母系遗传耳聋大家系的线粒体基因组全序列分析

目的 在江苏淮阴一母系遗传非综合征型耳聋大家系中，寻找线粒体基因组上可能影响1555（A→G）突变表型的其他位点突变。方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism，PCR-RFLP）和测序技术。检测了核心分支家系中27名母系成员的线粒体DNA上1555位点和7445位点的碱基变化，进而对该家系2名母系成员的线粒体全基因组和其他25名母系成员线粒体12S rRNA基因MTRNR1和tRNA-Ser^（UCN）基因MTTS1进行了全长测序。结果 再次证明了1555（A→G）突变是该家系成员致聋的分子生物学基础之一；并发现该家系27名母系成员的线粒体基因组中除1555（A→G）突变外，还同时存在有955-960（insC）同质型突变，两突变共分离。另外，新发现一个线粒体DNA突变——7449（insG），但该突变仅在2名母系成员中存在。结论 推测955-960（insC）突变可能通过改变12S rRNA基因的高级结构，并与1555（A→G）突变协同作用，提高了突变携带者对氨基糖甙类药物的敏感性；同时该突变可能也会导致线粒体蛋白质的合成缺陷。从而提高1555（A→G）突变致聋的外显率。     

Novel Brugada syndrome‐causing mutation in ion‐conducting pore of cardiac Na+ channel does not affect ion selectivity properties

Aim: Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac disease with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Thus far Brugada syndrome has been linked only to mutations in SCN5A, the gene encoding the α‐subunit of cardiac Na⁺ channel. In this study, a novel SCN5A gene mutation (D1714G) is reported, which has been found in a 57‐year‐old male patient. Since the mutation is located in a segment of the ion‐conducting pore of the cardiac Na⁺ channel, which putatively determines ion selectivity, it may affect ion selectivity properties. Methods: HEK‐293 cells were transfected with wild‐type (WT) or D1714G α‐subunit and β‐subunit cDNA. Whole‐cell configuration of the patch‐clamp technique was used to study biophysical properties at room temperature (21 °C) and physiological temperature (36 °C). This study represents the first measurements of human Na⁺ channel kinetics at 36 °C. Ion selectivity, current density, and gating properties of WT and D1714G channel were studied. Results: D1714G channel yielded nearly 80% reduction of Na⁺ current density at 21 and 36 °C. At both temperatures, no significant changes were observed in V_1/2 values and slope factors for voltage‐dependent activation and inactivation. At 36 °C, but not at 21 °C, D1714G channel exhibited more slow inactivation compared with WT channel. Ion selectivity properties were not affected by the mutation at both temperatures, as assessed by either current or permeability ratio. Conclusion: This study shows no changes in ion selectivity properties of D1714G channel. However, the profoundly decreased current density associated with the D1714G mutation may explain the Brugada syndrome phenotype in our patient.     

气味对小鼠学习记忆能力及海马cAMP反应元件结合蛋白的影响

目的:探讨不同气味(苹果、香水、樟脑)对小鼠学习记忆能力及海马cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)和磷酸化的CREB(pCREB)的影响。方法:让小鼠在不同气味的环境下生活14d,在第7d开始方形水迷宫训练,3d后进行测试,连续测试5d。测试完后断髓处死动物,取出脑组织,用免疫组织化学染色观察海马pCREB和CREB表达情况,并进行图像分析。结果:樟脑组和香水组水迷宫的潜伏期较对照组延长,错误次数增多(P＜0.05)。免疫组化染色显示鼠海马CREB的磷酸化水平大大降低(P＜0.05),但对CREB的表达无明显影响。苹果组与对照组比各指标均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论:樟脑气味和香水气味对小鼠记忆能力有负面作用,且这种作用可能是通过降低CREB磷酸化水平而实现的。苹果气味对小鼠记忆能力无明显影响。     

