超声定量检查技术新进展

近年来，超声定量检查技术在临床的应用为心血管疾病患者的心功能评估提供了量化的依据，本文介绍了超声诊断仪的使用部分最新定量检查技术。     

显微定量法测定中成药中猪牙皂的含量

目的 :制定猪牙皂在脐风散与惊风散中的显微定量标准。方法 :用显微定量法 ,以猪牙皂特有的石细胞为显微特征物 ,对脐风散与惊风散中的猪牙皂进行测定。结果 :猪牙皂含量与每毫克特征数呈显著的线性正相关 ,回归方程为 y =61 .42 x -1 .1 0× 1 0 - 3(γ=1 .0 0 ,α=0 .0 5 )。结论 :显微定量法测定脐风散与惊风散中猪牙皂的含量是可行的 ,结果可靠     

Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging via selective inversion recovery with short repetition times.

Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging (qMTI) methods are able to estimate fundamental sample parameters, such as the relative size of the solid-like macromolecular proton pool and the spin exchange rate between this pool and the directly measured free water protons. One such method is selective inversion recovery (SIR), in which the free water protons are selectively inverted and the signal is fit to a biexponential function of the inversion time (TI). SIR uses only low-power pulses and requires no separate RF (B1) or static field (B0) field maps, and the analysis is largely independent of the macromolecular pool lineshape. These are all advantages over steady-state off-resonance saturation qMTI methods. However, up to now, SIR has been implemented only with repetition times TR>T1. This paper describes a modification of SIR with smaller TR values and a greater signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency.     

散发性脑炎频谱分析

目的探讨散发性脑炎患者的定量脑电图频谱分布特征及该技术临床应用的可能性。方法对４３例临床确诊的散发性脑炎和２０例健康对照组进行定量脑电图频谱分析。结果散发性脑炎组主频均数＜６Ｈｚ，与对照组比较，Ｐ＜０．０ｌ，散发性脑炎组σ、θ相对功率值均比对照组明显增高。结论定量脑电图主频分布及各频段相对功率值在诊断散发性脑炎中有一定的临床应用价值。     

Quantitative morphometry and apotosis of colorectal carcinoma

目的：探讨大肠疾病形态计量学和凋亡规律。方法：应用图像自动分析系统，检测了大肠疾病形态计量学参数和凋亡指数（AI）。结果：大肠腺癌AI明显高于大肠腺瘤和炎性增生组（P分别＜O．05和＜O．001）；细胞核面积、周长、凸状周长、等效直径、周长面积因子和核平均灰度六项参数，在腺癌组明显高于腺瘤和炎性增生，而灰度标准差明显低于其他两组，大肠腺癌AI与PM2／A相关系数为O．51（P＜0．05）。结论：形态计量学参数和凋亡指数在鉴别大肠疾病中具有一定参考价值。     

Quantification of regional blood volumes by rapid T1 mapping

A new method is presentd for the quantitative determination of regional blood volumes in vivo. It is based on rapid quantitative T₁ mapping by Snapshot FLASH MRI combined with the injection of an intravascular MR contrast agent. Regional blood volumes in four different tissues of the rat (skeletal muscle, heart, liver, kidney) were determined in an In vivo experiment.     

Functional restoration in chronic low back pain

Conventional treatments have not slowed down the ever expanding low back pain (LBP) problem. Traditional treatment has most probably contributed to the growth of the problem. Therefore, in a search for new solutions, 'functional restoration' has been devised. In connection with chronic LBP the term has been associated with a full-day program lasting from 3 to 5 weeks. it includes multidisciplinary treatment of patients in groups with intensive physical and ergonomic training, psychological pain management, back school, as well as teaching in social/work related issues. The key concepts are 'acceptance of the pain', 'activity', 'self-responsibility', 'multidisciplinary' and 'quantitative functional evaluation (QFE)'. The latter is aimed so that the participants can feel the physical improvement, encouraging them to be able to go back to work, or at least to lead a more active life style. Several controlled studies suggest a lasting effect in terms of regaining their ability to work and improving pain behavior for a good part of disabled chronic LBP patients. However, it is noteworthy that randomized studies seemingly show poorer results than studies not employing randomized controls.     

