Product-Related Home Accidents in Children: A Survey of 1590 Accidents

ABSTRACT. In a well defined geographical area a total of 1590 accidents related to home products in children 0–15 years of age were prospectively registered. The incidence of product-related accidents was 279 per 10 000 children per year. A higher incidence in boys and a decreasing incidence of accidents with age was found. The most common localization of lesions was upper extremities 41% and face and skull 30%. In children 0–4 years of age household and child furniture, constructional features of the house and corrosives, hot liquids and heating equipment were the most common products causing accidents, whereas in children 5–15 years of age playthings and sports equipment as well as constructional features of the house were involved in a higher percentage of accidents.     

儿童甲状腺癌13例临床分析

本文报告１９８５－１９９４年收治的儿童甲状腺癌１３例。年龄７－１６岁。男３岁，女１０例。所有病例无不适，而以颈部肿物就诊。除１例根治术前未做过任何治疗外，其余病例均曾进行过不恰当治疗，颈淋巴结转移１０例，肺转移３例，骨转移１例。病理诊断：乳头状癌１０例，滤泡癌３例。手术以患侧腺叶及峡部切除或加健侧大部分切除为佳。如有颈淋巴结转移应同时行颈部清扫术。本文对儿童甲状腺癌的特征、误诊原因及其治疗进行了计     

幼儿园824名3－6岁幼儿肝功能、乙肝表面抗原检测结果分析

为了解幼儿的肝功能和ＨＢｓＡｇ携带情况，我们于１９９１年肝炎发病高峰季节对我县四所幼儿园共８２４名幼儿进行了ＡＬＴ、ＴＴＴ、ＺｎＴＴ、ＨＢｓＡｇ检测。结果ＡＬＴ、ＴＴＴ均升高１例，有体征；ＡＬＴ单项升高６例，无症状；ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性５８例，其中９例ＡＬＴ升高，４例ＴＴＴ升高。幼儿园是幼儿集中的地方、同吃、同住、接触密切，对ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性者接种乙肝疫苗，对ＡＬＴ升高者不能忽视以免发生肝炎流行。     

菏泽市城区1008名学龄儿童感觉统合失调调查分析

目的：为了解本市的学龄儿童感觉统合失调的发生率及造成感觉统合失调的有关因素。方法：采用北京感觉统合失调评定表，对6－10岁1008名在校儿童进行整群抽样调查，所获数据经χ^2检验。结果：感觉统合失调发生率为35．52％，其中轻率23．4％，重度12．1％，男童发生率为43．08％，女童发生率为27．89％，男高于女（P＜0．05）。结论：儿童感觉统合失调发生率与父母文化程度、儿童自身智力、学习成绩、出生时缺氧缺血性脑病有关，有关部门要迅速组建机构对感觉统合失调进行训练。     

Normal morphology of sacroiliac joints in children: magnetic resonance studies related to age and sex

Objective. To determine in a prospective study the normal MRI morphology of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) in relation to age and sex during adolescence. Design and patients. A total of 98 children (63 boys, mean age 12.7±2.8 years; 35 girls, mean age 13.7±2.3 years), ranging in age from 8 to 17 years, with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) but without signs of sacroiliitis fulfilled the study prerequisites (no back pain and no pathologic changes of the SIJs on physical examination before MRI in a 1.5-year follow-up). An additional eight HLA-B27-negative boys and eight HLA-B27-negative girls without arthritis served as controls. The MRI protocol comprised a T1-weighted SE sequence, an opposed-phase T2*-weighted GE sequence, and a dynamic contrast-enhanced study in single-section technique. Results. Noncontrast MRI permitted differentiation of “open” from ossified segmental and lateral apophyses of the sacral wings, with a significant difference in age (P <0.05) between children with open and ossified apophyses. Ossification of the apophyses of the sacral wings was seen significantly earlier (P <0.05) in girls than in boys. Girls also had a significantly higher incidence of transitional lumbosacral vertebrae, pelvic asymmetries, and accessory joints. In the contrast-enhanced opposed-phase MRI study, normal cartilage of the SIJs showed no contrast enhancement whereas the joint capsule showed a moderate enhancement. Conclusion. There are significant age- and sex-related differences in the normal MRI morphology of juvenile SIJs. Our findings might serve as a standard of comparison for the evaluation of pathologic changes – in particular for the early identification of juvenile sacroiliitis.     

Challenging the Presumption of Diminished Capacity to Parent: Does Divorce Really Change Parenting Practices?*

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to determine whether divorced parents exhibit a diminished capacity to parent in the period following divorce. Using 2 waves of data from a national survey of Canadian children, the current study prospectively follows 5,004 children living in 2–biological parent households at initial interview and compares changes in parenting practices between households that subsequently divorce and those that remain intact. Results show that divorce is unrelated to changes in parenting behavior, suggesting that there are more similarities than differences in parenting among recently divorced and continuously married parents.     

IgE and atopy in perinatally HIV-infected children

Elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and increased prevalence of atopy is reported in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The elevated serum IgE may be attributed to polyclonal stimulation of B cells or IgE production against allergens, viruses, fungi and bacteria. This study investigates the prevalence of atopy in perinatally HIV-infected children, and the relationships between serum IgE (and other serum immunoglobulins) with atopy, CD4+ cell count and HIV-disease stage. Serum immunoglobulin levels, epicutaneous skin test for common aeroallergens, clinical Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification, CD4+ cell counts and allergy history were extracted from the charts of perinatally HIV-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy. The prevalence of atopy (52%) and the pattern of aeroallergen sensitivity were comparable with the US pediatric population. Serum IgE levels did not correlate with clinical disease stage. However, in non-atopic patients, serum IgE levels increased with disease progression (p = 0.02). There was an inverse relationship between the prevalence of elevated serum IgE levels and atopy with progression of disease (p = 0.019). Serum IgE did not correlate with atopy, CD4+ cell count, or duration of HIV infection or levels of serum immunoglobulins. This is the first study to show no increased prevalence of atopy in perinatally HIV-infected children compared with the general population. In advanced stages of HIV, elevated serum IgE may be specific for antigens other than those known as allergens.     

Experiences and perceived roles of occupational therapists working with children with special learning needs during transition to school: A pilot study

Occupational therapists provide support to children with special learning needs and their families during the child's transition from early childhood to mainstream school. Little has been documented regarding the role and experiences of occupational therapists working with children, families and teachers during transition in an Australian context. Six paediatric occupational therapists from one geographical area in New South Wales were interviewed and asked to relay their role and experiences when providing a service to children with special learning needs during their transition to school. Participants described their role to include: preparing the child for school; working with school personnel; and providing parental support. Although participants described both positive and negative experiences, among the negative experiences were: limited time to provide a service; recommendations to school personnel not being followed; school personnel not being supportive; feeling uncomfortable in the classroom; and limited involvement in planning. Participants described a role which is consistent with current school-based occupational therapy practice; however, in the participants' experience, there was a gap between the ideal service and what participants were able to provide. This included limited collaboration with teachers.     

The Mental Health of Homeless Children

The literature addressing the mental health of homeless children is critically reviewed. Higher rates of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive problems have been reported for this population, but research results are qualified by significant methodological problems. Minimal attention has been given to the development and evaluation of specific intervention and prevention strategies. Recommendations are made for conducting research that will overcome previous methodological problems and focus more directly on identifying risk and protective mechanisms within the population of children exposed to homelessness.