流感病毒RNA聚合酶蛋白PB1在小鼠中可诱导亚型间交叉免疫保护

目的探索流感病毒RNA聚合酶PB2和PB1亚基作为实验性流感疫苗候选抗原的可能性.方法以复制型质粒（pSCA）为载体分别构建表达甲1型和甲3型流感PB2和PB1的复制型DNA疫苗,免疫小鼠后分别用甲1型流感病毒（A/PR/8/34）进行鼻腔攻击,观察针对不同亚型流感病毒的复制型DNA疫苗的免疫保护效果.结果本实验所构建的复制型DNA疫苗在真核细胞中均可表达外源基因;本实验采用的复制型质粒载体（pSCA）与传统质粒载体（pcDNA3）在诱导小鼠产生抗体方面无差异,并且都诱导了偏向TH1类的免疫反应;表达甲1型和甲3型流感PB1基因的复制型DNA疫苗均可保护小鼠抵御甲1型流感病毒（A/PR/8/34）的攻击.结论表达甲型流感病毒PB1的复制型DNA疫苗能保护小鼠抵御同型和异型流感病毒的攻击,本实验为流感疫苗研究提供新的候选抗原.     

B族链球菌C5a肽酶蛋白表位的克隆、表达和免疫学分析

目的应用生物信息学方法预测B族链球菌C5a肽酶蛋白表位，结合基因工程手段进行表位重组、表达和免疫原性分析。方法用预测程序ProPred和ANTIGENIC预测B族链球菌C5a肽酶蛋白的表位，应用PCR技术扩增出编码该表位基因片段，克隆PCR产物构建重组质粒，测序验证。在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达融合蛋白。表达的蛋白经质谱分析和Western blot鉴定。纯化该融合蛋白并免疫C57／BL小鼠，萃取GBS表面蛋白，双向琼脂扩散试验检测抗体水平。结果在SCPB中预测到1个既具有MHC结合肽特性又具有B细胞表位特征的肽段。重组和表达了这一肽段，质谱得出与SCPB蛋白的相似性分数为79，Western-blot证实能与抗SCPB的抗体反应，纯化后融合蛋白纯度〉90％。动物实验证实融合蛋白能产生特异性的抗GBS抗体。结论重组表位具有一定免疫原性。为相关蛋白的毒力机制研究和亚单位疫苗等方面的研究打下了良好的基础。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床与骨髓细胞遗传学分析

目的研究非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin lymphoma，NHL）的细胞遗传学、血液病理学、血液形态学、临床肿瘤指标与预后的相互关系。方法应用骨髓直接法和24h短期培养法制备染色体标本，用R显带技术，对20例NHL患者进行核型分析。所有患者均进行血清P53蛋白检测。结果20例NHL中出现骨髓浸润8例。20例NHL中，发现有异常核型9例，发生率45％（9／20）。异常类型包括：染色体数目异常3例，t（14，18）（q32；q21）1例，14q＋1例，t（8；14）（q24；q32）2例，t（8；14）（q24；q32）伴其他异常2例。伴异常核型的患者其血清P53蛋白含量显著高于正常核型者。结论t（8；14）（q24；q32）是NHL中涉及较多的染色体核型异常，伴此种核型异常的NHL患者预后不良，同时发现正常核型缺乏对预后也有不良影响。突变型P53值的增高和染色体核型异常有一定的相关性，也是预后不良的因素。     

Severe Neutropenia in Japanese Patients with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is clinically characterized by recurrent bacterial infections during early infancy. Although it is not a phagocytic disorder, XLA is sometimes associated with neutropenia. We conducted a nation-wide survey to determine the frequency of neutropenia among Japanese XLA patients. Responses were received from 87 (86%) of 101 patients in which BTK mutations were previously identified, and of these, 16 (18%) had neutropenia. All episodes of neutropenia occurred before initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy. Two XLA patients died of multiple organ failure caused by severe neutropenia and Pseudomonas sepsis before initiation of IVIG replacement therapy. These results suggest that, in some cases, severe bacterial infections in XLA patients might be caused not only by antibody deficiencies but also by neutropenia.