Development of a new inventory for assessing memories of parental rearing behaviour

A new inventory (EMBU) to assess the own memories of parental rearing behaviour was constructed. EMBU is comprised of 81 questions grouped in 15 subscales and two additional questions referring to consistency and strictness of parental rearing behaviour to be answered in a four-step scale for the father and for the mother separately. The subscales cover such rearing practices as for example overinvolvement, affection, overprotectiveness, guilt engendering, rejection. 152 healthy subjects of both sexes (108 males and 44 females) completed the inventory. The item analysis showed that both parents attained similar scores in about half of the questions. Fathers scored higher in items referring to strictness, punishment and a low degree of involvement wheareas mothers scored higher in items referring to involvement and affection. A principal component factor analysis permitted the hypothesized subscales to be identified. An analysis of the internal consistency of the subscales revealed a high frequency of significant internal correlations. A principal component factor analysis of the total scores of the 15 subscales allowed three main dimensions of rearing behaviour to be identified quite close to those reported in similar studies in the literature where other scales had been used.     

"军事预防医学"新学科的创建与八年教学实践

将“三防医学”（防原医学、防化医学、防生物危害医学）与军队卫生学（包括军事劳动卫生学、军队环境卫生学和军队营养与食品卫生学）等学科内容扩展组合为“军事预防医学”新学科。此后的八年教学实践,实现了创建新学科、编著新教材、开设新课程的教学改革系统工程,使全军预防医学领域研究生显著地增加了培养数量,提高了培养质量,促进了学科的发展和高层次人才队伍的建设,对提高我国军事预防医学学术水平,推进预防医学防疫事业和增强国防卫勤保障能力,发挥了重要的作用。此项教学改革获2005年军队教学成果一等奖和国家教学成果二等奖。     

学科带头人在学科建设中的地位与作用

为了推进中医药学科门类的建设,拟对学科人才梯队培养,学科带头人在学科建设中的地位与作用进行阐述,指出人才梯队培养是学科建设三要素之一,是实现学科发展目标的重要保障,是保持学科研究方向稳定性、先进性的重要支撑力量,并对人才梯队的层次与职能加以论述,明确了学科带头人应具备的基本素质、培养途经及工作职责,只有这样才能使中医学更加发扬光大。     

以学科建设的未来趋势为导向 提升临床研究生的培养质量

缺乏对学科发展趋势的把握和跟踪,以及在此基础上对研究生培养内容的战略性思考和构建,是我国当前影响临床研究生培养质量的重要原因之一。本文分析了临床学科建设发展的未来趋势以及学科建设发展对临床研究生核心素质的要求。在此基础上,提出了以学科建设发展未来趋势为导向提升研究生培养质量的若干措施。     

MAOA‐uVNTR and early physical discipline interact to influence delinquent behavior

Background: A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidizing gene monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) has been associated with behavioral sensitivity to adverse environmental conditions in multiple studies (e.g., Caspi et al. 2002 ; Kim‐Cohen et al., 2006 ). The present study investigates the effects of genotype and early physical discipline on externalizing behavior. We expand on the current literature in our assessment of externalizing, incorporating information across multiple reporters and over a broad developmental time period, and in our understanding of environmental risk. Method: This study uses data from the Child Development Project, an ongoing longitudinal study following a community sample of children beginning at age 5. Physical discipline before age 6 was quantified using a subset of questions from the Conflict Tactics Scale ( Straus, 1979 ). Externalizing behavior was assessed in the male, European‐American sub‐sample (N = 250) by parent, teacher, and self‐report using Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and Youth Self‐Report ( Achenbach, 1991 ), at 17 time points from ages 6 to 22. Regression analyses tested the influence of genotype, physical discipline, and their interaction on externalizing behavior, and its subscales, delinquency and aggression. Results: We found a significant interaction effect between genotype and physical discipline on levels of delinquent behavior. Similar trends were observed for aggression and overall externalizing behavior, although these did not reach statistical significance. Main effects of physical discipline held for all outcome variables, and no main effects held for genotype. Conclusion: The adverse consequences of physical discipline on forms of externalizing behavior are exacerbated by an underlying biological risk conferred by MAOA genotype.     

基于转化医学模式的医院学科发展策略

上海瑞金医院通过几年来采取的一系列促进学科发展的战略决策,打破学科壁垒,搭建临床与基础的多学科合作平台;以科学问题为导向的学科群建设;多元化的人才队伍建设等举措,探讨基于转化医学模式的、适合医院学科发展的策略,为医院进一步筹建转化医学中心奠定理论基础并提供研究平台储备。     

监管科学的学科建设和人才培养

监管科学是被世界卫生组织和美欧日等制药强国高度重视和发展的一门前沿交叉学科,有力提升了药品创新能力和监管效能,已被美国教育部门明确认定为大门类一级学科,初步形成本科、硕士和博士层面完备的教育培养体系.为提高我国药品监管的科技化、法治化、现代化和国际化水平,2019年国家药监局启动"中国药品监管科学行动计划".明确监管科...     

中医血液病学科研究方向与内涵外延解析

中医血液病学科是运用中医药基本理论阐述血液系统病证、病因、病机及证治规律的一门临床学科。讨论中医血液病概念、研究方向、内涵外延等学科建设中的关键性问题,提出学科研究方向的制定要具备“有良好的前期研究基础、注重学科领域发展前沿、关注学科特色与优势”3个要素,并要把握好“严谨的科学态度、稳定的研究内容、持久发展的潜力”3个关键。内涵与外延要把握本学科自身建设特点,高度重视内涵、外延与相近、相邻学科的关联性和交叉性,以丰富和发展自身学科内涵、外延内容。     

药学信息学与信息药学辨析

就当前药学和信息学交叉研究中产生的问题,从形成机制、学科范式、学科定位、学科共名几方面对学科独立性和差异性进行分析与研究,提出该领域应形成两门分支学科:药学信息学与信息药学,从而完善学科体系。