Aerobic training in patients with anoctamin 5 myopathy and hyperckemia

Introduction: Anoctamin 5 deficiency has recently been defined to cause limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2L (LGMD2L) with pronounced hyperCKemia. No treatment interventions have been made so far in this condition. Methods: In 6 patients with LGMD2L, we studied the effect of home‐based, pulse‐watch monitored, moderate‐intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer for 30 minutes, 3 times weekly, for 10 weeks. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) was assessed before, during, and after the program as a marker of muscle damage. Primary outcome measures were maximum oxygen uptake (VO_2max) and time in the 5‐repetitions‐sit‐to‐stand test (FRSTST). Results: Training resulted in improvements in VO_2max (27 ± 7%; P = 0.0001) and FRSTST time (35 ± 12%; P = 0.007). Improvements in physiologic and functional muscle testing were accompanied by stable CK levels and no reports of adverse effects. Conclusions: These findings suggest that supervised aerobic exercise training is safe and effective in improving oxidative capacity and muscle function in patients with anoctamin 5 deficiency. Muscle Nerve 50 : 119–123, 2014     

Muscular adaptations and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 responses to resistance training are stretch‐mediated

Introduction: Modulation of muscle characteristics was attempted through altering muscle stretch during resistance training. We hypothesized that stretch would enhance muscle responses. Methods: Participants trained for 8 weeks, loading the quadriceps in a shortened (SL, 0–50° knee flexion; n = 10) or lengthened (LL, 40–90°; n = 11) position, followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Controls (CON; n = 10) were untrained. Quadriceps strength, vastus lateralis architecture, anatomical cross‐sectional area (aCSA), and serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) were measured at weeks 0, 8, 10, and 12. Results: Increases in fascicle length (29 ± 4% vs. 14 ± 4%), distal aCSA (53 ± 12% vs. 18 ± 8%), strength (26 ± 6% vs. 7 ± 3%), and IGF‐1 (31 ± 6% vs. 7 ± 6%) were greater in LL compared with SL muscles (P < 0.05). No changes occurred in CON. Detraining decrements in strength and aCSA were greater in SL than LL muscles (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Enhanced muscle in vivo (and somewhat IGF‐1) adaptations to resistance training are concurrent with muscle stretch, which warrants its inclusion within training. Muscle Nerve 49 : 108–119, 2014     

单任务平板训练与双任务平板训练对痉挛型双瘫脑瘫儿童运动功能影响的比较

目的比较单任务平板训练与双任务平板训练对痉挛型双瘫脑瘫儿童运动功能的影响。方法选取具备独立行走能力的痉挛型双瘫脑瘫患儿50例, 按照随机数字表法将其分为单任务训练组(对照组)和双任务训练组(观察组), 每组25例, 治疗期间分别脱落2例和3例, 最终纳入对照组23例, 观察组22例。2组患儿在常规康复训练基础上, 对照组进行单任务平板训练, 观察组进行双任务平板训练。治疗前、治疗2个月后(治疗后), 采用粗大运动功能评定量表(GMFM-88)D功能区(站立)和E功能区(走跑跳)、儿童平衡量表(PBS)、1 min步行试验(1MWT)评价2组患儿的粗大运动功能、平衡功能和步行移动能力, 采用改良起立-行走计时(mTUG)测试、双任务mTUG测试、双任务成本(DTE)评估2组患儿在双任务条件下的表现。结果治疗前, 2组患儿GMFM-88 D区和E区、PBS、1MWT、单任务mTUG、双任务mTUG、DTE比较, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后, 2组患儿上述指标均较组内治疗前改善(P<0.05)。2组患儿治疗后GMFM-88 D区和E区、PBS、1MWT评估结果比较,...     

抬高患肢和被动运动对脑卒中肩手综合征患者康复效果的影响

目的探讨采取抬高患肢和被动运动训练对脑卒中后肩手综合征患者康复效果的影响。方法将160例脑卒中后肩手综合征患者分为观察组和对照组,各80例。对照组采用常规护理和康复训练;观察组实施抬高患肢及被动运动,连续4周后评价效果。采用Brunnstrom偏瘫上肢功能评价量表、Fugl-Meyer手指运动功能评定表和Barther指数(MBI)进行评价。结果两组患者治疗后上肢功能分级、手指运动功能及ADL评分与治疗前比较有显著改善(均P0.01),观察组效果显著优于对照组(均P0.01)。结论抬高患肢和被动运动训练可有效促进脑卒中患者的手部功能恢复,进而提高日常生活能力。     

非流畅性失语患者朗读两类成语的研究

目的 考查非流畅性失语患者在语音提示下朗读2种类型成语的能力,为确定其朗读训练方向提供依据.方法 对30例非流畅性失语患者实施自身对照研究,于言语训练前进行成语朗读能力测试.测试时,在语音提示成语前2个字后,分别朗读唯一搭配成语和双重搭配成语后2个字,2种类型成语测试满分分别为30、34分.结果 患者朗读唯一搭配成语成绩（21.12±11.65）分,双重搭配成语成绩（20.84±9.89）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 非流畅性失语患者朗读2种类型成语的能力存在差异,测试成绩可作为制定和调整言语训练的参考标准及训练内容.     

