The anterolateral funiculus in the spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

We carried out a morphometric study on the myelinated fibers in the anterolateral funiculus (ALF) and lateral corticospinal tract (LCS) in the cervical segment of the spinal cord of 13 patients with classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 6 of whom had been on a respirator: 5 age-matched subjects were used as controls. The results obtained revealed that: (1) the fiber-size distributions of the myelinated fibers in the ALF and LCS of the control subjects had peaks at 2 m; (2) there were marked and significant losses of large myelinated fibers in the ALF and LCS of ALS patients; (3) the patients who required respirator support showed more severe degeneration in the ALF than those who required none; and (4) the degree of myelinated fiber loss in the LCS did not correlate with either the illness duration or the history of respirator use.     

15种抗菌药物对大肠埃希氏菌抗生素后效应（PAE）的研究

本采用光密度法测定15种抗菌药物对医院感染主要致病菌——大肠埃希氏菌的抗生素后效应(PAE),结果表明在亚抑菌浓度时,青霉素类和头孢菌素类对大肠埃希氏菌的PAE很短甚至为负值,氨基糖甙类和磷霉素的PAE较短,碳青霉烯和氟喹诺酮类PAE很明显,随浓度的增加,PAE显延长;在4倍MIC时．青霉素类和头孢菌素类PAE有一定延长,磷霉素、碳青霉烯类、氨基糖甙类及氟睦诺酮类PAE显延长,其中氟喹诺酮类药物在4倍MIC时PAE可达4．5h左右。青霉素类和头孢菌素类对大肠埃希氏菌PAE较短．呈部分浓度依赖性;磷霉素、碳青霉烯类、氨基糖甙类及氟喹诺酮类PAE很明显,且显示出显的浓度依赖性,各类药物PAE的不同可能与其产生机制不同有关。     

光猝灭法测定水杨酸醑中的水杨酸

目的：探索一种新的测定水杨酸醑中水杨酸的方法。方法：采用光猝灭法测定水杨酸醑中的水杨酸。结果：水杨酸浓度在 １～４０ μｇ／ｍ ｌ 范围内与 ｌｇ（ Ｆ０／ Ｆ）成线性,检测限为 １０ μｇ／ｍ ｌ,回收率为 １０２％ , Ｒ Ｓ Ｄ 为７８５％ ,与紫外分光光度法比较没有显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。结论：本实验为在位、在线测定水杨酸奠定了基础。     

锐钛型TiO_2性能研究 I.影响化纤钛白原料性能的因素

研究了硫酸法ＴｉＯ２生产中常见杂质离子及煅烧添加剂对化纤钛白白度、光色互变性及分散性等的影响,考察了工业生产中关键单元操作对提高化钎钛白应用性能的作用。同时给出了能提高化纤钛白应用性能的煅烧添加剂配比。     

湿法纺制PEI／PES中空纤维气体分离共混膜

采用湿法纺丝工艺纺制了聚醚酰亚胺（ＰＥＩ）－聚苯醚砜（ＰＥＳ）中空纤维Ｈ２－Ｎ２和Ｈｅ－Ｎ２分离共混膜,得到Ｈ２和Ｈｅ的渗透通量及选择性为：ＪＨ２＝３６０ＧＰＵ,αＨ２／Ｎ２＝１６２,ＪＨｅ＝１８１ＧＰＵ,αＨｅ／Ｎ２＝７６．７;研究了芯液组成及其流量对膜性能的影响。通过扫描电镜,分析了中空纤维膜的结构,讨论了膜制备过程中的相转化原理。     

应力场下固—液相分离制备微孔聚丙烯中空纤维膜

将聚丙烯和石蜡油的混合物熔融挤出,使之在较高的应力场下冷却和相分离,得到了弹性聚丙烯中空纤维。这种部分结晶的弹性纤维可能具有平行排列的片晶结构,石蜡油存在于片晶之间。将石蜡油提取掉后稍加拉伸即可得到透气性很好的微孔中空纤维渗透膜。     

外源性雄激素对幼年大鼠骨骼肌肌纤维及其运动终板形态的影响

目的：观察雄激素对骨骼肌肌纤维及其运动终板形态的影响。材料与方法：给５ ｄ 龄的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ 雄性大鼠持续５ 周肌内注射丙酸睾丸酮（每天４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,用肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶染色法（ｐＨ１０－４ 孵育液预处理） 和乙酰胆碱酯酶染色法分别对大鼠趾长伸肌的肌纤维和运动终板染色。结果：雄激素对幼年雄性大鼠趾长伸肌的肌纤维类型形态以及运动终板的结构均没有显著影响（Ｐ＞０－０５）。结论：从形态上可能说明雄激素对肢体骨骼肌的收缩速度没有显著影响。     

Macromorphology and histology of intramuscular hemorrhages in cases of drowning

In a prospective autopsy series of 39 cases of fatal drowning, the detailed dissection of the skeletal muscles of the neck, anterior / posterior trunk and the upper extremities in layers revealed intramuscular hemorrhages of different size and shape in 20 cases (51.3 %). Light microscopy examination showed a premortal (vital/agonal) type of muscular alteration in 7 (50 %) out of 14 macroscopical hemorrhage-positive cases. These hemorrhages and histological muscle alterations are attributed to agonal convulsions, hypercontraction and overexertion of the affected muscle groups. As long as no cutaneous or subcutaneous hematomas above the hemorrhages can be found, these autopsy findings (with special reference to histology) can serve as an additional criterion concerning the differentiation of drowning and another cause of death. Received: 31 July 1998 / Received in revised form: 31 August 1998     

某些血、尿生化指标与妇女骨密度的关系

目的探讨某些血尿生化指标与健康妇女骨密度的关系。方法用单光子骨密度仪测定妇女非优势侧前臂桡骨远端1／10处及中下1／3处骨密度,并测定了空腹10小时后的清晨2小时尿钙（Ca）、尿羟脯氨酸（Hyp）,尿肌酐（Cr）及血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）含量。结果血清AKP、尿Hyp／Cr随增龄而增加,绝经后更明显,且均与骨密度呈明显负相关。尿Ca／Cr亦随增龄而增加,绝经后更为明显,但与骨密度无明显相关。结论血清AKP、空腹尿Hyp／Cr可作为反映骨转换状态的指标。