原发性甲状腺功能亢进症合并甲状腺癌18例分析

目的：探讨原发性甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）合并甲状腺癌（甲癌）的诊断和治疗。方法：回顾分析1990年1月于2000年1月手术治疗18例甲亢合并甲癌患者的临床资料，结果：微小癌占83％（15／18）。术前彩超检查15例，14例发现可疑结节；13例行癌侧叶全切除和对侧叶次全切除术，5例行双侧叶次全切除术，其中3例同时行颈淋巴结清扫术，1例二次行颈淋巴结清扫术。随访16例，平均随访7年，1例死于癌肺转移，余者仍存活，结论：术前常规彩超检查发现可疑结节有助于术中冰冻切片病理检查，手术治疗应兼顾甲亢和甲癌。     

激活素A对人肝星状细胞系LI 90细胞增殖的影响

目的：检测激活素（ACT）A对肝星状细胞（HSC）系LI90细胞增殖的影响。方法：采用基因重组人ACT A（0．025－250ng/ml）、转化生长因子－β1（TGF－β1）、镦泡抑素（FS）处理体外培养的人HSC系LI90，采用四唑盐比色法（MTT法）检测其对细胞增殖的影响。结果：ACT A浓度在0.025-250ng/ml范围内，均可刺激LI90细胞增殖，0.025-25ng/ml浓度范围内的ACT A作用轻微，而250ng/ml的ACT A作用明显增强（P＜0．01）；相反，TGF－β1（2．5ng/ml）对LI90细胞增殖无明显影响；0．315ng/ml FS与浓度为0.25ng/ml的ACT A共同孵育可阻断ACT A促进LI90增殖的活性（P＜0．05），而0．315ng/ml FS单独作用对LI 90细胞生长明显影响。结论：ACT可促进HSC增殖，在肝纤维化发病机制中发挥重要作用。     

肝癌患者HBV血清学标志和HBV-DNA的关系

目的 为了探讨肝癌患血清中HBV标志物与HBV－DNA之间的相关性。方法 运用酶联免疫吸附试验和聚合酶链式反应同时检测血清中HBV标志物和HBV－DNA。结果 在427例肝癌患的血清中，HBV－M（＋）为74．0％，HBV－DNA（＋）为44．0％，与正常对照组差异非常显。结论 乙型肝炎病毒的感染与复制仍是肝癌的主要致病因素。     

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶在原发性肝癌中的表达

目的：为了解谷胱甘肽S－转移酶及其同工酶在原发性肝癌患者中的表达情况。方法：采用免疫组化方法对不同分化程度肝癌组织32例和肝硬化组织11例行GSTs和GST－π表达的研究，并以γ-GT作为对照；同时对128例不同肝病患者血清中GSTs活性作检测。结果：GSTs、GST－π及γ－GT的表达与肿瘤的分化程度有关，分化越差，阳性率越低，反之亦然；GST－π在分化良好组阳性表达率明显高于肝为后肝硬化组（P＜0．05）；血清GSTs活性检测肝癌组与正常对照组相比没有显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：GST－π是优于γ-GT的肝癌标志酶，尤其在分化程度良好的肝癌，对临床区分肝癌的分化程度有一定的意义。     

无创伤性测定门静脉压力与肝血流二法联合应用研究肝硬化的价值

目的　为临床研究肝硬化提供有价值的手段。方法　采用99mTc -RBC测定 93例肝硬化患者肝血流 ,选择峰时 (Tmax) ,半廓清时 (T1/2 )、廓清率 (K值 )、肝血流 (LBF)等作为观察指标 ,与正常对照组比较 ;同时用99mTc-MIBI经直肠给药测定其中 5 4例患者门静脉压力 (PVP) ,以心 /肝 (H/L)比值作为分流指数。结果　肝硬化组Tmax、T1/2 、K及LBF分别为 1.2 6± 0 .99(93)min、5 .75± 3.38(93)min、0 .15 4± 0 .116 (93)及 0 .6 10± 0 .2 89(93)L/min ,除Tmax外 ,与对照组均有非常显著性差异 ;Child -A、B、C级各组之间 (除Tmax外 )也均有非常显著性差异或显著性差异 ;Child -A、B、C级各组H/L分别为 0 .49± 0 .18(2 1)、0 .6 9± 0 .16 (15 )、0 .91± 0 .2 1(18) ;PVP分别为 2 .2 2± 0 .5 7(2 1)kPa、2 .85± 0 .38(15 )kPa及 3.5 4± 0 .6 5 (18)kPa。而对照组的H/L及PVP分别为 0 .30± 0 .12 (16 )及 1.6 1± 0 .38(16 )kPa。Child -A、B、C级各组分别与对照组及各组之间比较 ,除Child -B与C级组PVP无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )外 ,其余均有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)及显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　本法测定肝血流及门脉压力方便 ,无创伤 ,对分析病情 ,判断疗效 ,指导制订治疗方案 ,估计预后等均有较     

