤维桩的长度、不同桩核系统、纤维桩表面处理等方面对影响纤维桩核抗折强度的因素做一综述,以期能为纤维桩核修复提供一定的临床依据。纤维桩核系统可以增强离体牙的抗折强度,折裂模式均为可修复性,利于牙根的保留,能够满足临床的治疗需要。     

Phase Diagram of Sodium Hexametaphosphate and Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) Mixtures and In Situ Monitoring of Step‐by‐Step Deposition in This Polyelectrolyte System

The step‐by‐step deposition of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and sodium hexameta­phosphate (PSP) leads to coatings displaying interesting intumescent properties and is a fascinating model system to understand the fundamental mechanism behind such a deposition process. In this investigation, the deposition kinetics of (PAH‐PSP)_n is followed in situ by means of a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, as a function of NaCl concentration. The evolution of the film deposition is analyzed in detail and the data are compared with previous data obtained by ellipsometry on dried films. These results are also compared with the expectations from the PAH/PSP phase diagram. The (PAH‐PSP)_n films are also able to incorporate hexacyanoferrate anions with an amount of an incorporated redox probe reflecting the film thickness as obtained in the presence of eletrolyte solutions of increasing ionic strength. The in situ measurements and the electrochemical probe experiments reveal details of the film deposition mechanism that are not accessible by dry‐state characterization methods.

     

Post‐traumatic stress disorder,social support and cognitive status in community‐based older veterans

Objective: The present study investigated the relationships between structural and qualitative aspects of social support, combat‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cognitive status in a New Zealand veterans sample. Methods: A random sample of 232 New Zealand veterans completed a self‐report questionnaire and participated in a face‐to‐face interview. Results: Regression analysis showed that when controlling for age, income, education, depression and general health, PTSD scores had a negative relationship with cognitive status. Those who reported having private, restricted social networks had poorer cognitive functioning. These relationships were independent of each other. Conclusions: The findings suggest that while social support might be a potential target for interventions in at‐risk older adults, health professionals need to be aware of the concomitant possible influence of past trauma when dealing with this specific population.     

Myocardial bundles with slow conduction properties are present on the left interventricular septal surface of normal human hearts

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine the electrophysiologic characteristics of the normal left interventricular septum (LIVS). METHODS AND RESULTS: We explored the LIVS in search of endocardial potentials following ventricular electrograms during sinus rhythm in 28 patients without structural heart disease. In all patients, low-frequency (mean amplitude: 0.81 +/- 0.33 mV) systolic potentials (LA1) were detected in a basal-to-apical activation sequence (earliest to latest QRS-LA1 interval: 93.3 +/- 10.8 ms to 127.1 +/- 16.6 ms). Programmed stimulation demonstrated decremental conduction properties, and the effective refractory period of the tissue between the ventricular electrogram and LA1 at baseline (376.7 +/- 48.8 ms) was significantly prolonged by disopyramide (421.3 +/- 54.1 ms, P < 0.05 vs baseline). In 21 patients (75%), diastolic potentials (LA2) morphologically similar to LA1 (mean amplitude: 0.52 +/- 0.17 mV) were detected in an apical-to-basal activation sequence (earliest to latest QRS-LA2 interval: 368.9 +/- 32.4 ms to 440.7 +/- 45.8 ms). Para-Hisian pacing with capture of the His bundle showed shorter S-LA1 and S-LA2 intervals compared to the beats without His-bundle capture but with ventricular capture (156.3 +/- 11.2 ms vs 183.2 +/- 12.3 ms, and 385.7 +/- 21.6 ms vs 397.4 +/- 23.4 ms, respectively, P < 0.0001). At the same rate, the LA1-LA2 interval was significantly shorter during right ventricular apical than atrial overdrive pacing (220.4 +/- 23.1 ms vs 261.4 +/- 30.7 ms, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Unique myocardial bundles with slow conduction properties and various electrical connections with the specialized conduction system may exist in the LIVS of normal human hearts.     

