髋关节保护器对老年人股骨颈骨折患者术后早期功能训练中跌倒恐惧的影响

目的:观察应用髋保护器对股骨颈骨折术后病人跌倒恐惧的影响及效果分析。方法:40例股骨颈骨折后内固定的患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组20例,对照组不佩戴髋保护器进行常规康复治疗,观察组则佩戴保护器进行同样程序的康复治疗,康复治疗8周。分别于康复前后对2组患者进行评定,跌倒恐惧采用简明国际跌倒效能感量表(FES-I)评分,日常生活能力采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分,焦虑情绪采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分。结果:2组患者康复后的跌倒恐惧指数、焦虑指数较康复前降低(P<0.05),观察组更低于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者康复后的MBI评分较康复前提高(P<0.05),观察组更高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:应用髋保护器可以有效降低老年人股骨颈骨折术后功能训练中产生的跌倒恐惧和焦虑情绪,从而提高患者的日常生活能力。     

基于解剖学研究的三级命名法在旋股外侧动脉主要分支命名中的应用探讨

目的 探讨三级命名法在旋股外侧动脉（LCFA）主要分支命名中应用的可行性及意义。方法 解剖37具69侧成人防腐下肢标本,观察LCFA的起源以及其主要分支数目、口径、长度、走行分布等情况。使用三级命名法对主要分支进行命名并分析主要分支间关系。结果 69侧LCFA起源于股深动脉64侧（92.8%）、股动脉5侧（7.2%）。按照三级法对69侧下肢标本的LCFA各主要分支进行命名：65侧（94.2%）出现斜向上走行的升支共65支,其起始处外径（1.17 ± 0.42） mm,自发出位置至入肌长度（3.21 ± 0.91） cm;65侧（94.2%）出现近乎水平走行的横支共65支,其起始处外径（1.00 ± 0.51） mm,自发出位置至入肌长度（2.9 ± 1.1） cm;66侧（95.7%）出现斜向下走行的斜支共78支,其中12侧（17.4%）为双斜支,其起始处外径（0.94 ± 0.48） mm,自发出位置至入肌长度（4.6 ± 2.4） cm;69侧（100.0%）出现近乎垂直走行的降支共72支,其中4侧（5.8%）为双降支,其起始处外径（1.40 ± 0.68） mm,自发出位置入肌长度（11.1 ± 4.6） cm。69侧中,采用一级命名法命名者44侧（63.8%）、二级命名17侧（24.6%）、三级命名8侧（11.6%）。结论 LCFA主要分支发出位置及形态学变化较大,首次采用三级法可以准确命名各主要分支,可行性高,对股前外侧皮瓣血供解剖研究有较高的参考价值。     

髓内钉与经皮锁定钢板对胫骨中下段骨折患者的应用效果对照研究

目的研究髓内钉与经皮锁定钢板手术应用于胫骨中下段骨折患者中的效果。方法回顾性分析滨州市中心医院2019年1月~2020年1月确诊的80例胫骨中下段骨折患者资料,按照手术方式的不同设组,对照组(n=40)接受经皮锁定钢板术治疗,研究组(n=40)接受髓内钉手术处理,比较两组围术期相关指标以及随访8个月的踝关节功能。结果两组手术时间与透视次数对比,无统计学意义(P>0.05);但研究组其余围术期指标(术中出血量、住院时间及骨性愈合时间)均优于对照组,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后8个月随访,研究组踝关节功能优良率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论髓内钉用于胫骨中下段骨折患者的处理,对踝关节功能的恢复效果与经皮锁定钢板基本相当,并可减少术中出血,加快术后恢复以及骨性愈合,相对适用于局部软组织条件较差的患者。     

袁尚锋从肾虚血瘀证论治成人股骨头缺血性坏死经验总结

〔摘 要〕　袁尚锋主任医师是全国第六批老中医药专家师承指导老师、湖湘张氏正骨株洲流派传承代表,其在治疗成人 股骨头缺血性坏死方面有较深的造诣。笔者梳理了袁尚锋主任医师对成人股骨头缺血性坏死的病因病机、治则治法等方面 的理解及认识,并通过分析典型病案总结了其从肾虚血瘀证论治成人股骨头缺血性坏死的临床经验。     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折疗效评价

目的 评价小切口复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的临床效果.方法 对24例股骨远端骨折采用小切口复位逆行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗的病例进行回顾性分析.按股骨远端骨折AO/ASIF分类,A型16例,C型8例.结果 本组病例随访时间6～24个月(平均17.4个月),平均愈合时间为4.6个月,无术后感染,1例远端锁钉断裂,经制动后骨折愈合.按Neer等膝关节评分标准进行评价,优15例,良6例,优良率87.5%.结论 小切口复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折,手术操作简单,固定可靠,对软组织破坏少,骨折愈合率明显提高,用于治疗股骨远端复杂骨折手术效果好.     

