3'-Terminal RNA secondary structures are important for accumulation of tomato bushy stunt virus DI RNAs

The plus-strand RNA genome of tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) contains a 351-nucleotide (nt)-long 3'-untranslated region. We investigated the role of the 3'-proximal 130 nt of this sequence in viral RNA accumulation within the context of a TBSV defective interfering (DI) RNA. Sequence comparisons between different tombusviruses revealed that the 3' portion of the 130-nt sequence is highly conserved and deletion analysis confirmed that this segment is required for accumulation of DI RNAs in protoplasts. Computer-aided sequence analysis and in vitro solution structure probing indicated that the conserved sequence consists of three stem-loop (SL) structures (5'-SL3-SL2-SL1-3'). The existence of SLs 1 and 3 was also supported by comparative secondary structure analysis of sequenced tombusvirus genomes. Formation of the stem regions in all three SLs was found to be very important, and modification of the terminal loop sequences of SL1 and SL2, but not SL3, decreased DI RNA accumulation in vivo. For SL3, alterations to an internal loop resulted in significantly reduced DI RNA levels. Collectively, these data indicate that all three SLs are functionally relevant and contribute substantially to DI RNA accumulation. In addition, secondary structure analysis of other tombusvirus replicons and related virus genera revealed that a TBSV satellite RNA and members of the closely related genus Aureusvirus (family Tombusviridae) share fundamental elements of this general structural arrangement. Thus, this secondary structure model appears to extend beyond tombusvirus genomes. These conserved 3'-terminal RNA elements likely function in vivo by promoting and/or regulating minus-strand synthesis.     

Biolistic nuclear transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi

Summary The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been engineered to synthesize and secrete desulfato-hirudin (hirudin), a thrombin inhibitor from the leech Hirudo medicinalis. The synthetic gene coding for hirudin was expressed constitutively under the control of four size-variants of the yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (GAP) and cloned into a 2 based multicopy yeast vector. The constitutive action of the four promoter variants was confirmed by demonstrating that the expression and secretion of hirudin is growth-related. The different efficiencies of the promoter variants not only affected hirudin expression but also led to changes in several cellular parameters, such as cell growth, average plasmid copy number and plasmid stability. The observed changes show that yeast cells establish a specific equilibrium for each promoter variant. We conclude, that the adjustment of cellular parameters in response to the expression levels of a heterologous protein is regulated by two counteracting selective forces: (1) the need for complementation of the auxotrophic host marker by the plasmid-encoded selection gene which, in the case of dLEU2, requires several plasmid copies; and (2) a selective advantage of cells with a lower copy number enabling them to escape the burden of heterologous protein production.     

小鼠生精细胞特异表达载体AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag的构建及表达验证

目的构建含有生精细胞特异启动子Dazl的真核报告基因表达载体AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag,研究生精细胞特异启动子Dazl在生精细胞中的启动效果。方法通过同源重组的方法对腺相关病毒载体AAV-CMV-RFP-Flag进行改造,构建小鼠生精细胞特异表达载体AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag。在体外,转染GC1-spg野生型细胞和HEK-293T细胞,通过免疫荧光、q-PCR、Western blot验证AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag在体外的表达特异性。在体内,将AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag进行腺相关病毒(AAV)包装,通过显微注射技术将AAV注射到小鼠睾丸内,通过q-PCR检测AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag在体内的表达特异性。结果成功构建了AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag表达载体,并在体内、外水平验证了AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag的表达。结论小鼠生精细胞特异表达载体AAV-Dazl-RFP-Flag可以在生精细胞中特异性表达,为雄性生殖不育的基因治疗提供更高效的载体工具。     

杂合启动子控制下乙肝病毒表面抗原SA—28融合基因在酵母中？…

在杂合启动子ＡＤＨ２－ＧＡＰＤＨ控制下于酿酒酵母中表达乙肝病毒表面抗原ＳＡ－２８融合基因的过程研究中,确定系统表达的有效阻遏条件为在１０．０ｇ／Ｌ的葡萄糖浓度下进行细胞的预培养,采用稀释操作和碳源饥饿培养等较彻底的支阻遏方式以克服葡萄糖酵解产物阻遏对表达的影响。实验还显示了溶解氧浓度对表达的影响和乙醇流加方式对表达期酵母生长与表达的调节作用。实验获得主培养４５ｈ后湿菌体浓度为１８６ｇ／Ｌ,细胞内ｐ     

渗透促进剂对栀子流浸膏透皮释放的影响

目的研究渗透促进剂对栀子流浸膏透皮释放的影响。方法采用紫外分光光度法,以栀子甙为指标进行栀子流浸膏的体外透皮释放量的测定。结果以累积透皮药量对时间作线性回归,得回归方程,并对各项下所得K值作方差分析,不同促进剂对栀子甙的透过率影响有显著性差异。结论2％月桂醇硫酸钠渗透促进作用最强,2％氮酮作用较弱,而2％的吐温80无促渗作用。     

肝癌细胞核蛋白对白蛋白增强子／启动子序列的体外转录调控作用

目的：研究肝癌细胞核蛋白调控白蛋白＂持家基因＂转录调控序列对目的基因转录的作用。方法：分别从小鼠肝癌细胞、肝细胞和黑色素瘤细胞中提取核蛋白组分,用于体外启动白蛋白增强子／启动子的转录作用。结果：发现某些肝癌细胞和肝细胞核蛋白组分具有明显的转录作用,而细胞浆蛋白和其他肿瘤核蛋白组分没有转录作用,将同一肝癌细胞某些核蛋白组分合并可使转录活性增强。结论：本研究在基因转录调控水平部分解释了应用白蛋白增强子／启动子调控目的基因于肝癌细胞中特异表达的机理。