A combined course of primary health care practice and family medicine at the University of Gezira

The community-based course presented is a longitudinal course running through four semesters in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan. Students combine their regular work in primary health care centres with attachments to a number of families in Wad Medani town. They continue to visit these families regularly throughout their entire medical course with the aim of studying them and helping them with some of their medical and psychosocial problems.     

P53、P16、Bcl-2基因及产物在原发性肺癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的 :探讨原发性肺癌 Mtp5 3、p16、Bcl- 2的异常表达与肺癌发生、发展的关系 ,以及它们之间的调控关系。 方法 :用免疫组化技术检测 (L SAB) 114例原发性肺癌组织中 p5 3、p16、Bcl- 2的表达。并用 PCR技术对 6 2例 p16蛋白丢失的肺癌组织中 p16外显子 2 (p16 E2 )的缺失进行分析。 结果:p5 3蛋白异常表达与肺癌组织学类型、分化程度无关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但与淋巴结转移情况有关 (P >0 .0 5 )。 p16蛋白阳性表达率与肺癌的组织学类型无关 ,但是其表达水平与非小细胞肺癌 (NSCL C)的细胞分化程度和淋巴结转移密切相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。 NSCL C中 p16E2的缺失率为 45 .2 %,其缺失水平随淋巴结转移和组织学分级的升高而升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。 SCL C(小细胞肺癌 )和正常肺组织中无 p16 E2的缺失。 Bcl- 2在小细胞肺癌中阳性率 6 2 .2 %显著高于 Sq Ca(鳞癌 )的 2 5 %和 Ad Ca(腺癌 )的 9.1%(P <0 .0 5 ) ,与细胞分化程度和淋巴结转移情况无关。另外 ,p5 3与 p16蛋白之间存在调控关系。 结论 :(1) p16、p5 3、Bcl- 2的异常参与肺癌的发生、发展过程。 (2 ) p16基因及产物的异常表达与 NSCL C的组织学分级和淋巴结转移相关 ,可能参与 NSCL C的发生、发展和转移过程。 (3) Bcl- 2反映 SCL C的分之生物学行为和临床     

肝动脉变异及其在肝癌介入治疗中的意义

本文收集１９９２年１月至１９９５年５月在我科作肝动脉化疗栓塞术和肝动脉化疗灌注术的中晚期肝癌１６０例，将每例病人的肝动脉造影所见与临床资料及随访结果一起进行分析。     

Kindergarten and first grade: A time for developing and nurturing gifted behaviors in young children

This article concludes that there is a tremendous need for gifted programs at the kindergarten and first grade levels. A review of the literature suggests that it is difficult to identify young gifted children through traditional screening techniques. The author concludes that Renzulli's Enrichment Triad Model may prove useful for identifying young gifted children.     

原发性小肠肿瘤41例分析

本文报道我院1981年8月～1986年10月间收治的41例原发性小肠肿瘤,所有病例均经手术切除并经病理检查证实。本组男性24例,女性17例;年龄最小9个月,最大68岁。其中良性肿瘤5例,恶性肿瘤36例。肿瘤位于十二指肠者7例,空肠10例,回肠24例。 原发性小肠肿瘤的临床表现无一定规律,早期多无明显症状,且目前尚缺乏简便可靠的诊断措施,往往导致诊断延误。本文就本病的发生率,临床表现与诊断,误诊原因及辅助诊断等进行了讨论。     

Screening of somatization disorder: validation of the Spanish version of the Othmer and DeSouza Test

The objective of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test for Somatization Disorder. We have designed a validity study using the Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview, an instrument specifically designed to diagnose psychiatric morbidity in medical settings as the ‘golden rule’. The control group displayed ‘functional’ and ‘presenting’ somatization. The Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test, with a threshold of three symptoms, shows 88% sensitivity, 78% specificity and a misclassification rate of 17%. It is concluded that Othmer and DeSouza's screening test, with a threshold of three symptoms, is a useful tool for the diagnosis of somatization disorder in medical and primary care settings in Spain. Discrepancies with US findings are discussed on a cross-cultural basis.     

