An analytical method for quantitative estimation of the cytotoxicity of dental alloys

INTRODUCTION　　The two mostimportantcriteria fordental materialsare their bio-functionalandbio-compatible endurance within the anticipated life-span of the dental restoration inthe mouth.The bio-compatibility of amaterial relates mainly to theallergenici…     

Quantitative cell and matrix changes in human humeral head osteoarthritic cartilage

A new quantitative method was devised both to establish an objective standard for morphometric diagnosis and to determine the extent of degeneration in osteoarthritic cartilage. Eight normal and forty-eight osteoarthritic humeral heads, subsequently confirmed by light microscopy, were obtained at necropsy. The articular cartilage was observed in situ with a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and morphometric measurements determined cell density (cells/mm), cell volume fraction (%) and mean cell volume (microm3). The osteoarthritic cartilages were classified according to the following four characteristics: increase in thickness, increase in cell volume fraction, decrease in cell volume fraction, and fibrous pannus. Deviations in cell density and cell volume fraction from normal means were calculated as extent of degeneration. Our present approach aims to provide valuable clues, such as objective stereological information and a unique reference for biochemical and traditional morphological analyses, that clinicians will be able to use in combination with other methods in order to establish a reliable diagnosis.     

The Liposome as a Model Membrane in Correlations of Partitioning with α-Adrenoceptor Agonist Activities

The apparent partition coefficients of a group of imidazoline -adrenoceptor agonists in liposome/buffer systems (K_m) and in the n-octanol/buffer system (P) have been compared in quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) employing biological activities and receptor binding affinities. A parabolic relationship between log K _m and log P was found, and log K _m was greater than log P for all liposome compositions. In liposomes, log K _m decreased in the order, negatively charged > neutral > positively charged. Overall, hyper- and hypotensive activities of these drugs correlated better with log K _m than with log P; however, poor correlations were obtained between partition coefficients and in vitro binding affinities. Linear correlations of log K _m with hypotensive activities were obtained with negatively charged liposomes, whereas correlations with hypertensive activities were obtained using positively charged liposomes. Multiple regressions of biological activities with binding affinities showed positive correlations with hypotensive but not hypertensive activities with or without the inclusion of log K _m or log P. Thus, the liposome represents a more selective model membrane system than a bulk oil phase for predicting the biological activities of imidazoline -adrenoceptor agonists.     

高效液相色谱法测定天麻中L-焦谷氨酸的含量

应用ＨＰＬＣ法对没来源和加工方法不同的天麻Ｇａｓｔｒｏｄｉａ ｅｌａｔａ Ｂｌ,中Ｌ－焦谷氨酸成分进行了定量分析。结果显示Ｌ－焦谷氨酸在天麻中的含量因产地、栽培方法和加工方法的不同而有差异。野生比家种、鲜品比干品的Ｌ－焦谷氨酸含量高。     

骨折与无骨折史患者的定量超声检查比较

目的：用定量超声方法对有骨折史的骨质疏松症患者进行骨量检查,方法用CUBA Clinical型定量骨密度超声仪对393例被疑为骨质疏松的患者进行检测,并根据病史按有无骨折中进行分组。分析二组患者宽频超声衰减（BUA）、超声速率（VOS）、强度指数（SI）与骨折次数的关系。结果：伴有骨折史的骨质疏松症虱的BUA、VOS、SI值都要比无骨折史的患者明显降低（P＝0．000）。结论定量超声值与骨折的发生次数呈负相关,其测定值越低,骨折的发生次数越多;骨的质量下降是造成骨质疏松骨折的主要原因。     

A Phase 2 open label study of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for 12 weeks in subjects with hepatitis B virus infection

Retrospective data showed that when we administered ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) to patients with hepatitis B and C coinfection, there was a modest reduction in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Therefore, we hypothesize that similar HBsAg reduction can be seen in hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfected subjects. Primary and secondary efficacy endpoints are the decline in HBsAg and HBV DNA at Week 12 from baseline, respectively. We conducted an open-label Phase 2 pilot study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of LDV and/or SOF for HBV. Eligible subjects were either suppressed on antivirals (Group B) or inactive chronic HBV (Group A, C, D). Group A and B received LDV/SOF. Group C and D received SOF 400 mg and LDV 90 mg, respectively. All subjects completed the study, and all related adverse events (AEs) were mild. No discontinuations due to AEs or hepatitis flare occurred. At Week 12, HBsAg decline (log₁₀ IU/ml) was similar between Group A (0.399) and B (0.400), less in Group C (0.207), and none in Group D, and there was HBV DNA decline in the inactive chronic HBV groups. LDV and SOF are safe and well tolerated when given to chronic hepatitis B subjects and have modest antiviral activity, particularly when given in combination.     

