光纤化学传感器—计算机联用实时在位测定氧氟沙星片体外溶出度

目的：探索一种连续在位测定固体制剂溶出度的新方法和新理论。方法：应用芘丁酸光纤化学传感器和计算机联用在线技术及中国药典（1995版）规定的紫外分光光度法（UV）分别测定氧氟沙星片剂的体外溶出度。结果：在药典规定的测定浓度范围内有良好的线性,相关系数0．9980。方法的日内、日间精密度（RSD）分别为1．18％和1．56％,当信噪比为3时检测限为0．56μg/ml。用中国药典（1995版）规定的紫外分光光度法作对照并进行评价,P＞0．05,显示两种方法所得结果无显著性差异。结论：本法改变传统的取样分析模式,实现了响应快速、准确、灵敏的过程分析。     

人类鱼际肌的肌纤维型分布

取 5例 (男 4 ,女 1) ,2 1～ 37岁 ,死亡后 12h内的人体两侧手鱼际肌组织 50块 ,用肌球蛋白ATP酶法 ,系统研究了各肌的肌纤维型分布。结果表明 :人类鱼际肌中I型 (慢缩 )纤维的平均百分率在 59%～ 67%之间 ,平均为 62 %显著高于上肢其它各肌群I型纤维的平均百分率 (P<0 0 5)。鱼际肌的深、浅层间 ,多数肌I型纤维百分率接近。左、右侧别比较 ,除拇收肌横头右侧者显著高于左侧外 ,其余肌均未见显著的I型纤维侧别差异 ,结合肌电图和拇指功能 ,对这些差异的意义进行了分析讨论     

PVA／PAA水凝胶纤维的电刺激响应性能

以过硫酸胺为引发剂,在PVA水溶液中原位聚合丙烯酸单体,得到的PVA／PAA混合水溶液在凝固浴硫酸胺饱和水溶液中纺丝制备了物理缠结和氢固定网络形式的PVA／PAA水凝胶纤维。该纤维于NaCl溶液中在直流电场作用下具有电流－刺激敏感性,表现为溶胀、收缩、弯曲行为。纤维的弯曲速度和最大弯曲度随电场强度和凝胶网络中PAA含量的增加而增大,随电解质溶液离子强度的变化出现临界最大值。纤维向负极弯曲的过程中,在电场下自由离子和反庆子迁移引起的渗透压主导作用,弯曲过程主要是溶胀弯曲;向正极弯曲过程中,由于电化学反应和电场作用下产生的PH梯度导致凝胶网络构像变化主导作用,弯曲主要是收缩弯曲;弯曲由负极向正极转化过程中,两种机理对弯曲的影响相对平衡。     

N—异丙基马来酰亚胺在渐变型耐温塑料光纤中的应用

研究了以N－异丙基马来酰亚胺（IPMI）与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物为基材,制备渐变形耐温塑料光纤的可行性。实验确定了链转移剂和N－烷基马来酰亚胺对体系玻璃化温度的影响。通过Lorentz-Lorenz公式,估算出IPMI在共聚物中的折光率值。用元素分析法证明IPMI在塑料光纤预制棒中呈渐变分布,测定了以此材料制备的塑料光纤预制棒的折光率分别布线,说明IPMI在提高塑料光纤耐温性的同时,可作为参杂剂使用。结果表明：IPM／MMA共聚物是制备渐变型耐温塑料光纤的良好材料。     

肌纤维转化生长因子-β信号激活与急性肌损伤炎症反应的相关性研究

目的探讨肢体创伤后急性肌损伤炎症反应过程中肌纤维自身转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)信号对肌内炎症的影响。方法取野生C57BL/6小鼠(野生小鼠组)、肌纤维条件性TGF-β受体Ⅱ敲除小鼠(敲除小鼠组)各16只。肌毒素腓肠肌内注射诱导小鼠急性肌损伤。比较两组小鼠在注射后0、4、7、10 d肌内单核-巨噬细胞、巨噬细胞、M1型巨噬细胞、CD4+T细胞、辅助性T细胞(Th)1、2、17等的渗出差异。取新生野生小鼠和敲除小鼠各2只,体外培养原代成肌细胞,分别分为两组:干扰素组(γ-干扰素处理)和对照组(仅加入等量溶剂)。比较两组肌细胞的白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)、H-2Kb蛋白、H2-Ea蛋白、Toll样受体(TLR)3蛋白、TLR7蛋白表达差异,以及野生小鼠和敲除小鼠干扰素组之间的差异。结果肌毒素注射后4、7 d,敲除小鼠组肌组织内单核-巨噬细胞比例(75.73%±3.62%、45.27%±2.32%)、巨噬细胞比例(38.67%±2.76%、24.87%±2.19%)、M1型巨噬细胞比例(43.21%±0.11%、30.43%±2.19%)、CD4+T细胞比例(20.13%±1.62%、5.67%±0.32%)显著高于野生小鼠组(58.52%±2.43%、29.21%±2.45%,20.63%±2.32%、16.23%±1.25%,24.98%±0.35%、14.23%±1.69%,10.70%±0.43%、2.50%±0.45%),且以Th1和Th17为主,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。体外实验结果显示:与对照组比较,干扰素组IL-6、MCP-1、MIP-1α、H-2Kb蛋白、H2-Ea蛋白、TLR3蛋白显著上调,且敲除小鼠干扰素组上调较野生小鼠干扰素组更显著,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内源TGF-β信号缺失影响肌纤维免疫行为的调节,使肌内炎症加剧,肌细胞修复延迟。     