Cementoblastoma related to a primary tooth: a case report

Cementoblastomas are benign lesions of the odontogenic ectomesenchyme that rarely occur related to the primary dentition, especially on the left side of the mandible. This study describes a case of a true cementoblastoma related to the left second primary mandibular molar in a 7-year-old child (the largest one seen in the left side of the mandible). Additionally, the radiographic and histologic findings of the lesion are described in details.     

肝硬化组织转化生长因子β1 的分布研究及临床意义

目的研究转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)、胶原纤维和网状纤维在肝硬化组织中的分布、意义及肝细胞癌变对其分布的影响.方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测30例肝硬化组织和1例大致正常肝组织TGFβ1的表达情况.用Masson染色显示胶原纤维,Gordon-Sweet染色显示网状纤维.CMIAS-8彩色图像分析系统对阳性目标进行分析处理.结果 (1)TGFβ1主要位于肝非实质细胞胞浆内,这些细胞主要分布在汇管区、纤维间隔、炎症区;纤维组织中有少量TGFβ1存在;少数肝细胞胞浆内也表达TGFβ1,总阳性率为20%,肝炎肝硬化组TGFβ1阳性表达率与肝炎肝硬化合并原发性肝细胞癌组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);(2)肝炎肝硬化组TGFβ1的IOD为395.3±291.3,胶原纤维的AD为(6.3±3.8)%,网状纤维的AD为(5.4±2.3)%.TGFβ1的IOD与胶原纤维的AD呈正相关(r=0.8991,P<0.01),与网状纤维的AD呈正相关(r=0.8317,P<0.01);肝炎肝硬化合并原发性肝细胞癌组TGFβ1 的IOD为840.7±449.6,胶原纤维的AD为(12.5±4.9)%,网状纤维的AD为(9.2±3.2)%.TGFβ1的IOD与胶原纤维的AD呈正相关(r=0.8025,P<0.01),与网状纤维的AD无相关(r=0.4314,P>0. 05).肝炎肝硬化组TGFβ1的表达、胶原纤维和网状纤维分布与肝炎肝硬化合并原发性肝细胞癌组比较均有显著性差异(P均<0.01);(3)胶原纤维主要分布在汇管区、纤维隔,炎症区,肝窦旁也可见少量存在;网状纤维主要分布在汇管区、纤维隔、炎症区、肝窦旁、实质细胞周围;原发性肝癌及外周肝硬化组织Gordon-Sweet染色显示肝癌细胞区网状纤维不显色.结论 TGFβ1与肝纤维化肝硬化的发生发展密切相关.在肝炎肝硬化,TGFβ1表达增强,当合并原发性肝细胞癌时,TGFβ1有极强表达;TGFβ1可作为原发性肝细胞癌的血清学辅助诊断,Gordon-Sweet染色可作为原发性肝细胞癌的病理学辅助诊断.     

大肠重复癌MMR、p53、Bax、PCNA表达及微卫星不稳定性研究

目的探讨微卫星不稳定性 (MSI)在大肠重复癌与单发癌中的变化规律 ,及MMR、p5 3、Bax、PCNA表达与MSI的关系。 方法采用免疫组化、PCR SSLP法对 38例大肠重复癌患者的 5 1处癌灶及 35例单发大肠癌分别进行MMR、p5 3、Bax、PCNA表达的检测和 5个微卫星位点MSI检测。结果重复癌组复制错误阳性率为 5 3% (2 7/ 5 1) ,单发癌组为 17% (6 / 35 ) ,差异有显著性意义 (χ2 =11 2 5 ,P <0 0 1)。重复癌组中 ,RER 与MMR表达缺失有密切的相关性 ;RER 与 p5 3表达呈负相关 ;RER 组PCNA标记指数显著低于RER-组 ;RER 与低分化、近端大肠癌密切相关。结论MSI在大肠重复癌的发生上起着重要作用 ,MSI可作为预测大肠重复癌发生的重要标志。