A‐Fibers Mediate Cold Hyperalgesia in Patients with Oxaliplatin‐Induced Neuropathy

Cold hyperalgesia is a common side effect of oxaliplatin treatment; still, the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms as well as the contribution of different primary afferent fiber systems are unclear. Therefore, patients with oxaliplatin‐induced acute neuropathy with (n = 6) and without (n = 7) cold hyperalgesia were tested by applying a preferential blockade of peripheral myelinated A‐fiber afferents in combination with quantitative sensory testing. Additionally, an interview‐based questionnaire assessed the severity of symptoms and the impact on daily activities. Results indicate a deficit of cold perception in patients without cold hyperalgesia compared to patients with cold hyperalgesia prior to A‐fiber blockade. In patients with cold hyperalgesia, a preferential blockade of A‐fibers abolished cold hyperalgesia. This suggests that oxaliplatin‐induced cold hyperalgesia is mediated by A‐fibers and that a deficit in A‐fiber function might prevent the development of cold hyperalgesia. The work supports findings in rodents and in human sural nerve biopsies indicating that oxaliplatin interferes with axonal ion conductance in intact A‐fibers by sensitizing potassium and/or sodium channels. Drugs that act on these molecular targets might be of potential value to treat oxaliplatin‐induced cold hyperalgesia.     

纤维支气管镜引导双腔气管导管插管和可视双腔气管导管插管的对比研究

目的比较纤维支气管镜引导普通双腔气管导管插管和可视双腔气管导管插管用于开胸手术单肺通气麻醉的临床效果。方法选择需行开胸手术的患者60例,随机均分为两组。分别使用纤维支气管镜引导普通双腔气管导管插管和可视双腔气管导管插管。比较两组双腔气管导管定位时间及观察插管应激的血流动力学反应。结果可视双腔气管导管插管组气管导管定位时间比纤维支气管镜引导普通双腔气管导管插管组短,定位及术中管理便捷;可视双腔气管导管插管组插管引起的血流动力学反应与纤维支气管镜引导普通双腔气管导管插管组也没有差异。结论可视双腔气管导管定位时间短,定位准确,易于术中管理。但是仅有左侧双腔一种类型,应用范围存在一定局限性。     

上肢力量训练对脑卒中患者上肢及手指功能恢复和卒中后抑郁的影响

目的：观察脑卒中患者上肢力量训练对上肢及手指功能恢复的影响,并评价其对脑卒中后抑郁缓解的效果。方法：选取2017年1月至2017年5月于同济大学医学院附属第十人民医院收治的首次发病脑卒中合并偏瘫患者100例作为研究对象。患者随机分为2组（n=50）：对照组给予常规康复治疗,卒中后抑郁患者加用盐酸帕罗西汀治疗;训练组在常规康复治疗的基础上,给予力量训练,卒中后抑郁患者加用盐酸帕罗西汀治疗。所有患者在治疗前、治疗后6个月均采用Fugl-Meyer量表（FMA）、Barthel指数（BI）和美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表（NIHSS）进行评定;卒中后抑郁患者采用汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）进行抑郁程度评价。结果：治疗6个月后,训练组患者FMA、FMA（上肢）、FMA（手指）和NIHSS评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组间Barthel指数差异无统计学意义。两组卒中后抑郁患者治疗6个月后,训练组患者HAMD评分优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：脑卒中患者上肢力量训练能改善上肢及手指功能,有效提高患者生活质量,且有助于缓解卒中后抑郁。     

Accuracy of administrative claims data to identify dose specific rotavirus vaccination information: Implications for studies of vaccine safety

BackgroundThe accuracy of vaccine administration information recorded in administrative claims databases is uncertain.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the HealthCore Integrated Research Database^SM among infants who received at least 1 RotaTeq^® (RV5) dose during the first year of life between February 1, 2006 and November 30, 2012 and were enrolled in the health plan at birth. We reviewed medical records for a sample of infants to validate vaccine administration information.ResultsWe identified 169,560 infants who received at least 1 RV5 dose. Medical records were obtained for 85 infants, of which 74 (PPV1 87.1%; 95% CI 78.0–93.4%) had a corresponding first RV5 vaccination in the medical record with the same or similar administration date.ConclusionsAdministrative claims contained inaccuracies in dose number or administration date for 13% of RV5 first doses identified.