Telencephalic projections to the goldfish hypothalamus: An anterograde degeneration study

In this study, large areas of goldfish telencephalon were ablated including rostral nucleus preopticus periventriculare (rNPP), and degenerating axons were traced by a modified Fink and Heimer procedure. The lesioning procedure ablated large regions of area dorsalis telencephali pars medialis, centralis, and dorsolateral complex; and completely removed area ventralis telencephali pars dorsalis, ventralis, and lateralis. In addition, the supracommissural nucleus and rNPP were lesioned specifically because both nuclei have been thought to be involved in courtship behavior and endocrine control of reproduction. This investigation demonstrated extensive fiber projections from telencephalic nuclei and/or rNPP to the hypothalamus. Lesioned telencephalon and/or rNPP projected bilaterally to nucleus preopticus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus and unilaterally to the following tuberal nuclei: nucleus anterior tuberis, and the lateral hypothalamic nucleus. A much larger fiber projection to the inferior lobe nuclei was also observed with a large contralateral as well as ipsilateral input.     

Children With Chronic Physical Disorders: Maternal Reports of Their Psychological Adjustment

Advances in biomedical science have resulted in dramatic improvementsin the medical care of chronically ill and handicapped children.Past measurement problems have resulted in a lack of clarityregarding the psychological adjustment of these children. Themothers of 270 chronically ill and handicapped children wereadministered the Child Behavior Checklist in an attempt to identifypatterns of behavioral functioning across six pediatric chronicdisorders: juvenile diabetes, spina bifida, hemophilia, chronicobesity, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and cerebral palsy.In general, it was found that children in all chronic disordergroups were perceived by their mothers as evidencing on theaverage more behavioral and social competence problems thanexpected based on norms for children in general. However, theirbehavioral and social adjustment was reported as better thanthat of a normative sample of children referred to mental healthclinics. There were essentially no differences between childrenwith different chronic disorders in terms of behavior problemsand social competence. The results were taken to support theview that these children were as a group at risk for adjustmentproblems. They were also discussed in terms of the noncategorialapproach, which suggests that similar psychosocial challengesare faced across pediatric chronic physical disorders.     

Assessment of Aortic Coarctation and Collateral Circulation By Biplane Transesophageal Echocardiography

Our experience in using biplane transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of coarctation of the aorta is described.     

兔血清锌浓度及其降低血压作用的药动学－药效学分析

采用药动学－药效学结合模型，分析了锌在兔体内的处置和降低动脉血压的作用。ｉｖＺｎＳＯ１（Ｚｎ２＋，１ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）后的血清Ｚｎ２＋浓度与时间曲线符合开放型二房室模型。药效－时间曲线符合Ｅｍａｘ模型。降低平均动脉压的作用滞后于血Ｚｎ２＋浓度的变化。其药效学参数为Ｋｅｏ＝０．１６１ｈ－１，Ｔ（ｋｅｏ）＝４．３０１　ｈ，Ｅｍａｘ＝１．６３７ｋＰａ，Ｃｅ（５０）＝９７．４０７μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。结果表明Ｚｎ２＋的作用部位可能在效应室。     

CO2激光治疗肛肠科疾病300例的报告

本文对３００例肛肠疾病采用ＣＯ_２激光治疗，治愈率为９４．３３％，一次切割完成，不需止血缝合，一般７－１５天痊愈，疗效明显优于其它治疗方法。     

Human sympathetic nerve activity to glabrous skin does not increase during simulated diving

In humans, cardiovascular adjustment to simulated diving causes a marked increase in sympathetic outflow to intramuscular vessels and muscle vasoconstriction. Skin vasoconstriction in the hand also occurs during diving in humans. Skin nerve sympathetic activity (SSA), containing vasoconstrictor signals to glabrous skin, unexpectedly was reduced during diving in a previous study of SSA recorded in the peroneal nerve. SSA was recorded by microneurography in the median nerve in 13 healthy volunteers during simulated diving. Skin blood flow in the hand and one finger was monitored. The typical SSA response, irrespective of duration of diving and water temperature, was an increase during the control period immediately prior to immersion of the face and a sudden reduction of SSA when the face was immersed. The increase in SSA preceding the dive was accompanied by vasoconstriction, which continued during the dive, but re-dilation regularly occurred before the end of the dive. Inhibition of SSA was not total. Mental arithmetic during diving evoked strong bursts of SSA, similar to those seen normally during mental stress. It is concluded that the true response of SSA to simulated diving is an inhibition of the immediately preceding outflow, in agreement with observations of cutaneous blood flow in animals. The skin vasoconstriction recorded during simulated diving is a consequence of an SSA increase before the procedure, suggested to be a stress response before the forthcoming manoeuvre. The SSA response during simulated diving is the opposite to that of sympathetic outflow to muscle, which emphasizes the diversity of sympathetic regulation of different organ systems.     

Axial tissue diffusion can account for the disparity between current models of hepatic elimination for lipophilic drugs

An assumption of previous models of hepatic elimination is that there is negligible axial diffusion in the liver. We show, by construction of a stochastic model and analysis of published data, that compounds which are readily diffusible and partitioned into hepatocytes may undergo axial tissue diffusion. The compounds most likely to be affected by axial tissue diffusion are the lipophilic drugs for which the cell membranes provide little resistance and which are highly extracted, thereby creating steep concentration gradients along the sinusoid at steady state. This phenomenon greatly modifies the availability of the compound under conditions of altered hepatic blood flow and protein binding. For moderately diffusible compounds, these relationships are similar to those predicted by the simplistic venous-equilibrium model. Hence, the paradoxical ability of the venous-equilibrium model to describe the steady-state kinetics of lipophilic drugs such as lidocaine, meperidine, and propranolol may be finally resolved. The effects of axial tissue diffusion and vascular dispersion on hepatic availability of drugs are compared. Vascular dispersion is of major importance to the availability of poorly diffusible compounds, whereas axial tissue diffusion becomes increasingly dominant for highly diffusive and partitioned substances.This study was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.     

261例恶性肿瘤患者血液流变学的检测结果

检测261例恶性肿瘤(肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、原发性肝癌、恶性淋巴瘤、食管癌及结直肠癌等)患者的血液流变学水平,并与健康人作了比较。检测结果表明,恶性肿瘤患者的血浆粘度,全血低切粘度及血沉均有明显升高(P<0.05和0.01);而血细胞压积(除乳腺癌外)均低于健康人(P<0.01)。纤维蛋白原水平除恶性淋巴瘤及肠癌外均有明显增高(P<0.05和0.01)。肿瘤复发转移患者仅血浆粘度高于无复发转移者(P<0.01)。作者还对原发性肝癌和肝硬化病人、胃癌和慢性胃炎病人的血液流变学各项指标做了比较分析,结果发现某些指标有明显差异,以血浆粘度变化尤为明显。因此认为血浆粘度对良、恶性的肝、胃疾患可能有一定的鉴别诊断意义。     

烧伤家兔血液流变学变化与血气分析的观察

在家兔左腿背侧部与腹部以100℃电烙铁造成10％面积2度烧伤,腹部烧伤占1/2。烧伤后血压持续下降。血浆比粘度在2h内持续增加,全血比粘度在1h内呈现增高,2h后为下降。pH与paCO_2烧伤后下降。PaO_2先下降后升高,这升高现象不同于临床所见。BE_5 1h后负值增大。实验动物在烧伤后3～4h死亡。