麻醉犬心房内注射复方川芎汤后血清中川芎嗪药时曲线双峰与血流动力学效应的关系

目的　探讨中药大复方体内作用规律 ,为“证治药动学”6要素中“定性定量论”提供进一步的实验依据 .方法　分别从冠状动脉定量狭窄犬和对照犬的右心房内给予复方川芎水提液 (0 .6 g· kg- 1 ) .结果　在动脉血药时 (c- t)曲线上出现了川芎嗪 (TMP)的双峰现象 ;冠状动脉狭窄犬的 TMP第 2峰显著地高于对照犬 ;而这种增高的第 2峰又与 TMP的血流动力学效应相关 .结论　可能存在机体生理和病理状态对中药复方体内命运的特殊处置规律     

天麻丸中天麻的显微定量研究

目的 :制定天麻在天麻丸中的显微定量标准。方法 :用显微定量法 ,以天麻的木化厚壁细胞为显微特征物 ,对天麻丸中的天麻进行测定。结果 :天麻含量与每mg特征数呈显著的线性正相关。回归方程为 y =6 2 35x 1 80× 10 -3 (γ =0 9999,a =0 0 5 )。结论 :显微定量法测定天麻丸中天麻的含量是可行的 ,结果可靠。     

甲状腺乳头状癌核内包涵体及核的形态结构定量分析

目的:定量揭示甲状腺乳头状癌核内包涵体及核的几何形态结构特点,为甲状腺乳头状癌的病理诊断提供定量诊断参数。方法:取甲状腺乳头状癌100例,常规切片、HE染色,在40倍物镜下采集核内包涵体及核的图像,用Image-Pro Plus测试包涵体及核的面积、周长、长轴、短轴、形状因子PE（Form PE）、形状因子AR（Form AR）、规化形状因子（RFF）、轴比、核内包涵体的面积密度以及包涵体与核质的面积比。结果:（1）甲状腺乳头状癌核内包涵体的面积约为（13.575±9.045） μm2（95%CI 13.339~13.810）,其在核内的面积密度约为25.761%±10.683%（95%CI 25.483~26.039）;其周长约为（12.720±4.275） μm（95%CI 12.609~12.831）,长轴（4.547±1.466） μm（95%CI 4.509~4.585）,短轴（3.482±1.178） μm （95%CI 3.451~3.512）;其轴比约为0.772±0.121（95%CI 0.769~0.775）,Form PE、Form AR和RFF约等于1;其与核质的面积比约为0.380±0.237（95%CI 0.374~0.386）,其面积、周长、长轴和短轴的变异系数为66.6%、33.6%、32.2%、33.8%。（2）具有核内包涵体的癌细胞,其核的面积、周长、长轴和短轴及其相应变异系数显著大于没有核内包涵体的细胞核（P<0.05）。（3）核内包涵体、含有核内包涵体的核及没有核内包涵体的核,其面积、周长、长轴和短轴的频数分布均呈正偏态分布。结论:（1）甲状腺乳头状癌核内包涵体形状大致呈圆形;约为核面积的1/4,核周长、长轴和短轴的1/2;其面积、周长、长轴和短轴的变异程度均较大。（2）具有包涵体的癌细胞,其核的异型性明显,诊断阅片时应重点观察。（3）包涵体及核的上述尺寸参数的频数分布均呈正偏态分布。     

Informational needs of individuals from families harboring BRCA pathogenic variants: A systematic review and content analysis

PurposePersonalized information is paramount to patient-centered communication and decision-making regarding risk management in hereditary cancer syndromes. This systematic review identified information needs of individuals from families harboring BRCA pathogenic variants and compared findings based on gender (women vs men) and clinical characteristics (patients with cancer vs previvors and BRCA heterozygotes vs untested relatives).MethodsWe screened 8115 studies identified from databases and citation searching. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Narrative synthesis was conducted based on content analysis.ResultsFrom 18 selected studies including 1063 individuals, we identified 9 categories of information needs. Risk of bias in the selected studies was moderate. Men, untested relatives, and racial and ethnic minorities were underrepresented. Frequently required information was personalized cancer risk and risk-reducing strategies, including decision-making, family implications of hereditary cancers, psychological issues, and cascade testing. Subgroup analyses showed that information needs depended on gender, personal cancer history, and cascade testing in relatives.ConclusionWe identified comprehensive and detailed informational needs of individuals from families harboring BRCA pathogenic variants and gaps in international guidelines. Needs for personalized information varied based on gender, health, and genetic testing status. Findings of this study have implications for genetic counseling, tailoring educational materials, and personalizing interventions.