Digital movement analysis,a new objective method of measuring tardive dyskinesia and drug-induced parkinsonian tremor: acceptability,reliability and validity

Digital movment analysis (DMA) is a new instrumental approach to assessing oral tardive dyskinesia (TD) by means of digital image processing of a video signal, tracking five paper dots placed around the patient's mouth. A total of 40 schizophrenic patients, 30 with and 10 without TD, were examined twice (with a 3-month interval) with this new device. The patients were further examined with two TD rating scales: the St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal syndromes (SHRS) and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS).The schizophrenic patients accepted the instrumental assessment without any anxiety or resistance. The internal relibility of the apparatus was high, with correlation coefficients of 0.80–0.99. The DMA TD values correlated with the SHRS and AIMS scores with correlation coefficients of 0.48–0.73 indicating an acceptable, although not strong, concurrent validity. Fluctuations occurred from the first to the second examination independent of medication. For these fluctuations no correlation was found between DMA values and rating scores. Finally, the DMA device was able to detect perioral tremor as a sign of parkinsonism.It has been concluded that DMA is a useful supplement to classical TD rating, although further validity evaluation is warranted.     

发音状态下口周软组织移动量的测量

目的引入动态的图象测里概念，进行口周软组织移动量的测量。方洁利用已开发的计算机图象处理系统．对三种测定条件下口腔周围软组织的移动量进行测量研究。结果（1）发／mo／时，口唇突出，上唇的测定点向上内前方．下唇的测定点向下内前方动作，因此．唇上三角形面积变化的大小依次为M3相似文献   

Synthesis and Evaluation of Azole-Substituted Tetrahydronaphthalenes as Inhibitors of P450 arom,P450 17, and P450 TxA2

In search of potential drugs for the treatment of estrogen- and androgen-dependent cancer as well as the prophylaxis of metastases, tetralones, tetralins, and dihydronaphthalenes bearing a OCH₃ substituent at the benzene nucleus and an imidazol-4-yl, imidazol-1-yl, or 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl substituent in 2-position were synthesized with and without C₁-spacer between the rings (compounds 2 – 26 ). The compounds were tested in vitro for inhibition of the three target enzymes P450 arom (human placental microsomes), P450 17 (rat testicular microsomes), and P450 TxA₂ (citrated human whole blood). To examine selectivity, some compounds were further tested in vitro for inhibition of P450 18 (bovine adrenal mitochondria), P450 see (bovine adrenal mitochondria) and corticoid formation (aldosterone, corticosterone; ACTH stimulated rat adrenal tissue). In vivo, selected compounds were examined in Sprague Dawley rats regarding P450 TxA₂ inhibition, reduction of plasma testosterone concentration, antiuterotrophic activity (inhibition of the uterotrophic activity of androstenedione), reduction of plasma estradiol concentration (pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin-primed rats), and mammary tumor inhibiting activity (dimethylbenzanthracene-induced tumor; pre- and postmenopausal model). In the series of imidazol-4-yl compounds, which represent a novelty in the field of azole inhibitors of steroidogenic P450 enzymes, strong inhibitors of P450 arom and/or P450 17 were found: 7-OCH₃-2-(imidazol-4-ylmethylene)-1-tetralone ( 4 ) and 7-OCH₃-2-(imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-tetralin ( 12 ) are among the most potent inhibitors of P450 arom in vitro known so far. Compound 4 is a selective inhibitor, whereas 12 shows in addition strong inhibition of P450 17. In contrast to 12 , the 6-OCH₃ derivative (compound 11 ) is a selective inhibitor of P450 17, being 50 times more potent than ketoconazole. Some imidazol-1-yl compounds show a marked inhibition of P450 TxA₂: 2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1-tetralone ( 13 ) is a selective inhibitor of P450 TxA₂, whereas 7-OCH₃-2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-tetralin ( 17 ) as well as 2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-tetralin ( 16 ) and 7-OCH₃-2-imidazol-1-yl-3,4-dihydronaphthalene ( 25 ) additionally show strong inhibition of P450 arom and P450 17. Regarding the other steroidogenic P450 enzymes as well as corticosterone formation, the compounds show only little inhibitory activity. Aldosterone formation, however, is inhibited at low concentrations. Nevertheless, 4 and 12 are more selective, i.e. inhibit aldosterone synthesis less than the well known inhibitor of P450 arom fadrozole. The compounds show activity in the aforementioned in vivo tests.     

Therapeutic traditions in type 2 diabetes — are they changing?

The utilisation of antidiabetic drugs reflects both the prevalence of diabetes and the different therapeutic traditions of physicians. A questionnaire survey to study attitudes to the use of oral antidiabetic drugs amongst physicians and possible changes in treatment habits was carried out in a representative sample of Finnish physicians (n=454) in 1992 and the results were compared with those of a similar survey carried out in 1985, and with drug utilisation statistics.The mean fasting blood glucose level at which a physician would start pharmacological treatment was 8.7 mmol·l^–1, which was significantly lower than in the 1985 survey. The responses to various case histories suggested a more active approach to pharmacological treatment compared to the 1985 survey. Insulin treatment especially seems to have gained in popularity. This change in attitude was paralled by an increase in the consumption of antidiabetic drugs in Finland during the observation period. The increase in use of oral drugs was steeper in Finland than in Norway and Sweden.Whether this active approach will improve the metabolic control and prognosis of patients with Type 2 diabetes, remains to be demonstrated.     

