EEPP: Conclusions,Implications and Future Directions

Early childhood is an important time for the promotion of healthy development and the prevention of mental disorders in adult life. In the context of the need to understand and design universally accessible promotional and preventative services for children, the European Early Promotion Project (EEPP) was developed as an innovative service implemented and evaluated in five European countries. Previous chapters in this special issue have detailed the components of the project, its outcomes for the primary health care professionals (PHCPs) and the families who were involved, and an evaluation of the costs. Here we draw together the major findings, assess the success of the project and discuss its contribution to the field of primary prevention.     

不同时机给药对原发性痛经模型小鼠雌激素受体、缩宫素受体的影响

目的观察不同时机给药对原发性痛经模型小鼠雌激素受体(ER-α)和缩宫素受体(OTR)的影响。方法将km小鼠按体重分层随机分为:JQF动情周期给药组、JQF第4天给药组(JQF剂量均为0.218 g/kg)、元胡止痛片组(0.1 g/kg)、模型组和正常组。除正常组外每日皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇0.2 mg/只,连续6 d。采用Western blot和Real-time PCR分别检测1周期给药和3周期连续给药对ER-α和OTR蛋白与m RNA表达的影响。结果与模型组比较,JQF动情周期给药组与第4天给药组ER-α和OTR蛋白、m RNA的表达均呈现显著下调(P<0.01)。动情周期给药组和第4天给药组组间比较无差异,3周期连续给药实验结果与1周期一致。结论不同时机给药对原发性痛经模型小鼠ER-α和OTR蛋白、m RNA表达有相同的抑制作用。     

Effects of Electroacupuncture and Electroacupuncture Plus Tao Hong Si Wu Wan in Treating Primary Dysmenorrhea

This study investigated the efficacies of electroacupuncture and electroacupuncture combined with Tao Hong Si Wu Wan in treating primary dysmenorrhea and compared the results with those obtained using conventional medical treatment. One treatment group, group 1, was administered Tao Hong Si Wu Wan (2625 mg) while the other, group 2, was administered a placebo (2625 mg) twice daily for 3 months. Electroacupuncture was used in both treatment groups: two sessions per menstrual cycle for three menstrual cycles. The reference group, group 3, was administered ibuprofen, 600 mg, twice daily, for five menstrual cycles. Uses of the herb, placebo and ibuprofen were blinded. A ridit analysis was used for testing and interpreting the effects of treatment. Pain intensity was determined using a qualitative grading method in a blinded manner. The ridit scores in groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those in reference group immediately after treatment and three months later. Twelve months after the treatment, group 1 had a higher ridit score than group 2. In comparison to the reference group, groups 1 and 2 achieved better menstrual pain relief both immediately and 3 months after treatment. In addition, group 1 had better long-term pain relief than group 2.     

中西医结合治疗对原发性高血压患者血压及生存质量改善的临床观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗对原发性高血压(肝肾阴虚证)患者血压及生存质量的改善情况。方法:采用随机、对照方法,将120例原发性高血压患者分为观察组和对照组各60例,对照组用硝苯地平缓释片治疗,观察组在对照组西药的基础上,加用中药汤剂治疗,疗程为3个月,观察治疗前后患者临床表现、血压水平及生存质量改善情况。结果:治疗后,观察组在中医证候疗效、血压水平、生存质量躯体健康、躯体角色功能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力、社会功能、心理健康方面均明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后两组情绪角色功能方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与单纯西药相比,中西医结合治疗原发性高血压在临床表现、血压水平、生存质量改善情况均有明显优势。     

探析护肝解纤汤在肝硬化治疗中的临床应用

目的探析护肝解纤汤对肝硬化患者的护肝作用的临床疗效及可能的作用机制。方法将我院收治的38例肝硬化患者按照随机分组的原则,分为治疗组和对照组。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予护肝解纤汤的处方治疗,按照5个月为1疗程,然后进行临床疗效的评价。结果护肝解纤汤组较对照组均具有明显的抗肝纤维化的作用,两组进行比较存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论护肝解纤汤治疗肝硬化的临床疗效显著,安全有效,可作为临床推广应用。     

Multiple primary (even in situ) melanomas in a patient pose significant risk to family members

BackgroundWe aimed at assessing familial risk of melanoma by considering a detailed family history of multiple primary (invasive/in situ) melanomas (MPM), stratified by histology and location.MethodsAmong 65,429 melanoma patients diagnosed in 1958–2010 in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, there were 4248 patients with familial melanoma. A detailed family history of MPM was investigated by number of melanomas in one first-degree relative (FDR) and in ⩾2 FDRs. Familial melanoma risk was assessed by standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) comparing those with family history of melanoma to those without. Combining invasive/in situ melanoma was due to essentially identical familial risks.ResultsFor one affected FDR, familial risk increased from SIR = 2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.2–2.3) for single melanoma to 16.3 (9.5–26.1) for ⩾5 melanomas, while for ⩾2 affected FDRs, the risk increased from 5.5 (4.8–6.2) for single melanoma to 23.9 (13.6–38.8) for ⩾2 melanomas. Significantly higher familial risks for superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) [2.5 (2.3–2.6)] than lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) [1.8 (1.6–2.1)], and for multiple parts [5.3 (3.1–8.4)] and trunk [2.6 (2.5–2.8)] than head/neck [2.0 (1.8–2.2)] were observed. Only at head/neck, significantly higher risk for SSM [2.4 (1.9–3.0)] than LMM [1.6 (1.4–1.8)] was noted.ConclusionWe found, for the first time, that familial risks were similar for two/three melanomas in one FDR or for a single melanoma in ⩾2 FDRs and, higher familial risks for SSM than LMM occurred only at head/neck. This study provides new evidence for genetic counselling in melanoma, suggesting the need for considering not only the number of affected family members but also the diagnosis of MPM (even in situ) in relatives.     

THE STUDY APPLIED ON BA IN PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY

目的：探讨脑电地形图在癫癎病人中的应用价值。方法：脑电地形图在132例原发性癫癎和18例继发性癫癎病人中被检查了。结果：在这些病人中脑电地形图的改变是明显的。结论：脑电地形图在癫癎诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要的应用价值。