抬高患肢和被动运动对脑卒中肩手综合征患者康复效果的影响

目的 探讨采取抬高患肢和被动运动训练对脑卒中后肩手综合征患者康复效果的影响.方法 将160例脑卒中后肩手综合征患者分为观察组和对照组,各80例.对照组采用常规护理和康复训练;观察组实施抬高患肢及被动运动,连续4周后评价效果.采用Brunnstrom偏瘫上肢功能评价量表、Fugl-Meyer手指运动功能评定表和Barther指数（MBI）进行评价.结果 两组患者治疗后上肢功能分级、手指运动功能及ADL评分与治疗前比较有显著改善（均P＜0.01）,观察组效果显著优于对照组（均P＜0.01）.结论 抬高患肢和被动运动训练可有效促进脑卒中患者的手部功能恢复,进而提高日常生活能力.     

Wanted: pediatric nephrologists! — why trainees are not choosing pediatric nephrology

A workforce crisis for many pediatric specialties, particularly nephrology, is due to growing retirement rates, attrition during training, and retention difficulties. To obtain specific information regarding pediatric nephrology trainee shortages, we administered two cross-sectional surveys to non-renal pediatric subspecialty fellows and pediatric nephrology program directors. We characterized the fellows' experiences with nephrology and the program directors' experiences with their fellows as well as their outcomes in the last 10 years. We analyzed responses from 531 non-renal fellows (14.4% response rate). Overall, 317 (60%) fellows rated nephrology as difficult, particularly women (65.4% vs. 49.5%, p?p?=?0.001). More men than women (24% vs. 8%, p?相似文献   

Loss of liver transplant surgeons into alternate career paths

In Germany, long‐term commitment of surgeons to transplantation is rare. Most surgeons leave transplant surgery after a short stint and follow careers in other surgical fields. This rapid turnover of liver transplant surgeons may result in poor resource utilization and potentially compromise patient safety. In this report, we have analyzed the caseload and the careers of 25 surgeons in liver transplantation over a period of 22 years. The median time in liver transplantation was short. Of all surgeons who engaged in liver transplantation, the median time was 3.5 years. Surgeons who completed their training remained in the field for 7 years. Surgeons who prematurely stopped their training remained for 2 years. Individual total caseloads of transplant surgeons were relatively low. The median number of procedures was 40 for all surgeons, 153 for currently active surgeons, 51 for surgeons who completed training, 27 for surgeons currently in training, and a median of four liver transplantations for surgeons who prematurely stopped liver transplantation. The vast majority (75%) of surgeons prematurely quit liver transplantation to follow alternate surgical careers. Structural changes in academic transplant surgery have to be made to facilitate long‐term commitments of interested surgeons and to avoid “futile” transplant careers.     

Repeated simulation-based training for performing general anesthesia for emergency cesarean delivery: long-term retention and recurring mistakes

BackgroundThe percentage of women undergoing cesarean delivery under general anesthesia has significantly decreased, which limits training opportunities for its safe administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how effective simulation-based training was in the learning and long-term retention of skills to perform general anesthesia for an emergent cesarean delivery.MethodsDuring an eight-week obstetric anesthesia rotation, 24 residents attended lectures and simulation-based training to perform general anesthesia for emergent cesarean delivery. Performance assessments using a validated weighted scaling system were made during the first (pre-test) and fifth weeks (post-test) of training, and eight months later (post-retention test). Resident’s competency level (weighted score) and errors were assessed at each testing session. Six obstetric anesthesia attending physicians, unfamiliar with the simulation scenario, generated a mean attendings’ performance score. The results were compared.ResultsAt one week of training, residents’ performance was significantly below mean attendings’ performance score (pre-test: 135 ± 22 vs. 159 ± 11, P = 0.013). At five weeks, residents’ performance was similar to mean attendings’ performance score (post-test: 159 ± 21) and remained at that level at eight months (post-retention test: 164 ± 16). Of the important obstetric-specific tasks, left uterine displacement was missed by 46% of residents at eight months.ConclusionFollowing lectures and simulation-enhanced training, anesthesia residents reached and retained for up to eight months a competency level in a simulator comparable to that of obstetric anesthesia attending physicians. Errors in performance and missed tasks may be used to improve residency training and continuing medical education.     

规范化培训与量化绩效考核对手术室感染率的影响

目的 探讨规范化培训与量化绩效考核对手术室感染率的影响.方法 2012年1-12月对我院手术室护理人员进行规范化培训并实施量化绩效考核,与201 1年1-12月感染率情况进行比较.结果 对手术室护理人员进行规范化培训,采取量化绩效考核之后,手术室感染率由1.46％下降到0.70％ （P=O.001）.结论 在护理管理中对护理人员进行规范化培训,并绩效考核量化其工作内容,能够调动其工作积极性,降低手术室感染率,提高护理服务质量.