大鼠脑缺血长期存活后海马可塑性的研究

本实验试图进一步探讨经长期存活后，脑缺血及不全脑缺血大鼠海马的可塑性变化，并验证它们之间的关系。脑缺血模型采用pulsinelli四血管结扎及其改变法，苔藓纤维显示采用Timm染色法．结果显示，大鼠脑缺血20muin、再存活90d后，海马CAI区细胞几乎全部丧失，CA2／CA3也出现严重的细胞消亡，CAI区明显萎缩，多数伴有苔藓纤维的侧枝抽芽，同期不全脑缺血大鼠海马未见或仅见局限于CAI的部分细胞丢失，齿状回或CA3区也伴有苔藓纤维抽芽．提示脑缺血经长期存活后引起的苔藓纤维的侧枝抽芽并不依赖于CAI区的细胞死亡．     

基于肠-肾轴理论浅析膳食纤维对慢性肾病的影响

慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)可引起肠道菌群失调及肠道屏障功能受损,而肠道稳态的破坏有 利于肠源性毒素的产生及肠腔细菌、内毒素的易位,加重CKD的尿毒症毒性及全身性炎症。膳食纤维可靶向作用于 “肠-肾轴”,从而降低CKD的尿毒症毒素水平及减轻全身性炎症。膳食纤维有望成为治疗CKD的新策略。     

Plant foods and colon cancer: an assessment of specific foods and their related nutrients (United States)

Plant foods have been associated inversely with colon cancer. Since amajor focus of this study was to identify components of plant foods whichmay account for their association with colon cancer, nutrients which arecommonly found in plant foods also were evaluated. A population-basedcase-control study was conducted in Northern California, Utah, and the TwinCities area of Minnesota (United States). Complete data were available frominterviewer-administered questionnaires on 1,993 cases and 2,410 controls.Higher intakes of vegetables (for highest relative to lowest quintile ofintake) were associated inversely with colon cancer risk: the odds ratio(OR) was 0.7 for both men (95 percent [CI] confidence interval = 0.5-0.9)and women (CI = 0.5-1.0). Associations were stronger among those withproximal tumors. Total fruit intake was not associated with colon cancerrisk although, among men, higher levels of whole grain intake wereassociated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.4-0.9 for older men);high intakes of refined grains were associated with an increased risk (OR =1.5, CI = 1.1-2.1). Dietary fiber intake was associated with a decreasedrisk of colon cancer: OR = 0.5 (CI = 0.3-0.9) for older men; OR = 0.7 (CI =0.4-1.2) for older women; OR = 0.6 (CI = 0.4-1.0) for men with proximaltumors; OR = 0.5 (CI = 0.3-0.9) for women with proximal tumors. Othernutrients, for which plant foods were the major contributor - such asvitamin B6, thiamin, and niacin (women only) - also were associatedinversely with colon cancer. Neither beta-carotene nor vitamin C wasprotective for colon cancer. Adjustment of plant foods for nutrients foundin plant foods or for supplement use did not appreciably alter the observedassociations between plant foods and colon cancer.     

Modulation of action potential duration by inhibition of the transient outward current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers

In sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers concentration-dependent inhibition of transient outward current (i_to) by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 3-1000 mol/l) was recorded with the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique, and correlated effects on action potential duration measured at — 70 mV (APD-70) were investigatigated.Half-maximal inhibition of i_to-amplitude occurred at 15 mol/l 4-AP. The drug exhibited no major effect on voltage-dependent control of inactivation but reduced the maximally available i_to-current. At different activation frequencies (0.05 Hz, 0.25 Hz, 1 Hz) an equal amount of i_to-current, measured as percentage of the respective control, was inhibited by 4-AP. The APD-70 was on the average increased by 4-AP (3–500 mol/l) in a concentration-dependont manner up to 151 % of control. The drug-induced prolongation, measured as percentage of the respective control, was independent of stimulation frequency (0.05 Hz, 0.25 Hz, 1 Hz). Prolongation of APD-70 was on the average more pronounced for short action potentials (APD-70<150 ms: 169 % of reference) than for longer ones (APD-70 150–300 ms: prolongation to 117 % of reference; 500 mol/l 4-AP; 0.25 Hz stimulation rate). Few long control signals (APD-70 >300 ms) were shortened by 4-AP. These results indicate that inhibition of i_to-current by appropriate drugs will result in a reduction of inhomogeneity of action potential duration.