颅脑创伤急性期双侧硬膜外血肿的诊断及治疗

目的观察急性外伤性双侧硬膜外血肿的临床、影像特点，以探讨其形成机制．并分析其临床诊断及治疗要点。方法对我院治疗的14例（男性11例，女性3例）急性外伤性双侧硬膜外血肿患者的临床、影像资料及预后进行回顾性分析。结果本研究中急性双侧硬膜外血肿常见的有3种情况：中线部位跨矢状窦血肿（5例），双侧对冲部位血肿（6例）以及一侧硬膜外血肿术后对侧迟发血肿（3例），均于伤后48h内诊断。患者入院时GCS13～15分8例，9～12分1例．≤8分5例。手术治疗9例，其中一次手术7例，二次手术2例；保守治疗5例。除2例死亡．1例植物生存外，余病人恢复良好。结论头颅平片对预测急性双侧硬膜外血肿有重要意义，动态CT扫描是及时发现血肿并观察其变化的重要手段：双侧硬膜外血肿早期发现并及时手术者大多预后良好．     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞与单纯全麻的比较

比较全麻复合硬膜外阻滞和单纯全麻在围术期对机体应激、炎性、免疫等方面的影响。使用全麻加硬膜外麻醉能有效地抑制手术引起的应激反应，稳定循环状态，减少并发症，使病人在术中更为安全平稳，麻醉效果更为可靠，术毕清醒快，术后镇痛有利于术后病人咳嗽咯痰，并且能减轻围手术期对T细胞亚群的影响。     

角蛋白人工腱膜预防全椎板切除术后硬脊膜黏连

[目的]探讨角蛋白（keratinsubstance，KS）人工腱膜材料用于预防全椎板切除术后硬脊膜黏连的效果。[方法]Wistar大白鼠60只，随机分3组，每组20只，咬除T。：全椎板，造成2rnrnX8rnlffl大小的椎板缺损，加入不同处理因素，A组：空白对照组；B组：人工腱膜组；C组：白体腱膜组。术后2、4、8，12周处死动物，各时间点大体观察采用Rydell瘢痕黏连程度评级标准评分。完整取出T。：节段，包括椎旁肌。经HE染色后，镜下组织学观察采用改良Nussbaum标准行评分。同时切取2，4、8、12周人工腱膜组硬膜外瘢痕组织进行透射电镜观察。所测数据行Kruskal—Wallis秩和检验，取a〈0．05作为统计显著差异的标准。[结果]KS人工腱膜材料无毒性和排异反应：A组的Rydell评分，改良Nussbaum评分高于B、C组（P〈0．05），B组C组比较无差别（P〉0．05）。B、C组与对照组比较，均能够明显减少椎板切除术后的硬膜外瘢痕形成。[结论]硬膜外瘢痕黏连主要来自硬膜后方的血肿和成纤维细胞（fibroblast，FB）的增殖。KS人工腱膜具有良好的组织相容性，无局部及全身的不良反应，具有良好物理屏障作用。将l（S人工腱膜放置在椎板缺损处，能够有效的防止纤维组织侵入椎管，预防硬膜外瘢痕黏连。在动物实验中，KS人工腱膜能够安全有效的预防椎板切除术后硬膜外瘢痕黏连。     

Clinical Recurrences After Successful Accessory Pathway Ablation:

Dormant Accessory Pathways. Introduction : Recurrence of clinical symptoms after radiofrequency catheter ablation of an accessory atrioventricular pathway (AP) may be due to the late manifestation of an additional AP that was not detected during the initial ablation session. It was the purpose of this study to elucidate the phenomenon of these "dormant" APs.
Methods and Results : Of 1280 consecutive patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of an AP, 54 patients (4.2 %) developed clinical symptoms postablation, necessitating a repeat ablation session. Recurrence of conduction over the AP targeted al the initial ablation session was found in 45 patients, whereas in the other 9 patients (0.7%) the manifestation of a previously unnoticed AP had caused symptom recurrence. Retrospective analysis of the data from these patients' ablation sessions revealed that the late manifesting AP was ablated at a site clearly different from that of the initially targeted AP, and that the manifestation of conduction over a previously "dormant" AP occurred significantly later than the recovery of a presumably ablated AP. Seven (78%) of the 9 "dormant" APs were concealed, and none exhibited decremental conduction properties.
Conclusion : The incidence of clinical recurrences mediated by the late manifestation of conduction over a previously "dormant" AP is low. The lack of an anatomic vicinity of these predominantly concealed APs with the initially targeted AP and the lack of evidence for their presence during the initial ablation session suggest intermittent conduction as the most likely explanation for their late manifestation.     

Involvement of programmed cell death in preimplantation embryo demise

Fragmentation is frequently observed in animal and human embryosobtained via in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and is known to beassociated with decreased pregnancy rates and poor survivalfollowing cryopreservation. We postulate that embryo fragmentationis a consequence of activated programmed cell death (PCD) andsubsequent apoptosis and discuss evidence of morphological,histological and biochemical features compatible with the occurrenceof PCD in preimplantation embryos. If PCD is an underlying causeof the high incidence of the fragmentation seen in human pre-embryos,it remains to be determined whether this is reflective of thenatural incidence of lethal chromo somes in the human populationor due to the IVF procedure and culture conditions.     

电针改善硬膜外吗啡用于术后镇痛所引起的免疫抑制

为观察硬膜外吗啡和电针对术后患者免疫功能的影响，检测自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫｃｅｌｌ）活性和ＰＨＡ诱导白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）水平在单纯胆囊切除术患者术前和术后第１、３、７天的动态变化情况。结果吗啡组ＮＫ活性在术后第１、３、７天抑制，手术组仅在术后第１、３天出现抑制，而抑制率低于同天的吗啡组，电针可拮抗吗啡引起的ＮＫ活性抑制加深状况。在术后第１天，手术组和吗啡组ＩＬ－２水平均下降，吗啡＋电针组无明显变化，术后第７天吗啡＋电针组ＩＬ－２升高接近正常人水平。表明电针能改善硬膜外吗啡引起的免疫抑制，促进术后机体的恢复。硬膜外吗啡结合电针是值得推荐的术后镇痛方法。     

Comparison of Simulated and in-Vivo Plasma Levels of Cilastatin Following Intravenous in-Line Drug Administration

The primary objective of this work was to establish a method to simulate the plasma levels of cilastatin, a model drug, following an intravenous in-line delivery scheme. In-vivo data in dogs obtained from this work were used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach. The in-line drug delivery system consists of a drug containing device which is placed between a large volume parenteral and a patient. Numerous advantages have been identified for this automatic in-line reconstitution delivery system. The numerical convolution integral algorithm was used in this work to perform plasma profile simulation. The results indicated that the simulated cilastatin plasma profile following in-line delivery closely agreed with the in-vivo data.     

The effectiveness of intermittent isotretinoin treatment in mild or moderate acne

BACKGROUND: Isotretinoin is the only drug that affects almost all factors in acne pathogenesis. Recently, its use for the treatment of chronic mild or moderate acne unresponsive to long-term antibiotic therapy, and with a tendency to cause scarring and leading to negative psychological effects, has became popular. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of intermittent isotretinoin treatment in mild or moderate acne. METHODS: Sixty patients with mild or moderate acne localized to the face were enrolled in the study. The treatment regimen consisted of isotretinoin, 0.5-0.75 mg/kg per day, applied for 1 week every 4 weeks for a total period of 6 months, according to the degree of acne and number of inflammatory lesions. RESULTS: Forty-one (68.3%) of the 60 patients completed the 6-month therapy. At the end of the treatment complete improvement was observed in 34 patients (82.9%) out of 41. All adverse effects were mild and discontinuation of the treatment was not necessary. CONCLUSION: Intermittent isotretinoin treatment was found to be a safe and effective choice for patients with mild or moderate acne.