Revascularization of the superficial femoral artery with paclitaxel-coated balloon for claudication

Background: Percutaneous angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) with paclitaxel-coated balloon, intended to reduce restenosis, has been proven safe and effective in recent randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To assess outcome results of angioplasty of the SFA with paclitaxel-coated balloon in claudicants in real-world practice of a single center.

Material &; Methods: A continuous prospective cohort study of 53 claudicants (62 lower limbs) from January 2015 to December 2016. Study end points include primary patency, freedom from clinically driven target-lesion revascularization and symptom relief.

Results: It concerns 17 women (32%) and 36 men (68%) with a mean age of 67.8 years, suffering life-style-limiting claudication. Only short to intermediate-length stenoses or occlusions (30.6%), with a mean length of 59.6?mm were selected for percutaneous angioplasty with a paclitaxel-coated balloon. Technical success was 100%. At 16 months, primary patency attained 92.0% (3 early occlusions, 2 restenoses). There were two re-interventions at 6 and 9 months, resulting in a clinically driven target lesion revascularization rate of 3.2%. At the end of the follow-up of 16 months, all but two patients (96.2%) remained symptom-free. Two patients died during follow-up (no procedure-related deaths).

Conclusion: Paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty of the SFA gives in routine clinical practice excellent midterm results, with a restenosis rate of 6.5% at 1 year. This procedure has authors’ preference as first-choice technique for correction of short- and intermediate-length symptomatic stenoses of the SFA.     

The effect of equicaloric medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides on pancreas enzyme secretion

It has been shown previously that medium chain triglycerides (MCT) do not affect gallbladder emptying and cholecystokinin (CCK) release. The effect of MCT on exocrine pancreas secretion in humans is unknown. We have compared the effect of enteral administration of MCT versus long chain triglycerides (LCT) on exocrine pancreatic secretion. Eight healthy subjects (three female, five male; mean age 22 +/- 1.9 years) participated in two experiments, performed in random order. Duodenal contents, obtained by aspiration, were used to calculated the output of pancreatic enzymes and bilirubin. An equicaloric amount of either MCT or LCT (2 kcal min-1) oil was continuously administered in the proximal jejunum for 2 h. Gallbladder volume was measured by ultrasonography and blood samples were drawn for determination of CCK. The experiments consisted of 1 h basal secretion, 2 h of continuous oil administration and 1 h poststimulation. During the LCT feeding the pancreatic enzyme secretion, bilirubin output, gallbladder emptying and CCK release increased significantly (P < 0.05) over basal levels. MCT had no effect on pancreatic enzyme secretion nor gallbladder emptying or CCK release. We conclude that enteral administration of MCT in the proximal jejunum does not stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion nor gallbladder contraction or CCK release, in contrast to an equicaloric amount of LCT.     

一次性真空采血针在婴幼儿颈静脉采血中的应用

[目的]探讨婴幼儿采血的新途径。[方法]将200例婴幼儿注射器股静脉采血(常规组)与200例婴幼儿一次性真空采血针颈静脉采血(改进组)的效果进行比较。[结果]改进组一次穿刺成功率、血液标本质量及采血时间等均优于常规组。[结论]采用一次性真空采血针进行颈静脉采血的方法简单、方便、快捷、易掌握。     

轴向控制动力性锁钉的研制及其在胫骨骨折的应用

目的:设计、研制和应用轴向控制动力性锁钉。方法:应用轴向控制动力性锁钉治疗胫骨骨折138例,随访3个月以上117例。结果:骨折愈合时间12~26周,平均22周,无锁钉断裂和髓内钉断裂,并发症主要有术后感染3例,骨折不愈合2例,延迟愈合3例,进针点疼痛7例,轻度畸形9例,按Johner and Wrubs疗效标准进行评价,优良率95.8%,一般4.2%,差为0。结论:轴向控制动力性锁钉用于治疗胫骨骨折具有操作简单,并发症少,骨折愈合快的特点,是胫骨骨折可供选择的内固定方法。