Repeated quantitative bone scintigraphy in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with orchiectomy

Bone scintigraphy was performed in 16 men with newly diagnosed prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy as well as 2 weeks and 2 months after operation. The uptake in the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae was registered up to 240 min after injection of ^99mTc-MDP and was then calculated for each patient and vertebra. The relative standard deviation in measured uptake due to measuring technique was estimated to be±7%. In eight patients, who had normal bone scintigraphies before orchiectomy, there were no changes in the uptake values after operation. The remaining eight patients had widespread metastatic involvement prior to treatment. Six of these patients showed a so called flare phenomenon in the abnormal vertebrae which means an initial increase in uptake after operation followed by a decreased uptake in response to therapy. One patient had a continuously increased uptake in all the abnormal vertebrae which correlated well with the clinical progression of the disease, while in another patient both reactions were seen. Thus, repeated quantitative bone scintigraphies using ^99mTc-MDP can be made in a reproducible way and can be a useful tool to follow a patient's response to treatment.     

Localization and Quantitative Autoradiography of Glutamatergic Ligand Binding Sites in Chick Brain

The anatomical localization of glutamate receptor subtype-selective ligand binding sites was investigated in 1-day-old chick brain using quantitative autoradiography. Under the conditions used, the regional distributions of [3H]glutamate, [3H]AMPA (a selective quisqualate receptor ligand) and [3H]kainate binding sites are manifestly different. [3H]l-glutamate binding is densely localized in the telencephalon, particularly in the neostriatum (2.8 pmol/mg protein). In addition, [3H]l-glutamate labels the thalamus, the nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis pars dorsalis, the superficial layers of the optic tectum and the molecular layer of the cerebellum. [3H]AMPA binding sites are most densely localized in the hippocampus (0.90 pmol/mg protein), with an otherwise relatively uniform distribution of binding within the telencephalon. [3H]AMPA also labels the striatum griseum et fibrosum superficiale of the optic tectum and the molecular layer of the cerebellum. [3H]Kainate binding sites are extremely densely packed in the molecular layer of the cerebellum (10 pmol/mg protein). Other regions of [3H]kainate binding include the hyperstriatum and the thalamus. The binding of the NMDA receptor channel blocker [3H]MK-801 is increased in the presence of 1 mM l-glutamate. [3H]MK-801 binding is generally widespread in the telencephalon but is notably absent from the ectostriatum. No evidence of [3H]MK-801 binding sites was detected in the cerebellum, even in the presence of 1 mM l-glutamate. The relatively high densities and the well-defined localizations of the glutamate receptor subtype binding sites suggest that chick brain provides a useful system for the further study of excitatory amino acid receptors.     

Predictors of early- and late-phase reactions to bronchial allergen challenge

The influence of inhaled steroids and predictive factors on the response to bronchial allergen challenge (BCA) was evaluated in. 80 asthmatics allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p). All underwent BCA with Der p and measurement of early (EAR) and late asthmatic reaction (LAR). The cumulative dose of allergen producing 20% fall in FEV₁, in the EAR (PD₂₀) was calculated. Bronchial histamine provocation, conjunctival provocation test (CPT), and skin prick test with Der p extract were performed. Specific IgE to Der p in serum (RAST), blood eosinophil (EOS) count, serum eosinophil cationic protein, and eosinophil protein X were measured. Thirty patients (38%) were treated with inhaled steroids. All patients had at least a 20% fall in FEV₁ in EAR. Some 42% of nonsteroid- and 33% of steroid-treated patients had LAR with fall in peak flow of at least 20%. For patients not treated with steroid, 35% of variation in PD₂₀ was explained by RAST and histamine reactivity, and 53% of variation of observed PD₂₀ could be predicted. The baseline FEV₁, EOS, and EAR explained 28% of variation in LAR, and 28% of variation in observed LAR could be predicted. For patients treated with steroids, 38% of variation in PD₂₀ was explained by EOS and histamine reactivity, and only 18% of variation of observed PD₂₀ could be predicted. For patients treated with steroids, it was impossible to predict LAR. We conclude that to achieve a quantitative estimation of allergen-specific EAR and LAR, BCA cannot be replaced by the tests used in this study. Treatment with inhaled steroids modifies the response to BCA, making quantitative prediction of EAR less accurate and prediction of the magnitude of LAR impossible.