家禽加工流水线作业工人颈肩腕疾患的调查

对１４９名家禽加工厂作业女工的颈肩腕疾患进行了调查。结果表明：观察组职业性颈肩腕疾患ＯＣＤ，（肩周炎、尺管综合征、腕管综合征、腱鞘炎、肱骨内外髁炎）的总发生率为３９．６０％，与对照组相比差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），其发生率与工龄、年龄及工种别有关。我们认为ＯＣＤ发生的职业危险因素主要是上肢反复用力活动、静力作业、不合理的操作姿势，而且低温、高温的作业环境对ＯＣＤ的发生也起到一定的促进作用。     

Involvement of synthesis of brain cell structural proteins in the action of antitheines on long-term memory

Academician S. V. Anichkov Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences A. N. Klimov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 5, pp. 506–508, May, 1992.     

解毒保肾汤治疗早期糖尿病性肾病

[目的 ]观察解毒保肾汤治疗早期糖尿病性肾病的疗效 .[方法 ]将诊断为早期糖尿病性肾病的病人随机分为 2组 ,其中治疗组 4 4例给予解毒保肾汤 ,对照组 2 0例给予阳性对照药络汀新 ,观察治疗前后 2组病人的临床症状、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白量及尿蛋白排泄率等的变化 .[结果 ]治疗组总有效率为 80 % ,对照组总有效率为 6 5 % ,治疗组疗效优于对照组 ;治疗组在改善临床症状 ,降低空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白量及尿蛋白排泄率等方面均优于对照组 .[结论 ]解毒保肾汤能够降低早期糖尿病性肾病患者的血糖、减少尿蛋白的排泄 ,具有一定的保护肾脏功能 ,对早期糖尿病性肾病有治疗作用 .     

乌梅及其六种伪劣品的鉴别

乌梅中医临床内服外用均有奇效,但常被杏、山杏、山李、桃、陈乌梅、诃子等伪劣品所混淆,从来源鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别四方面可将它们相互鉴别区分开来。     

中西药合用对帕金森病大鼠旋转行为的影响

目的 观察中西药合用对帕金森病(Parkinson disease，PD)大鼠旋转行为的影响。方法 采用6羟多巴胺注射于脑右侧黑质造成偏侧帕金森病模型，并用滋补肝肾、通络解毒的中药以及西药美多巴进行治疗，同时设立美多巴对照组，观察中西药合用对PD大鼠旋转行为的影响。结果 中西药合用可使模型大鼠的旋转圈数明显减少。结论 中西药合用能明显改善PD模型大鼠的旋转行为。     

计算机X线摄影适宜照射线量的探讨

目的以噪声的频率特性评价计算机X线摄影系统(computed radiography, CR)的适宜曝光量.方法在相同摄影条件下获得中速 CaWO4屏-Fuji片组合照片和CR照片,以此为基础,改变mAs,获得不同照射剂量下的CR影像,经相同的后处理条件输出它们的CR照片.用显微密度计依次对这些照片进行扫描,每张获得10万个密度值,作为离散随机信号来处理,用快速傅立叶变换计算威纳频谱(Wiener spectrum, WS),测试CR照片噪声的WS与中速CaWO4屏-Fuji片组合的照片噪声WS值相等的曝光量值.结果 (1)在照射剂量均为5.61μGy、照片密度均为1.0的情况下,在空间频率(ω)=0.1 LP/mm处,CR系统的WS值为 23.1×10 -6 mm2,屏-片系统的为20.1×10 -6 mm2;在ω=0.5 LP/mm处,CR系统的WS值为 9.73×10 -6 mm2,屏-片系统的为8.41×10 -6 mm2 .(2)当ω=0.1 LP/mm时,照射剂量为5.61μGy的CR照片的WS值分别是照射剂量为1.40、2.80、8.76、13.67、21.11μGy CR片的0.53、0.75、1.14、1.44、1.80倍;当空间频率为0.5 LP/mm时,照射剂量为5.61μGy的CR片的WS值分别是照射剂量为1.40、2.80、8.76、13.67、21.11μGy CR片的0.40、0.58、1.26、1.47、2.16倍.(3)在ω=0.5 LP/mm时,与照射剂量为5.61μGy的屏-片组合有相当的噪声水平的CR照片照射剂量大致为7.70 μGy左右.结论相同摄影条件下CR照片的噪声要比中速 CaWO4屏-Fuji片组合的大;随着照射量的增加CR系统总WS将减小,噪声下降;如想获得和屏-片相同噪声的影像,应适当增大CR系统的照射量.