经T管窦道网篮取石治疗胆道残余结石

目的：采用非手术方法治疗胆道残余结石，方法：应用介入方法经T管窦道网蓝取石，结果：治疗39例。取得了满意的疗效。成功率达92．3％，结论：经T管窦道网蓝取石治疗胆道残余结石，是一种简便，安全、有效的治疗方法。     

The 5-Step family intervention in primary care: II. The views of primary healthcare professionals

Background: This is the second of two papers using qualitative methods from a study of an intervention for family members affected by close relatives' substance misuse problems.

Participants: 168 primary healthcare professionals (PHCPs: GPs, practice nurses and health visitors) working in general practices in two areas of England, and who took part in the study.

Data sources: Recruitment and post-session forms completed by PHCPs; telephone interviews with each PHCP 12 weeks after recruitment of a family member; interviews with PHCPs at the end of the study.

Results: At the end of the project PHCPs were overwhelmingly positive about the family member intervention and about primary care as the appropriate site. Difficulties were encountered, however, in identifying and engaging affected family members, who were often excluded on grounds of the complexity of their problems or the level of their distress. Shortage of PHCP time and other practice-related factors added to the difficulty. Active work by a PHCP was often necessary in order to make the link between presenting symptoms of physical or mental ill-health and the existence of a family substance misuse problem. When family members were identified and recruited, PHCPs were usually positive about what was achieved. Nearly all were in favour of an approach that combined giving a self-help manual with some follow-up contact with a family member as needed.

Conclusions: Taken in conjunction with statistical outcome findings of significant reductions in symptoms and changes in ways of coping, plus qualitative analysis of the views of family members, the present results encourage the view that a flexible form of this intervention should be developed for use in primary healthcare, and that further work should build on existing strengths and attempt to overcome weaknesses identified.     

肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌感染的临床特点

目的:探讨肝硬化患者幽门螺杆菌( Hp)感染的临床特点.方法:对162例已行胃镜和幽门螺杆菌检查的肝硬化患者Hp感染情况进行回顾性分析.结果:Hp感染在性别和年龄间差异均无显著性(P＞0.05);Hp感染率随食管静脉曲张加重、肝功能恶化、门脉高压性胃病加重而降低(P＜0.05～P＜0 .01);Hp感染在消化性溃疡的有无发生间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:在肝硬化患者中,Hp感染与食管静脉曲张、肝功能恶化、门脉高压性胃病、消化性溃疡的发生无关.对有Hp感染的肝硬化患者无需行根除治疗.     

中西医结合治疗难治性原发性肾病综合征20例

目的 :探讨难治性原发性肾病综合征 ( PNS)的中西医结合治疗途径。方法 :选择 PNS患者2 0例 ,逐步撤减激素至停用 ,停免疫抑制剂 ,酌情给予降压、利尿、降脂、提高血浆胶体渗透压 ,自拟“健肾汤”、辨证辨病加减 ,治疗前后分别测定 2 4 h尿蛋白定量、血浆白蛋白、胆固醇、Scr(血肌酐 )、Ccr(肌酐清除率 )。结果 :治疗 8周后 2 4 h尿蛋白、血浆胆固醇显著下降 ,血浆白蛋白显著上升 ,肾功能明显改善 ( P<0 .0 1 )。病情完全缓解 40 % ,部分缓解 45 % ,无效 1 5 % ,总有效率 85 %。结论 :中西医结合治疗 PNS取得一定疗效 ,值得临床和实验进一步研究。     

Primary tubal choriocarcinoma

Choriocarcinoma is one of the most serious forms of gestational trophoblastic tumor. It is a malignant tumor from the epithelium of the chorionic villi. The most frequent location site is the uterus. Associated with ectopic pregnancy, it is extremely rare and in general, very aggressive. In 75% of the cases, it items from distant metastasis; therefore, a histological examination of the tubes must be performed in all ectopic pregnancies. Our patient was a 33-year-old woman who was admitted to emergency room (ER) with an intense pain in the right, iliac cavity, and limited genital bleeding. During the exploration, there was abdominal pain, with doubtful signs of peritoneal irritation. The vaginal ultrasound offered an image that was compatible with an extra uterine pregnancy in the left appendages. At emergency, right salpingectomy was performed via laparotomy. The patient was treated with polychemotherapy and contraceptives for a year, with no recurrence of the disease. Control follow-up was performed using beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) testing on a weekly basis during the first month and then bi-monthly during the first year of follow-up.