可视化技术及其在抗击SARS中的应用

本文主要介绍了可视化技术,其中重点阐述了科学计算可视化、信息可视化和地学可视化,最后总结了可视化技术在这次抗击非典型肺炎中所起到的重要作用.     

Possible role of IL-2 deficiency for hypogammaglobulinaemia in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients are unable to produce specific immunoglobulins after antigen contact in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate whether in some cases of CVID a decreased de novo synthesis of IL-2 might be the cause of immunodeficiency and whether this deficiency can be corrected by IL-2 supplementation in vitro. Mononuclear cells from 17 CVID patients and from 10 healthy controls were cultured with monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody OKT3, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or tetanus toxoid (TT) to stimulate IL-2 synthesis. In parallel, in vitro IgG and IgM synthesis was stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC), PWM or TT in the presence or absence of IL-2. While lymphocytes of 11 out of 17 patients produced low to normal amounts of IL-2 upon stimulation with anti-CD3, only three patients showed low IL-2 production in response to PWM and five in response to TT. Regarding immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro, five patients completely failed to produce IgM or IgG upon stimulation with PWM, SAC or TT irrespective of the addition of IL-2. By contrast, four patients did not show any defect in vitro and synthesized normal amounts of IgM and IgG with any of the three stimuli. Finally, eight patients could be reconstituted for PWM-, SAC- and TT-induced IgM and/or IgG synthesis in vitro, by adding IL-2 to the culture system. This enhancing effect of IL-2 could be blocked by adding anti-IL-2 receptor antibodies to the cultures. Our findings indicate that a defective IL-2 synthesis after antigen stimulation may be one reason for the impaired immunoglobulin production in some cases of CVID.     

Variability of the Schirmer tear test values in a normal Arab population

Background: As in many parts of the world, the Schirmer tear test is the main test used by optometrists in Saudi Arabia for assessing adequacy of tear production. Variability of the test has been reported in different ethnic groups but not in Arabs. This paper looks at the mean and repeatability of the values obtained by the Schirmer test in a normal Arab population Method: The test was performed on the right eyes of 23 young adult Saudi male subjects at five visits over two weeks. Result: Results showed that for each subject the test values were not repeatable, varying widely over the period of evaluation. The mean value was estimated at 10.6 mm and the 95 per cent confidence limits were 7.9 and 13.3 mm. It was also established that the greater the amount of tears, the greater the variability. Conclusion: This study supports the claim that the Schirmer test is not repeatable and hence is unreliable. Therefore, caution should be exercised in employing it for clinical diagnosis. (Clin Exp Optom 1995; 78: 5: 190–193)     

Focused helical appendiceal computed tomography: Technique and interpretation

This article reviews a focused helical appendiceal computed tomographic technique and discusses an approach to appendiceal computed tomographic interpretation.     

Induction of type II collagen-specific antibody production in blood lymphocyte cultures of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with collagen-induced arthritis using the immobilized native antigen.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Rhesus monkeys previously immunized with bovine type II collagen to induce arthritis were cultured with the same antigen. Because the native protein is poorly soluble in culture medium a heating step is often used. The antigen in this form induced PBMC proliferation, but epitopes for the induction of antibody production and arthritis were lost. To keep the native protein intact it was coated on affigel beads. With the immobilized antigen specific antibody production could be induced.     

提取青蒿素实验条件的研究

对从青蒿叶中提取青蒿素的各种方法及实验条件进行实验比较，结果表明，采用索氏提取法及以Ｂ号油为溶剂，具有提取率较高，时间短、操作方便、耗油少等特点。     

Aromatase and its inhibitors in breast cancer treatment — overview and perspective

Summary Estrogen has an important role in stimulating the growth of breast carcinomas. Inhibition of estrogen production is therefore a logical treatment strategy. A number of selective inhibitors have been developed against aromatase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. The mechanisms of the aromatase reaction, current knowledge of the enzyme, and regulation of its expression are discussed as the basis for inhibitor development. Two classes of aromatase inhibitors, steroidal and non-steroidal compounds, are now coming into use. Among the steroid substrate analogues, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OHA) has been shown to be effective in breast cancer patients with advanced disease and was recently approved for treatment in the United Kingdom. Several different classes of compounds which act as aromatase inhibitors are currently in clinical trials and should provide breast cancer patients with a number of treatment options. Among these are highly potent and selective non-steroidal inhibitors which have recently been found to suppress plasma and urinary estrogens over 95% in breast cancer patients. The potency of these newer aromatase inhibitors provides the opportunity to determine whether complete suppression of estrogen production and action will result in enhanced tumor regression.     

The History,Science, and Innovation of Holter Technology

Holter technology has endured for more than 40 years, and proven to be a valuable adjunctive noninvasive diagnostic technology to record the ambulatory or long‐term electrocardiogram in the study of living creatures. During this span of time, many scientists, physicians, and innovators contributed to the development and evolution of Holter technology. This essay seeks to document a view of the history and evolution of the technology during that time, and concomitantly give recognition to the scientists, physicians, and engineers who contributed so greatly.     

Semiconductor manufacturing: an introduction to processes and hazards

Recent studies suggest that semiconductor workers have an increased incidence of work-related illness. Semiconductor manufacturing is a chemically intensive industry involving many potentially hazardous operations. As this industry moves into new geographic areas, health care professionals will be asked to evaluate medical or workplace conditions associated with unfamiliar and complex production processes. This paper provides an overview of semiconductor manufacturing processes for these health practitioners. Each step of device fabrication is detailed with its attendant chemical and physical hazards. Broader concepts of industrial control technology, clean room ventilation, and ergonomics are explained. The hazards are tabulated to allow rapid assessment of the risks inherent to each processing step. References have been chosen to guide the reader to more indepth information.     

多媒体技术在医学生物学实验教学中的应用

本文联系医学生物学实验课程和多媒体技术的特点，探讨了多媒体技术在医学生物学实验教学中的应用。指出在基础医学实验教学中教师要利用多媒体技术的优点，结合课件制作和教学中应注意的问题，才能充分发挥多媒体技术在教学中的作用，提高教学质量。